ライフサイエンスコーパス: foamy

1 ma associated with pulmonary infiltration by foamy alveolar macrophages (AMs), increased hydrogen per

2 Increased numbers of large foamy alveolar macrophages and enlarged alveoli were als

3 ipheral inflammation, hyaline membranes, and foamy alveolar macrophages, a phenotype that persists fo

4 Cish deficiency led to the generation of foamy AMs and the accumulation of pulmonary surfactant.

5 Foamy-appearing human leukocyte antigen-DR positive cell

6 Foamy CD11c(+) monocytes arise in the circulation during

7 racterized by the infiltration of tissues by foamy CD68+CD1a- histiocytes, with 1500 known cases sinc

8 amming prevents ER dysfunction and inhibits "foamy cell" development, thus establishing a molecular b

9 ipate in the progression of macrophages into foamy cells and that these cytokines are important facto

10 Foamy cells positive for the DEC-205 marker also express

11 maller and had a more lymphocytic core, less foamy cells, less parenchymal inflammation, and slower p

12 , plays a crucial role in lipid efflux from foamy cells.

13 ify lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) with foamy characteristics.

14 oplasmic reticulum (RER), mitochondria size, foamy cytoplasm, and glycogen accumulation in the liver

15 Foamy flows are critical in numerous natural and industr

16 bbles in realistic microfluidics devices and foamy flows involving tens of thousands of bubbles in a

17 microfluidic bubble crystals are examples of foamy flows.

18 ate of the art in simulation capabilities of foamy flows.

19 he AQUA system was also able to discriminate foamy gland prostate cancers, which are known to have a

20 ve a monotonous histiocytoid appearance with foamy granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.

21 e on ECD biopsies, we detected expression in foamy histiocytes of the phosphorylated forms of mTOR an

22 isorder characterized by the accumulation of foamy histiocytes within organs (in particular, frequent

23 Shear-resistant capture of foamy human or mouse monocytes was initiated by high-aff

24 any macrophages were both multinucleated and foamy in appearance.

25 port 36 lineages of basal amphibian and fish foamy-like endogenous retroviruses (FLERVs).

26 o become pro-inflammatory foamy macrophages (foamy M ), participate neuroinflammation, and facilitate

27 d inhibited the pro-inflammatory response of foamy M , and accelerated clearance of cell debris and n

28 CA1 expression accelerated lipid efflux from foamy M , reduced lipid accumulation and inhibited the p

29 hanisms underlying the functional changes in foamy M and their potential implications for SCI.

30 n and a higher presence of lipid-accumulated foamy M as well as elevated pro-inflammatory response in

31 ance of understanding the pathologic role of foamy M in SCI progression and the potential of ABCA1 as

32 We observed that foamy M lacking ABCA1 exhibited increased lipid accumula

33 , including massive neutrophil infiltration, foamy macrophage accumulation, unwanted cell growth, and

34 inside the host macrophages by promoting the foamy macrophage formation and abrogating phagolysosomal

35 ted with emphysema, pulmonary lipidosis, and foamy macrophage infiltrations.

36 n, numerous bacteria were present within the foamy macrophage of the granulomatous lesions along the

37 The foamy macrophage seems to be a key participant in both s

38 We identified foamy macrophage-like cells as the primary source of Wnt

39 large numbers of proliferating and activated foamy macrophage/microglial cells.

40 and potentially involved in the formation of foamy macrophages (FMs) and granulomas.

41 f lipids in the form of tiny droplets within foamy macrophages (FMs).

42 ant myelin debris to become pro-inflammatory foamy macrophages (foamy M ), participate neuroinflammat

43 Rod-shaped microglia-like cells and foamy macrophages (myelin-laden) were iNOS negative.

44 ssue destruction/remodeling, accumulation of foamy macrophages and alteration in surfactant compositi

45 in a significant decrease in the presence of foamy macrophages and increased expression of CCR7 and M

46 PTL4) is the most highly upregulated gene in foamy macrophages and it's absence in haematopoietic cel

47 m Abcg1-/- mice revealed elevated numbers of foamy macrophages and leukocytes and the presence of mul

48 at CD47 is expressed in normal myelin and in foamy macrophages and reactive astrocytes within active

49 Highly vacuolated or foamy macrophages are a distinct characteristic of granu

50 First, Trem2(+) foamy macrophages are not proinflammatory but interferon

51 uberculosis to proliferate inside lipid-rich foamy macrophages but not under regular culture conditio

52 gh-infected zebrafish, was the occurrence of foamy macrophages characterised by a strong pro-inflamma

53 his is the first report of the occurrence of foamy macrophages during an extracellular trypanosome in

54 assical monocytes, but not CD1c(+) DCs, made foamy macrophages easily in vitro with macrophage colony

55 However, we demonstrate in this study that foamy macrophages express high levels of DEC-205, a mark

56 on of TGF localized to epithelioid cells and foamy macrophages in areas of inflammation.

57 Development of foamy macrophages in SP-D-deficient mice is not secondar

58 g bedaquiline (BDQ) is localised not only in foamy macrophages in the lungs during infection but also

59 type I interferon signaling or formation of foamy macrophages in the lungs of Deltappk-1 mutant-infe

60 eostasis and the prevention of emphysema and foamy macrophages in vivo.

61 nch of the ER stress pathway in lipid-loaded foamy macrophages led to upregulation of TRIB3, which tr

62 were predominantly macrophage/microglia and foamy macrophages present within demyelinating lesions a

63 using them to differentiate into lipid-laden foamy macrophages that are a primary source of tissue de

64 n failed to rescue the emphysema or enlarged foamy macrophages that are characteristic of Sftpd(-/-)

65 ce were decreased compared with WT mice, and foamy macrophages were nearly absent in the TREM2 KO mic

66 The histopathology showed foamy macrophages with Diastase-resistant intracytoplasm

67 We find that foamy macrophages with senescence markers accumulate in

68 testinal tract and shows histopathologically foamy macrophages with typical numerous PAS-positive, no

69 is was recognized as clusters of lipid-laden foamy macrophages within the neointima with or without n

70 /- mice; the animals developed emphysema and foamy macrophages without the associated abnormalities i

71 characteristics (multinucleated giant cells, foamy macrophages) consistent with a foreign body reacti

72 4 to 10 weeks, with marked lipid deposition, foamy macrophages, and infiltration of smooth muscle alp

73 at PPAR ligands reduce lipid accumulation in foamy macrophages, and may target other receptors.

74 ar inflammation, with activated lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and neutrophils.

75 ced lesional area is related to decreases in foamy macrophages, collagen positive areas, and necrotic

76 e thus discriminant, whereas others, such as foamy macrophages, covered both benign and malignant reg

77 -Cre) develop diffuse tissue infiltration of foamy macrophages, hepatosplenomegaly, and systemic infl

78 ering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2) foamy macrophages-and identify a new macrophage subset r

79 wn was associated with local accumulation of foamy macrophages.

80 filtration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and foamy macrophages.

81 white matter and intracytoplasmic myelin in foamy macrophages.

82 with presence of inflammatory infiltrate or foamy macrophages.

83 acterial properties of SBM and its effect on foamy macrophages.

84 utant mice demonstrated thickened septae and foamy macrophages/leukocytes.

85 interfere with the formation of lipid-laden "foamy" macrophages in the host, as they provide a nutrie

86 een observed on several occasions; rubbing a foamy mixture of saliva and leaf onto specific parts of

87 ents in signaling VLA-4 adhesive function on foamy monocytes competent to recruit to VCAM-1 on inflam

88 E-deficient mice, an inflammatory subset of foamy monocytes emerged that made up one fourth of the c

89 It revealed that foamy monocytes from mice on a WD increased their adhesi

90 Recruitment of foamy monocytes to inflamed endothelium expressing VCAM-

91 lar inflammatory and metabolic profiles with foamy Mphis derived from the atherosclerotic mouse and h

92 two lipid-sensing nuclear receptors create a foamy niche within macrophage by modulating oxidized low

93 n mice, including hypomyelinating phenotype, foamy oligodendrocytes, and myelin loss.

94 es of VWMD pathology include myelin loss and foamy oligodendrocytes.

95 expression (CES1KD cells) have a distinctly foamy phenotype as compared to CES1-expressing THP-1 mac

96 es, the transformation of macrophages into a foamy phenotype is linked to the presence of high IL-10,

97 s drove microglia to develop an exacerbated "foamy" phenotype when incubated with myelin-rich spinal

98 Unlike orthoretroviruses, foamy retroviruses (FV) synthesize Pol independently of

99 Foamy storage cells were observed in dorsal root ganglio

100 ing and capping of meibomian gland orifices, foamy tear, glands expressibility, 5-Item Dry Eye Questi

101 ations such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and foamy urine, were frequently reported by patients.

102 e kinase deficiency, in vivo selection using foamy vectors with MGMTP140K has broad potential for sev

103 t strong viral enhancers/promoters placed in foamy viral vectors caused extremely low immortalization

104 e of a replication-competent clone of bovine foamy virus (BFV) and have quantitated the amount of spl

105 Here we demonstrate that bovine foamy virus (BFV) expresses high levels of three viral m

106 we describe three miRNAs expressed by bovine foamy virus (BFV), a member of the spumavirus subfamily

107 Feline foamy virus (FFV) is a contact-dependent retrovirus form

108 The foamy virus (FV) genome contains two promoters, the cano

109 The cellular factors that mediate foamy virus (FV) latency are poorly understood.

110 Foamy virus (FV) replication is resistant to most nucleo

111 Foamy virus (FV) replication, while related to that of o

112 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a foamy virus (FV) vector expressing the P140K mutant of m

113 Foamy virus (FV) vectors are particularly attractive gen

114 domain, whereas similar chimeras with human foamy virus (HFV) (containing no zinc fingers) Gag had a

115 As with the human foamy virus (HFV) and feline foamy virus, we have detect

116 reviously constructed vectors based on human foamy virus (HFV) and found that they were able to trans

117 tional transactivator, termed Bel-1 in human foamy virus (HFV) and Tas or Taf in the related simian f

118 nscriptional transactivator encoded by human foamy virus (HFV) can efficiently activate gene expressi

119 A putative cleavage site of the human foamy virus (HFV) envelope glycoprotein (Env) was altere

120 n investigating the characteristics of human foamy virus (HFV) integration.

121 Human foamy virus (HFV) is a retrovirus of the spumavirus fami

122 Human foamy virus (HFV) is the prototype member of the spumavi

123 Human foamy virus (HFV) is the prototype of the Spumavirus gen

124 Human foamy virus (HFV) is the prototype of the Spumavirus gen

125 genomes of the spumaviruses, of which human foamy virus (HFV) is the prototype, are very similar to

126 The Gag protein of human foamy virus (HFV) lacks Cys-His boxes present in the nuc

127 vectors derived from the nonpathogenic human foamy virus (HFV) to transduce human CD34(+) cells and m

128 The infectivity of human foamy virus (HFV) was examined in primary and cultured h

129 Here we generated nonintegrating foamy virus (NIFV) vectors by introducing point mutation

130 sented in our manuscript show that oncolytic Foamy Virus (oFV) vectors are capable of persisting unin

131 p12-M63-PM15 nonviable mutant with prototype foamy virus (PFV) and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV

132 Vector systems based on Prototype Foamy Virus (PFV) are promising candidates for gene and

133 ntegrase (IN) enzyme of retrovirus prototype foamy virus (PFV) consists of four domains: amino termin

134 uncovered critical interactions of prototype foamy virus (PFV) Gag with nucleosomes via a highly cons

135 rized the in vitro activity of the prototype foamy virus (PFV) IN from the Spumavirus genus and deter

136 termined crystal structures of the prototype foamy virus (PFV) IN tetramer, in complexes with viral D

137 Here we show that the prototype foamy virus (PFV) intasome is proficient at stable captu

138 energy transfer (smFRET), we show prototype foamy virus (PFV) intasomes specifically bind to DNA str

139 Prototype foamy virus (PFV) integrase (IN) forms a tetramer bound

140 l structures revealed a network of prototype foamy virus (PFV) integrase residues that distort tDNA:

141 he recent crystal structure of the prototype foamy virus (PFV) integrase-viral DNA complex revealed n

142 maging tools to determine that the prototype foamy virus (PFV) retroviral intasome searches for an in

143 ate (dNTP) incorporation kinetics of primate foamy virus (PFV) reverse transcriptase (RT) in comparis

144 The prototype foamy virus (PFV) structural protein GAG associates with

145 a retroviral Gag protein from the prototypic foamy virus (PFV) that is almost devoid of ubiquitin acc

146 sarcoma leucosis virus (ASLV) and prototype foamy virus (PFV).

147 the discovery and analysis of an endogenous foamy virus (PSFVaye) within the genome of the aye-aye (

148 -cell lymphotrophic virus (STLV), and simian foamy virus (SFV) and for nucleic acids of these same vi

149 Simian Foamy Virus (SFV) can be transmitted from non-human prim

150 Simian foamy virus (SFV) infection and the subsequent immune re

151 Recently, simian foamy virus (SFV) infection was reported in 4 of 231 ind

152 Zoonotic infections with simian foamy virus (SFV), a retrovirus endemic in most Old Worl

153 , simian type D retrovirus (SRV), and simian foamy virus (SFV).

154 bal redistribution of PFV and macaque simian foamy virus (SFVmac) integration sites toward centromere

155 creased when this insulator was removed from foamy virus and significantly reduced when the insulator

156 fy a novel insulator, and support the use of foamy virus as a vector for gene therapy, especially whe

157 a unique insulator, and supports the use of foamy virus as a vector for gene therapy.

158 Thus, foamy virus assembly is distinct from that of other reve

159 Human foamy virus can establish persistent infections in human

160 aposi sarcoma herpesvirus LANA and prototype foamy virus chromatin-binding sequences that blocked nuc

161 3), human papillomavirus 8 E2, and prototype foamy virus chromatin-binding sequences.

162 In arrested cells no foamy virus DNA band was detected in cells harvested at

163 iter infectious pseudotypes, while the human foamy virus Env protein did not.

164 fied the 18-kDa leader peptide (LP18) of the foamy virus envelope protein (FVenv) as a new substrate

165 Foamy virus evolution closely parallels that of the host

166 e been reported for integrase from prototype foamy virus featuring an additional DNA-binding domain a

167 ation signal sequence in Gag, we observed no foamy virus Gag importation into the nucleus in the abse

168 blished evidence for the first time that the foamy virus genome and Gag translocation into the nucleu

169 The foamy virus genome is detected by confocal microscopy in

170 ken together, these results suggest that the foamy virus genome persists in nondividing cells without

171 This report shows that the foamy virus genome remains unintegrated in G(1)/S phase-

172 little sequence similarity with its primate foamy virus homologs, but the putative nucleocapsid (NC)

173 y to a recent crystal structure of prototype foamy virus IN bound to DNA.

174 , we report a crystal structure of prototype foamy virus IN bound to viral DNA prior to 3'-processing

175 of full-length integrase from the prototype foamy virus in complex with its cognate DNA.

176 al structures of the intasome from prototype foamy virus in complex with target DNA, elucidating the

177 the X-ray crystal structure of the prototype foamy virus IN target capture complex together with our

178 gstrom resolution structure of the prototype foamy virus intasome engaged with a nucleosome core part

179 Co-crystal structures of the prototype foamy virus intasome have shown that all three FDA-appro

180 transpososomes with structures of Prototype Foamy Virus intasomes suggests a binding mode for target

181 d contrast with earlier studies on prototype foamy virus intasomes.

182 conserved DD35E catalytic core motif of the foamy virus integrase sequence.

183 nc finger of Spt10p is homologous to that of foamy virus integrase, perhaps suggesting that this inte

184 s compared with those observed for prototype foamy virus integrase.

185 Foamy virus is an attractive vector for gene therapy.

186 Thirteen (56%) were coinfected with a simian foamy virus known to be acquired through severe bites.

187 tly earlier than the LTR promoter during the foamy virus life cycle.

188 mediated by a 36-bp insulator located in the foamy virus long terminal repeat (LTR) that has high-aff

189 We demonstrate that the foamy virus long terminal repeats contain an insulator e

190 discovery of PSFVaye indicates that primate foamy virus might be more broadly distributed than previ

191 microscopy of the transfected cells revealed foamy virus particles.

192 When prototype foamy virus Pol is expressed as an orthoretroviral-like

193 Foamy virus Pol precursor protein processing by the vira

194 However, foamy virus replication also resembles that of hepadnavi

195 Foamy virus replication is cell cycle dependent; however

196 d simian foamy viruses, that is critical for foamy virus replication.

197 or intasomes, from the spumavirus prototype foamy virus revealed a functional integrase tetramer, an

198 elements in spleen necrosis virus and human foamy virus RNA and support the model that divergent ret

199 The full-length sequence of simian foamy virus serotype 2 (SFVmcy-2), isolated from a Taiwa

200 position 50 to alanine (R50A) of the simian foamy virus SFV cpz(hu) inhibits proper capsid assembly

201 The resistance of foamy virus supports the hypothesis that the zinc finger

202 ns were introduced into human NK-92 cells by foamy virus transduction.

203 reviously demonstrated the utility of simian foamy virus type 1 (SFV-1) as a vector system by transie

204 We have cloned proviral DNA of simian foamy virus type 1 (SFV-1) from linear unintegrated DNA

205 Tas DNA binding site derived from the simian foamy virus type 1 (SFV-1) internal promoter.

206 structed a series of vectors based on simian foamy virus type 1 (SFV-1) to define the minimum cis-act

207 se a model for transactivation of the simian foamy virus type 1 internal promoter in which Tas intera

208 anscriptional transactivator (Tas) of simian foamy virus type 1 strongly augments gene expression dir

209 erapy we constructed a replication competent Foamy Virus vector (oFV) from the genomes of two chimpan

210 hs of the dystrophin open reading frame in a foamy virus vector and quantified packaged vector RNA an

211 These results demonstrate that a foamy virus vector can be administered with therapeutic

212 34+ hematopoietic stem cells transduced by a foamy virus vector expressing canine CD18 had complete r

213 In newborn SCID-X1 dogs, injection of a foamy virus vector expressing the human IL2RG gene resul

214 and efficacy of in vivo gene therapy using a foamy virus vector for the correction of canine X-linked

215 2-11 and miR-155 function in vivo, we used a foamy virus vector to express the miRNAs in human hemato

216 ults represent the first successful use of a foamy virus vector to treat a genetic disease, to our kn

217 Foamy virus vectors are well-suited for stable delivery

218 be the first stable packaging cell lines for foamy virus vectors based on SFV-1.

219 This potential was applied by optimising foamy virus vectors carrying the full-length dystrophin

220 ing bone marrow cells marked with integrated foamy virus vectors that express green fluorescent prote

221 We found foamy virus vectors to be remarkably less genotoxic, wel

222 Here we describe the use of foamy virus vectors to treat canine leukocyte adhesion d

223 disease, to our knowledge, and suggest that foamy virus vectors will be effective in treating human

224 FV-1 which is distantly related to the human foamy virus will provide a means to understand the biolo

225 We have found an endogenous foamy virus within the genomes of sloths and show that f

226 promoters, an effect not explained solely by foamy virus' modest insertional site preference for nong

227 es of integrase-DNA complexes from prototype foamy virus, a member of the Spumavirus genus of Retrovi

228 Vectors derived from foamy virus, a nonpathogenic retrovirus, show higher pre

229 s have no effect on the infectivity of human foamy virus, a spumaretrovirus lacking zinc fingers in i

230 ly mimic the integrase tetramer of prototype foamy virus, and two flanking integrase dimers that enga

231 as the Tas transactivator encoded by primate foamy virus, fail to inhibit RNA interference in human c

232 howed marked cytopathology characteristic of foamy virus, HFV-infected monocyte-derived macrophages f

233 hanism behind the low genotoxic potential of foamy virus, identifies a unique insulator, and supports

234 mechanism underlying the low genotoxicity of foamy virus, identify a novel insulator, and support the

235 we demonstrate a sequence-specific effect of foamy virus, independent of insertional bias, contributi

236 The observation that BFV, a foamy virus, is able to express viral miRNAs in infected

237 with the human foamy virus (HFV) and feline foamy virus, we have detected a spliced pol mRNA by PCR.

238 HIV, simian immunodeficiency virus, MLV, and foamy virus, we show that global and local integration s

239 man immunodeficiency virus type 2, and human foamy virus, which were produced by cell lines expressin

240 ls followed by viral titration with the FAB (foamy virus-activated beta-galactosidase expression) ass

241 in the highly conserved YXDD motif of simian foamy virus-chimpanzee (human isolate) [SFVcpz(hu)] RT w

242 Alu PCR revealed foamy virus-specific DNA amplification from genomic DNA

243 ys they were allowed to cycle, at which time foamy virus-specific DNA amplification was readily obser

244 mia virus, avian sarcoma leukosis virus, and foamy virus.

245 ity, proviral DNA detection and isolation of foamy virus.

246 etroviral vectors based on the nonpathogenic foamy viruses (FV) are an alternative gene-transfer syst

247 Foamy viruses (FV) are complex retroviruses that natural

248 Foamy viruses (FV) are complex retroviruses that possess

249 Retroviral vectors based on foamy viruses (FV) are efficient gene delivery vehicles

250 Foamy viruses (FV) are retroviruses that naturally infec

251 Foamy viruses (FV) are the oldest known genus of retrovi

252 Foamy viruses (FV) comprise a subfamily of retroviruses.

253 Foamy viruses (FV) differ from orthoretroviruses in many

254 iruses but similar to the hepatitis B virus, foamy viruses (FV) require expression of the envelope pr

255 Foamy viruses (FV) synthesize Pol from a spliced pol mRN

256 Spumaviruses, commonly called foamy viruses (FV), are complex retroviruses that establ

257 Foamy viruses (FVs) are an ancient lineage of retrovirus

258 Foamy viruses (FVs) are ancient retroviruses that are ub

259 Foamy viruses (FVs) are classified in the family Retrovi

260 Although foamy viruses (FVs) are endemic among nonhuman primates,

261 Among all retroviruses, foamy viruses (FVs) are unique in that they regularly ma

262 Foamy viruses (FVs) assemble using pathways distinct fro

263 ysine motif-in the glycoproteins of all five foamy viruses (FVs) for which sequences were available.

264 Foamy viruses (FVs) or spumaviruses are retroviruses tha

265 Foamy viruses (FVs), or spumaviruses, are integrating re

266 V) from the genomes of two chimpanzee Simian Foamy Viruses (PAN1 and PAN2) and inserted a GFP transge

267 Simian and human foamy viruses (SFV and HFV) encode a transcriptional tra

268 lence (4/231, 1.8%) of infection with simian foamy viruses (SFV) among humans occupationally exposed

269 Simian foamy viruses (SFV) are complex retroviruses that are ub

270 oonotic transmission of Old World NHP simian foamy viruses (SFV) has been documented, leading to nonp

271 Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are highly prevalent in a variety o

272 Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are ubiquitous, non-pathogenic retr

273 Zoonotic simian foamy viruses (SFVs) establish persistent infections in

274 We studied simian foamy viruses (SFVs) from common marmosets, spider monke

275 Simian foamy viruses (SVF) are ubiquitous in nonhuman primates

276 y viruses, suggesting an association between foamy viruses and primates since the haplorrhine-strepsi

277 Foamy viruses are a member of the spumavirus subfamily o

278 Foamy viruses are a ubiquitous family of nonpathogenic r

279 Foamy viruses are complex retroviruses that lead to eith

280 Foamy viruses are complex retroviruses whose replication

281 Foamy viruses are nonpathogenic retroviruses that offer

282 Foamy viruses are retroviruses of the spumavirus family

283 Foamy viruses are retroviruses whose Pol protein is synt

284 icant level of transduction, indicating that foamy viruses could not be pseudotyped with VSV-G to gen

285 Although the tas and ORF-2 regions of foamy viruses have significantly diverged, the results p

286 Foamy viruses have the largest genomes among mammalian r

287 he transcription of genes carried by primate foamy viruses is dependent on two distinct promoter elem

288 These data suggest that foamy viruses possess a replication pathway containing f

289 Thus vectors based on foamy viruses represent a promising approach for HSC gen

290 organization to other complex retroviruses, foamy viruses share several features with their more dis

291 s within the genomes of sloths and show that foamy viruses were infecting mammals more than 100 milli

292 e Class I and Class II retroviral sequences, foamy viruses, and deltaretroviruses, as well as filovir

293 Spumaviruses, commonly called foamy viruses, are complex retroviruses that establish l

294 Foamy viruses, complex retroviruses that infect mammals,

295 coded, respectively, by the human and simian foamy viruses, have been mutationally defined, they show

296 t PSFVaye is divergent from all known simian foamy viruses, suggesting an association between foamy v

297 s (HFV) and Tas or Taf in the related simian foamy viruses, that is critical for foamy virus replicat

298 ed novel vectors, including lentiviruses and foamy viruses.

299 recombination between genetically divergent foamy viruses.