ライフサイエンスコーパス: formal

1 ly results in promotion of the unprecedented formal 1,4-cycloaddition.

2 by a base-enabled rearomatization through a formal 1,5-hydrogen migration.

3 5-arylpent-2-enylmalonates as products of HI formal 1,6-addition to the bicyclopropyl system.

4 e short (av. 2.513 angstrom), reflecting the formal 2- charge of the C(4) -unit, and the SiMe(3) grou

5 )(H(2),2H)), in a process corresponding to a formal 2-electron reduction of the metal-ion core of FeM

6 ctionalized 4-ethynylbenzenes undergo facile formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition followed by retroelectrocyc

7 -bridged expanded helicenes via Zr-mediated, formal [2+2+n] cycloadditions.

8 ce of the lithium salt Li[B(C(6)F(5))(4)] by formal [2+2] cycloaddition to give a boron thiocarbonate

9 functionalized polycyclic indolines through formal [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloadditions of indoles wit

10 The overall transformation represents a formal [3 + 2] annulation via rearrangement.

11 The first enantioselective formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition between alpha-isocyanoester

12 s the formation of two new C-N bonds via the formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction.

13 , second C(sp(3))-H activation to complete a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition.

14 zwitterion that traps pai-electrophiles in a formal [3 + 2] process.

15 is demonstrated in a mild and stereospecific formal [3+1] cycloaddition with simple hydroxylamines, l

16 This formal [3+2] cycloaddition process provides a highly mod

17 ich react through N-N bond ring opening in a formal [3+3] cycloaddition to form four chiral centers w

18 The reaction constitutes a formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition across the two nitrogen ato

19 intricate cascade process comprising unusual formal [4 + 2]- and [2 + 2]-cycloadditions followed by s

20 We have developed a formal [4+1] approach to pyrrolidines from readily avail

21 This base-promoted formal [4+2] annulation proceeds via cyclohexanone forma

22 This new transformation, which resembles a formal [4+2] cycloaddition with concomitant decarboxylat

23 s including nitronate conjugate addition and formal [4+2] cycloadditions.

24 react with trifluoromethyl ketones through a formal [4+2] manifold to access highly enantioenriched d

25 ing features of language find explanation in formal accounts of how language might be optimized for c

26 logue 2d led to the substitution followed by formal addition of HCF(3) to the C=N bond.

27 These reactions result in the formal addition of the C-C sigma bond to the main group

28 s standard practice in particular scenarios, formal adoption of such policies has yet to become wides

29 This study represents a first quantitatively formal advance in determining long-term hazard levels at

30 rom the pilot resulted in establishment of a formal AI-ML curriculum for future residents.

31 in allergy compared with consultants with no formal allergy training [Willingness to pay (WTP) estima

32 ated [4+2]-photocycloaddition that undergoes formal allylic substitution with amine nucleophiles unde

33 This reactivity umpolung enables the formal alpha-allylation of (pseudo)benzylic primary amin

34 An organoaluminum complex containing a formal aluminum double bond (dialumene), and thus an alk

35 Moreover, a one-pot formal aminoacylation of olefins is described through a

36 Further formal analysis of geographic variation in decade-to-cen

37 Our study illustrates how formal analysis of phylogenomic data can increase our un

38 eous speech production can be predicted from formal analysis of speech content, and that multiple pre

39 rence to operational considerations, without formal analysis of the influence of design parameters on

40 However, the lack of formal analytically tractable models of such coupled inf

41 experimentally-manipulated conditions, using formal anatomical ontologies.

42 lobal assortativity of the network from both formal and conceptual perspective, and show that DD can

43 ncurrent cross-coupling approach, resembling formal and flexible alkyl-alkyl couplings, provides a ge

44 nd reformulation), and health-related costs (formal and informal healthcare costs, productivity costs

45 time investment in 100% and 76.7% of current formal and informal SEE, respectively.

46 This statement provides a formal and updated definition for the broadly labelled t

47 A ruthenium-catalyzed formal anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of allylic alcoho

48 A general formal approach gives insight into the influence of para

49 What does a formal approach to population health science teach us ab

50 eit many still await clinical validation and formal approval.

51 iple large-scale screens become available, a formal assessment of the reproducibility of these experi

52 rently unclear whether individuals without a formal autism diagnosis, but experiencing autistic-like

53 The model provides a formal basis for understanding the relationship between

54 Moreover, formal Bayesian analyses reveal substantial to strong ev

55 A formal Betti reaction between variously substituted phen

56 onnects two preexisting aromatic cores via a formal C-H activation step.

57 ed by organic photoredox catalysis engage in formal C-H functionalization reactions with diazoacetate

58 characterization of these N-oxides enabled a formal Cadogan cyclization at room temperature for 2 H-i

59 loser engagement of social epidemiology with formal causal inference approaches.

60 loser engagement of social epidemiology with formal causal inference approaches." The formidable, but

61 xclusive breastfeeding at age <3 months, and formal childcare attendance before age 12 months.

62 xclusive breastfeeding at age <3-months, and formal childcare attendance before age 12-months.

63 Formal CKD surveillance programs in Nicaragua are needed

64 he current study was not affiliated with any formal clinical trial.

65 This Formal Comment addresses a recent challenge to this idea

66 This Formal Comment presents an update to citation databases

67 Yet, current gravity models do not allow a formal comparison of hierarchical versus metapopulation

68 To enable formal comparisons across a range of established EBV ser

69 urse of an entire training scheme, alongside formal competency assessments, may provide evidence of c

70 ch uses behavioral tasks in combination with formal computational models to identify candidate cognit

71 a systematic review of the literature and a formal consensus process.

72 endations based on a systematic review and a formal consensus process.

73 This deazidoalkoxylation leads to the formal construction of N, O-acetals, and the remaining a

74 8% and 30% on its own should not represent a formal contraindication for live donation.

75 g (less than 25 years old) and arose without formal coordination.

76 The Enga have a plural justice system with formal courts practicing retributive justice and customa

77 Future work should establish formal criteria for analysis and benchmarking of emergen

78 74% of patients compared with 52% in CBT met formal criteria for recovery on the BDI-II at post treat

79 rovide continued benefit in conjunction with formal curricula, which warrants further investigation.

80 d of innovation in data science practice and formal curricula.

81 vation to generate the three-carbon unit for formal cycloaddition.

82 However, more formal, data-driven, causal mechanisms of long-term grou

83 In November 2017, a formal debate on the role of bacteria in the pathogenesi

84 recently experienced rewards, complying with formal decision variables of object risk and action risk

85 We provide a formal definition of splice site ambiguity due to the ge

86 Only 14 articles (5.5%) explicitly provided formal definitions; for the remaining, we inferred the i

87 dG(N(1)-H)(*) is produced by the formal dehydration of a hydroxyl radical adduct of dG as

88 The suggested mechanistic pathway includes a formal dehydrative step followed by palladium AcOH-induc

89 of contexts influences citizen behavior when formal democratic institutions erode or disappear.

90 death, within and across sites, in terms of formal deposition of the body versus postmortem manipula

91 also assessed to provide a basis for future formal description of the isolates as new species.

92 range is not well known due to the lack of a formal description until recent times (2006) and its str

93 The formal diagnosis of KD was made on her 8th day of sympto

94 uiring long delays between symptom onset and formal diagnosis.

95 mpairments are not an explicit part of their formal diagnostic criteria, including autism spectrum di

96 This process enables formal directed deuteration, azidation, thiolation, and

97 ) )(2) U] (2), which contains uranium in the formal divalent oxidation state.

98 e, Google Scholar, and preexisting lists for formal economic studies of the projected costs of single

99 en who were black or brown with little or no formal education (48.8%, 95% CI 48.2-49.5) and lowest fo

100 n:8.7 years); 63.9% were women, 19.4% had no formal education, 28.1% were diabetic and 56.9% were hyp

101 igher education, whereas 102,899 (8%) had no formal education.

102 arly seen from the conformation adopted by a formal eight-membered ring including both N and O atoms

103 a source of ethoxyphosphinidene, followed by formal elimination of ethanol yields 3,5-diphenyl-2-phos

104 Bayesian decision theory provides a simple formal elucidation of some of the ways that representati

105 Here, we report a strategy for the formal enantioselective alpha-functionalization of keton

106 d to become new or better instructors; (iii) formal evaluation of the TtT materials is now a priority

107 However, formal evidence for this concept in human livers is lack

108 with higher baseline LDL-C, but there was no formal evidence of heterogeneity (P(interaction)=0.31).

109 However, there is still no formal evidence that the Kok effect has a respiratory or

110 There were no formal exclusion criteria.

111 parallel, theory has delineated a number of formal expectations for contexts in which such a feature

112 Here, we provide a formal expression for the integration kernel in divisive

113 mpatible with all existing data, providing a formal, falsifiable framework for future study.

114 inglet electronic structure that maintains a formal Fe(II) oxidation state with a doubly reduced liga

115 ne of the youngest fields to develop its own formal fellowship training program.

116 Here, we present a formal framework and a web-based tool, the SensorOverlor

117 Yet, we lack formal framework to represent and study this information

118 ntegrating the opposing sides under a common formal framework will yield new insights into how mindre

119 and promote efficient cycloisomerization and formal Friedel-Crafts reactions.

120 It targets the formal fungal barcode-the nuclear ribosomal internal tra

121 Formal genetic counseling includes preparation of a fami

122 This formal genetic evidence for the importance of Btnl heter

123 Lineage tracing provided formal genetic proof that the uterine carcinosarcoma cel

124 ed Average approach is unbiased, providing a formal grounding to the approach, clarifying the limits

125 care (CoC) with patients with cancer, little formal guidance is available on how to conduct these sen

126 Many patients with laryngeal cancer meet the formal guidelines for USPSTF screening, and should be sc

127 ir field of expertise, even when included in formal guidelines.

128 A standard 29 CFR Part 1910.132, requiring a formal hazard assessment for work environments as a "bef

129 s in cellular potency despite the additional formal HBD.

130 0.21-0.22, and 1.40, 1.39-1.42) and seeking formal health care (0.06, 0.05-0.06, and 1.16, 1.15-1.17

131 always obtained information from outside the formal health care system, so how has the internet chang

132 .64 million QALYs, and save $39.7 billion in formal healthcare costs.

133 ed life years (QALYs), health-related costs (formal healthcare, informal healthcare, and lost-product

134 For a series of formal high-valent Ni(IV) complexes, aryl-CF(3) bond-for

135 This formal homobenzylic oxidation is accomplished with high

136 cetylation of methyl ketones, carbenoid-free formal homologation of aliphatic linear ketones and deco

137 Instead, they invoke formal hydride transfer from an orthogonal or bidirectio

138 ge of transformations to provide products of formal hydrofunctionalization.

139 the dyads led to photoproducts arising from formal hydrogen abstraction or Paterno-Buchi (PB) photor

140 radicals to basic heteroarenes, followed by formal hydrogen atom loss, have become widely known as M

141 the formation 1,3-trans-dihydrotriboranes by formal hydrogenation and insertion of a borylene unit in

142 0 000 for CH(4) production via a photodriven formal hydrogenation of CO to CH(4) was also found.

143 No formal hypothesis testing was performed.

144 our trial-and-error experiences, rather than formal hypothesis testing.

145 to each individual, and it seeks to develop formal idiographic statistical models to represent these

146 A formal implementation strategy emphasizing communication

147 This should occur alongside formal inclusion of these groups in large-scale monitori

148 A formal index of agency, instrumental divergence allows a

149 ns associated with alternative actions, as a formal index of agency, we found that brain regions asso

150 Two researchers independently extracted formal information (eg, country, year, duration of follo

151 e an ethynediolate fragment, which undergoes formal insertion into the Si-B bond.

152 This formal insertion of CO into organoboronic acids can also

153 t, typical epidemiology curricula often lack formal instruction in important components of causal thi

154 sessed with multivariable Cox regression and formal interaction testing.

155 Ds such as hypertension and diabetes because formal laboratory testing for NCDs is not used during ov

156 of HS in the HFSC compartment establishes a formal link between genetic predisposition and skin infl

157 e analysis of these variants provided a more formal link between these phenotypes and lincNORS, furth

158 culturally-invented symbol systems, such as formal logic and symbolic math such as algebra.

159 de comprehension overlapped extensively with formal logic and to a lesser degree math.

160 The same participants also performed formal logic, symbolic math, executive control, and lang

161 At the time of study enrollment when a formal LVAD evaluation was initiated, 162 patient-caregi

162 However, to our knowledge, no formal mathematical formulation exists for how a physiol

163 in mutual information and transfer entropy, formal measures related to information storage and flow.

164 relevant to birth weight-the placenta-using formal mediation analyses.

165 ammatory response, an effect corroborated in formal mediation analyses.

166 ables linking drought and IPV, prohibiting a formal mediation analysis.

167 tly expanding the range and precision of the formal mediator/analyte concentration ratio rule.

168 l and behavioural change and refusal to seek formal medical care or accept vaccines, which in turn in

169 ican countries but they practise outside the formal mental health system.

170 ning enterprise, despite typically having no formal mentorship role.

171 In cross-study synthesis by formal meta-analysis, the metric of log response ratio a

172 ethods, which precluded us from conducting a formal meta-analysis.

173 implicated in many diseases, but there is no formal method to date that identifies de novo deletions

174 We provide a formal method to quantify deletions based on their poten

175 Here, we provide a formal model in which genetic contributions to complex t

176 This paper introduces a formal model of selective attention based on active infe

177 A formal model shows how such an effort-prober strategy is

178 and precision in order to develop a unified formal model.

179 ity and uncertainty in musical pleasure with formal modeling, relating the pleasure of music listenin

180 ar predictions, including through the use of formal modelling, theoretical frameworks set expectation

181 Lagging behind empirical findings, formal models of dACC function primarily focus on inhibi

182 shaped by the competition between different formal models, with a central point of contention being

183 Participants with formal musical training showed more inter-subject correl

184 ctive Polonovski-Potier reaction followed by formal N-4 migration built the core of N-demethylechitam

185 This is a rare example of formal N-N coupling on a metal center, which likely occu

186 er (n = 277, 44.5%) were also analysed using formal neuropathology, which showed neuroprotection by H

187 We administered formal neuropsychiatric testing (Alzheimer Disease Resea

188 is reaction and find that, unexpectedly, the formal Ni(IV) centers are better described as approachin

189 of allylic intermediates, radical species as formal nucleophiles, and activated transition metals as

190 the presence of a structured OPAT program, a formal OPAT care team, a policy on patient selection cri

191 n, a formal vision screening could replace a formal ophthalmologic examination.

192 nder conditions of uncertainty that disallow formal optimization.

193 ary organometallic reaction step involving a formal oxidation state change of -2 at a transition-meta

194 Analysis of charge states reveals a formal oxidation state of -2 for ozone anions in CaO(3).

195 SH(-), or mu-OH(-) groups), and altering the formal oxidation state of the metal.

196 s where the metal atoms are in unusually low formal oxidation states.

197 [H(OEt(2))(2)][Al{OC(CF(3))(3)}(4)] induces formal oxidation, and the compound rearranges to incorpo

198 The development of formal PA postgraduate training programs in ophthalmolog

199 ively 2.22 [1.53-3.21] and 3.11 [2.05-4.71]; formal palliative care training (1.71 [1.32-2.21]); work

200 used data from the COAPT trial to perform a formal patient-level economic analysis of TMVr+GDMT vers

201 framework is proposed which identifies that formal permission (e.g., within nursing guidance) may be

202 eport the synthesis of alkylaryldiazenes via formal, photoredox-catalyzed, deformylative C-N bond for

203 43% (n=52) reported that their center had a formal policy regarding pregnancy following HT.

204 Because the formal potential of redox proteins is pH-dependent, we i

205 yclic voltammograms, which is presumably the formal potential of the primary electron acceptor(s) for

206 oxidation that support an increased Y191(*) formal potential of ~200 mV in the presence of E232.

207 governing both the faradaic (the reversible formal potential, E(0), the standard heterogeneous charg

208 on; but most biologists receive little or no formal preparation for the increasingly computational as

209 Absence of formal primary care diagnoses was a limitation since asc

210 can be trained with differential privacy, a formal privacy framework that limits the likelihood that

211 We provide a formal proof of global structural identifiability of the

212 s 3 boundary) has been a challenge since the formal proposal of a four-series subdivision of the Camb

213 conservation and sustainable use outside of formal protected areas, and will increasingly link to ot

214 Most of these forests have no formal protection and, given recent rates of loss, are a

215 of the ocean south of 40 degrees S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs.

216 ation ventilation perfusion lung scanning or formal pulmonary angiography.

217 rvations of oxygen limitation and provides a formal, quantitative framework for predicting both resti

218 We describe here the diastereocontrolled formal racemic syntheses of tricyclic marine alkaloids,

219 Here, we combined automated formal reasoning with experimentation to expose the logi

220 shown to decline over time, but there is no formal recommendation about testing immunized subjects (

221 cal evidence was not sufficient to support a formal recommendation regarding the use of extracorporea

222 dialysis patients may be problematic, and no formal recommendations on hemodialysis currently exist.

223 lantation and in paediatric patients, but no formal recommendations on those procedures have been pro

224 alysis have drawn attention in recent years: formal redox catalysis, hydroamination and hydroaminoalk

225 have a normal first examination need to have formal reevaluation by an ophthalmologist.

226 The (formal) replacement of Co in cobalamin (Cbl) by Ni(II) g

227 ety summaries by treatment group, before the formal reporting of study results.

228 , which are routinely uploaded, there are no formal repositories for crop SNP array data.

229 The Bitome is a formal representation of a genome and may be used to stu

230 Various legal challenges have required formal responses from national societies, and the Americ

231 Many recently available IOLs are awaiting formal results, but the methods by which we label and co

232 1/N4) of the 1,2,4,5-tetrazine followed by a formal retro [4 + 2] cycloaddition loss of a nitrile and

233 ASCO endorsement entails a formal review by an independent ASCO Expert Panel, and,

234 A formal review of evidence was performed in 22 studies.

235 ion of catalytic intermediates establishes a formal Rh(-I)/Rh(I) redox cycle.

236 ent, conventional pathway also involving the formal Ru(5+)-Ru(4+) couple despite operating above 2.5

237 0), with conventional reactivity through the formal Ru(5+)-Ru(4+) couple.

238 ocal endoscopists, who had undergone similar formal SB-VCE review training.

239 revealed a link suggesting that as years of formal schooling increase so too does health and wellbei

240 ings were associated with less education (no formal schooling versus university education; adjusted o

241 children over the critical first 2 years of formal schooling when foundational learning takes place.

242 ral connectivity during the first 2 years of formal schooling.

243 the past 30 years since the introduction of formal screening programmes.

244 Two (1.5%) provided formal SEE and 33 (25.4%) provided informal SEE, which c

245 Formal SEE was defined as any organized education module

246 Moreover, we emphasise the need for formal selection by exposing how common heuristic choice

247 DO disease classification includes specific formal semantic rules to express meaningful disease mode

248 The lack of a formal sham-control renal denervation procedure should b

249 tal-metal bond distances, we make use of the formal shortness ratio (FSR) for comparison of bond dist

250 gestion challenge with or without proceeding formal skin testing to tackle penicillin allergy efficie

251 ommendations include performing at least one formal social cognition test in the standard neuropsycho

252 We use both a formal statistical test and a quantile-quantile plot for

253 Consequently, formal statistical testing was not done for subsequent m

254 The reaction is a formal stereoretentive nucleophilic substitution at an o

255 These findings support formal stratification of de novo stage IV breast cancer

256 Formal studies support the universality of this so-calle

257 Formal succession planning for ICU leaders is crucial to

258 ation strategy was demonstrated in the short formal syntheses of pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloids (+/-)-

259 In addition, we showcase its utility by the formal syntheses of the pharmaceuticals NGB 4420 and ten

260 pplication of the method is demonstrated via formal synthesis of (-)-paroxetine and other bioactive m

261 A formal synthesis of artemisinin starting from amorphadie

262 e to efficient and enantioselective total or formal synthesis of biologically active molecules is und

263 bled a short synthesis of delavatine A and a formal synthesis of incarviatone A, which are two likely

264 Formal synthesis of natural nabscessin A was also achiev

265 , the application of the methodology for the formal synthesis of ningalin B is delineated.

266 green synthetic strategy was employed for a formal synthesis of the muscle relaxant Dantrolene in ex

267 s asymmetric reaction has been proven by the formal synthesis of the naturally occurring alkaloid (+)

268 Our previous formal synthesis was reengineered, leveraging only produ

269 This paper describes development of a formal system for representing behaviour-change theories

270 c loci between T2D and CHD; by examining the formal testing of this interaction (Mendelian randomizat

271 Despite the trial's large size, formal tests for effect modification did not reach stati

272 ng logistic regression models, informed by a formal theoretical causal framework (Directed Acyclic Gr

273 de gulf between a descriptive analysis and a formal theory of a system's response.

274 This article introduces a formal theory of causal emergence in multivariate system

275 k data analysis, computational modeling, and formal theory.

276 Here, we review studies that deploy formal tools from probability and information theory to

277 se synthesis of RO 20-1724 as well as in the formal total syntheses of both (+/-)-hamacanthin B and (

278 We have also applied it in the formal total syntheses of complex molecules.

279 A concise formal total synthesis of pericoannosin A, by the synthe

280 he synthesis of anhydroryanodol and thus the formal total synthesis of ryanodol.

281 Use of the device did not require formal training and depended on the intuitive intent of

282 a cyclone disaster, a smallpox epidemic, and formal training in ophthalmology and epidemiology.

283 esearchers with domain expertise but without formal training in software engineering or computer scie

284 in ICUs, the majority of countries lacked a formal training program and clearly defined competencies

285 .7-231.9), compared with consultants without formal training].

286 c reduction of CO(2) to HCO(2)(-) requires a formal transfer of a hydride (two electrons, one proton)

287 capacity beyond a conventional mechanism of formal transition metal redox.

288 challenges for the adult hepatologist, and a formal transition service clearly improves outcomes for

289 nd quantum-chemical results suggest that the formal U oxidation state is +4 in the U(2)C(2) cluster,

290 onary evaluation models, but also reveal the formal underpinnings of the alpha-Rank methodology.

291 ingle bond, with a concomitant change in the formal uranium oxidation state from +3 in 1 to +4 in 2.

292 ean example for phase II and III studies; no formal US Food and Drug Administration guidance has been

293 However, formal validation of this idea using in vivo models is s

294 Crucially, this formal (variational) treatment seeks to resolve key deba

295 hus once a child has a normal examination, a formal vision screening could replace a formal ophthalmo

296 ncy and cost savings achieved by eliminating formal visual acuity (VA) and dilated fundus examination

297 ed by nominal group technique culminating in formal voting were to better leverage existing databases

298 ry, 80% of practitioners reported performing formal VTE risk assessment.

299 In the absence of a formal way to choose the "best" measure, it is advisable

300 dian zeitgeber by comparing findings against formal zeitgeber criteria put forward by Jurgen Aschoff

301 The planar fragment contains a rare formal zerovalent germanium core and a peculiar bonding