ライフサイエンスコーパス: foveal

1 stromal areas within the macular (6 mm) and foveal (1.5 mm) regions, and choroidal vascularity, whic

2 All 8 patients with CZS had foveal abnormalities in the analyzed eyes (8 eyes), incl

3 properties of the human visual system (high foveal acuity and low peripheral acuity) and observers'

4 ons in the ventral visual stream, especially foveal adaptations, provide primates with high-acuity vi

5 Foveal and extrafoveal regions of interest (ROI), define

6 tial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and foveal and optic disc involvement were associated with p

7 and deep capillary plexuses (DCP-VD) of the foveal and parafoveal areas were examined in detail.

8 Participants performed foveal and parafoveal face and house discrimination task

9 derwent measurements of superficial and deep foveal and parafoveal vessel density (FVD, PFVD) and cho

10 s in gene expression and proportions between foveal and peripheral cohorts of shared types.

11 e differences in the temporal sensitivity of foveal and peripheral midget ganglion cells.

12 While the foveal and peripheral retina share a similar core circui

13 n concordance with the gradual maturation of foveal architecture and visual sensitivity.

14 gic features and that a full recovery of the foveal architecture could be altered, especially in eyes

15 scars in 5 patients, with varying degrees of foveal architecture disruption.

16 It crossed the foveal area and overstepped to the superior retina.

17 Within the macular region, the foveal area exhibited a greater total signal void area i

18 opic inner foveal layers crossing the entire foveal area.

19 Foveal atrophy showed encompassed foveal thinning, retin

20 trophy; subgroup 2 generally showed low GRS, foveal atrophy, and few drusen (any type); and subgroup

21 pecially in eyes with dense macular scars or foveal atrophy.

22 of 2/200 or less with dense macular scars or foveal atrophy.

23 addition, visual acuity loss was noted with foveal atrophy.

24 uently associated with large soft drusen and foveal atrophy; subgroup 2 generally showed low GRS, fov

25 flow loss and quantitatively for measures of foveal avascular area, parafoveal flow, and vascular den

26 Analyses of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vasculature surrounding

27 Five OCTA biomarkers, including foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (FAZ-A), FAZ contour ir

28 To quantify foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and macular vascular de

29 were analyzed for multiple metrics including foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimeter, nonperfu

30 eep vascular complex (DVC) were analyzed for foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and superficial and dee

31 The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and the vessel density

32 Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area was measured manually;

33 scular complex vessel density (mSVC_VD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were calculated.

34 Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, central subfield thick

35 Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, nonflow area, superfic

36 al, parafoveal, and full macular regions and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter, and circula

37 Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vessel densities, and

38 oidal thickness (CT), temporal and nasal CT, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) diameter, and vessel densiti

39 -A), changes in perfusion density and in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in eyes with idiopathic vitr

40 el density (VD), fractal dimension (FD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of superficial and deep capi

41 h density (VLD), perfusion density (PD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters were measured on

42 photoreceptor density, foveal pit shape, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size in children.

43 illary plexus (DCP) vessel density (VD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size were measured and compa

44 Following manual delineation of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), FAZ area, perimeter, and ac

45 Foveal avascular zone (FAZ)-related metrics consisted of

46 nsion (FD), vessel diameter index (VDI), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ).

47 rmalities on SS-OCTA, including an irregular foveal avascular zone and flow loss within the deep capi

48 While foveal avascular zone and foveal pit metrics did not sig

49 ty in the SRL (0.794 [95% CI, 0.707-0.881]), foveal avascular zone area (0.472 [95% CI, 0.356-0.588])

50 Visual acuity correlated with foveal avascular zone area and parafoveal vascular densi

51 hresholds tended to incorrectly binarize the foveal avascular zone as white (i.e., wrongly indicating

52 the inferior temporal vein and splitting the foveal avascular zone horizontally.

53 The area of the foveal avascular zone in the superficial retinal vessel

54 Postoperative increase in the size of the foveal avascular zone in the superficial retinal vessel

55 rtuosity (n = 1 eyes), and disruption of the foveal avascular zone including fovea plana (n = 3 eyes)

56 ion was detected between vascular density or foveal avascular zone metrics and hemoglobin A1C or dura

57 Quantitative parameters, including foveal avascular zone metrics, parafoveal vessel length

58 on SS OCT, and diameters and circuit of the foveal avascular zone on OCTA.

59 Foveal avascular zone size was not associated with DR se

60 Foveal avascular zone size was predictive for logarithm

61 old by quantifying cone density and spacing, foveal avascular zone size, and foveal pit morphometry t

62 The size of the foveal avascular zone was also calculated automatically,

63 Asymmetry and distorsion of the foveal avascular zone were also noticed.

64 r pole (hyperfluorescent lesions, absence of foveal avascular zone).

65 oximity of the posterior tumor border to the foveal avascular zone, and poorer baseline visual acuity

66 ds, with particularly slower flow around the foveal avascular zone.

67 thickness, and proximity of the tumor to the foveal avascular zone.

68 eyes with AMD, VD decreases with age in the foveal (beta = -0.211, P < .001), parafoveal (beta = -0.

69 jacent ventral visual regions that also show foveal bias, and (2) the VWFA connected more strongly wi

70 neural face sensitivity is associated with a foveal bias, and neural place sensitivity is associated

71 faces and places, along critical dimensions (foveal bias, rectilinearity, size, animacy).

72 A foveal bulge was not present in 67% of patients.

73 nning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) images of foveal capillaries and cone photoreceptors were acquired

74 Foveal CD varied between 19 899 and 55 128 cones/mm(2) w

75 ving all inner retinal layers present at the foveal center (odds ratio, 0.04; P = 0.001) and a lower

76 probability of having the EZ present at the foveal center (odds ratio, 0.07; P = 0.024) compared wit

77 nd outer retinal layers were obtained at the foveal center and the nasal and temporal foveal rims.

78 ave lower linear cone densities close to the foveal center compared to non-myopic children.

79 ers or more (>=1 GA lesion within 250 mum of foveal center if BCVA >=79 letters).

80 ial GA progression rates with respect to the foveal center in both eyes were calculated using the pol

81 Outer retinal thickness at the foveal center increased by 3.1 mum/week in untreated eye

82 liquid (PFO) placement, visualization of the foveal center on iOCT, and images of sufficient quality

83 thinner retina, greater CNV lesion area, and foveal center pathology (all P < 0.001) and IRF (P < 0.0

84 Mean (standard deviation) foveal center thickness was 148 mum (99) for retina, 5 m

85 The choroidal thickness at the foveal center was measured.

86 Migration of the TZs to the foveal center with foveal thinning and structural disorg

87 SRF tolerant except for SRF >200 mum at the foveal center) before extending treatment intervals.

88 the perifoveal macula, initially sparing the foveal center, and over time often expand and coalesce t

89 e between the temporal optic disc margin and foveal center, and the vertical diameter not exceeding a

90 f the three major carotenoids present at the foveal center, but the mechanism by which it is produced

91 ding the distance of thickest point from the foveal center, choroidal thickness, choroidal volume, ch

92 h more rapid outer retinal thickening at the foveal center, whereas LPC is associated with earlier ex

93 baseline, 77% within 1 disc diameter of the foveal center.

94 coincided with migration of the TZ near the foveal center.

95 the "MacTel area" within 5-6 degrees of the foveal center.

96 ers and delayed development of the EZ at the foveal center.

97 have decreased linear cone density near the foveal center.

98 n VA letters were 62 for no pathology in the foveal center; 61 for CNV, fluid, or hemorrhage; 65 for

99 l parameters were evaluated in the 1-mm-wide foveal centered area.

100 Relative number of pixels encompassing all foveal-centered retinal quadrants were measured.

101 Foveal choroidal thickness (FCT), subretinal hyperreflec

102 pathologic features (foveal GA, foveal scar, foveal CNV, SHRM, foveal IRF, retinal thinning, CNV lesi

103 he fovea during treatment suggests that high foveal cone density protects cones from irreversible los

104 as outer segment lengthening implies reduced foveal cone density, which contributes to reduced visual

105 bon synapses and active neurotransmission at foveal cone pedicles are possibly present as early as mi

106 Instead, foveal cone photoreceptors themselves exhibited slower l

107 tally with variations between peripheral and foveal cones in primates and hint at a common mechanisti

108 This performance originates in the foveal cones, which are extremely narrow and long to for

109 smission of mechanical forces to the central foveal cones.

110 The included eyes must present an irregular foveal contour and schitic or cavitated lamellar separat

111 Anatomically, near-normal foveal contour was noted in five (62.5%) eyes at the fin

112 nt interactions between brainstem nuclei and foveal cortical pathways.

113 luence the OCT detectability of pre-existing foveal cystoid lesions.

114 s and prognosis in10 eyes of 6 patients with foveal damage from solar retinopathy in 1 year.

115 ng to persistent/recurrent edema and related foveal damage.

116 ation with CFT, IRT, ORT, foveal SCP-VD, and foveal DCP-VD and a significant positive correlation wit

117 n group I, CFT, IRT, ORT, foveal SCP-VD, and foveal DCP-VD were significantly greater than those in t

118 In 60 eyes with normal foveal definition and 32 eyes with poorly defined fovea,

119 In the group of patients with poor foveal definition, the precision of P-DFA changed from 3

120 determine its performance in eyes with poor foveal definition.

121 perimeter of a circle with equal area), and foveal density (FD-300; vessel density in 300 mum around

122 4 eyes, 22.1%) ERMs were mild and thin and a foveal depression was present.

123 g of the outer nuclear layer and loss of the foveal depression.

124 of outer retinal layers after vitrectomy for foveal detachment associated with optic disc pit.

125 Foveal detachment can influence the OCT detectability of

126 Photoreceptor regeneration after foveal detachment surgery has been already described onl

127 The foveal detachment was successfully reattached with compl

128 15-year-old boy with deep optic disc pit and foveal detachment, before and for 10 years after vitrect

129 ng older age, higher prevalence of male sex, foveal detachment, grade C proliferative vitreoretinopat

130 kic RD, including greater age, more frequent foveal detachment, PVR, and greater RD extent.

131 f the ILM drape sign occurred with bilateral foveal detachments in a patient with MacTel 2.

132 impairment over two months due to bilateral foveal detachments.

133 To characterize and quantify early foveal development in preterm infants and to compare thi

134 eflect abnormalities resulting from delay in foveal development that may be impacted by macular edema

135 e results showed considerable variability in foveal development within a family carrying the same PAX

136 y in SLS may initially comprise an arrest in foveal development.

137 eptor length, outer segment (OS) length, and foveal developmental index (FDI; a ratio of inner layers

138 FT), horizontal and vertical extent of DRIL, foveal DRIL (>500 mum DRIL) hyperreflective foci (HRF),

139 Eight corresponding regions at foveal eccentricities of 2.5 degrees (ecc 2.5 degrees )

140 Eight corresponding regions at foveal eccentricities of 2.5 degrees (ecc 2.5) and 6.5 d

141 ight motion signals across a narrow range of foveal eccentricities rather than uniformly over the who

142 ers (foveolitis) (24 eyes; 75%), and conical foveal elevation (22 eyes; 68.75%).

143 dual B-AF island size (P < .0001), length of foveal ellipsoid zone (P = .03), foveal thickness (P = .

144 aled partial to complete preservation of the foveal ELM, EZ, and IZ.

145 ng requires that cone elongation accompanies foveal expansion, this degradation helps explain why the

146 h unilateral idiopathic MHs, we examined the foveal floor size of the fellow eye to evaluate its rela

147 Foveal floor width (FFW) and minimal foveal thickness de

148 Foveal floor width of the fellow eye in patients with a

149 Foveal floor width was correlated with MLD (r = 0.36; P

150 Foveal function is relatively preserved until the fifth

151 etinal thinning, development or worsening of foveal GA, and increased lesion size are important contr

152 dence or worsening of 8 pathologic features (foveal GA, foveal scar, foveal CNV, SHRM, foveal IRF, re

153 canonically viewed as a controller of extra-foveal gaze.

154 ial looking was inferior to VA prediction by foveal grading (PL: r = 0.42, F = 3.12, P < 0.03).

155 Visual acuity predicted by foveal grading was compared with prediction by PL, the c

156 s lesions (92%), FA hyperfluorescence (92%), foveal granularity (74%), vitreous cell (53%), and optic

157 Baseline foveal HEs were associated with worse vision outcomes, a

158 there was a significant association between foveal HFONL-IS complex thinning and scotopic b-wave amp

159 A foveal holographic display is composed of a spatial ligh

160 ns were segmented to analyze the severity of foveal hypoplasia (FH) and to measure retinal layer thic

161 ndus imaging may be a distinctive feature of foveal hypoplasia and can support this diagnosis, especi

162 a glutamine transporter gene associated with foveal hypoplasia and optic nerve misrouting without pig

163 graded using our 6-point grading system for foveal hypoplasia and were segmented for quantitative an

164 ontal diameter of the largest outer ring and foveal hypoplasia grades (P < 0.0001).

165 55 128 cones/mm(2) with overlap between the foveal hypoplasia grades.

166 cy in 1 eye, cataract in 9 eyes (13.6%), and foveal hypoplasia in 4 eyes.

167 Structural OCT scans were consistent with foveal hypoplasia in all patients.

168 OCT angiograms suggest that foveal hypoplasia is a phenocopy of grade 1 NCMD, torped

169 neous family with three children affected by foveal hypoplasia with infantile nystagmus, following an

170 Foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation defects and a

171 Grade of foveal hypoplasia, quantitative parameters (photorecepto

172 PAX6 mutations) which exhibit a spectrum of foveal hypoplasia, SLC38A8 mutations have arrest of reti

173 functional variability within each grade of foveal hypoplasia, underlines the importance of advancin

174 ns, characterized by infantile nystagmus and foveal hypoplasia.

175 f SC organization: an over-representation of foveal information, size-invariant population codes, cas

176 No treatment scar showed gliosis, foveal involvement, or retinal traction at 1-year follow

177 a, convex solidity, eccentricity, roundness, foveal involvement, perimeter, and circularity) were sig

178 In the case of foveal involvement, the loss of visual acuity lagged beh

179 s (foveal GA, foveal scar, foveal CNV, SHRM, foveal IRF, retinal thinning, CNV lesion area, and GA ar

180 ibe the presence of continuous ectopic inner foveal layers associated with epiretinal membranes (ERMs

181 ere associated with continuous ectopic inner foveal layers crossing the entire foveal area.

182 The presence of continuous ectopic inner foveal layers was identified in 63 out of 194 eyes (32.5

183 The presence of ectopic inner foveal layers was negatively correlated with the presenc

184 and associated with continuous ectopic inner foveal layers.

185 ed with a drastic impairment at the opposite foveal location, just a few arcminutes away.

186 presented high-acuity stimuli at predefined foveal locations right before microsaccade execution.

187 ingly, the occipital pole (OP), representing foveal locations, showed higher activation for tactile t

188 The mechanism for the foveal M/long-wavelength cone photoreceptor degeneration

189 ) is protective, whereas individuals with a "foveal macular pigment dip" (FMPD) are at increased risk

190 High foveal macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is protect

191 ged by the discovery that it has an expanded foveal magnification, comparable to that in primary visu

192 rrested development stage in the timeline of foveal maturation.

193 We suggest renaming the condition outer foveal microdefect instead of macular microhole, which i

194 Outer foveal microdefects were observed in association with va

195 Foveal microstructure reconstructive changes were evalua

196 valuate reconstructive anatomical changes in foveal microstructure using spectral-domain optical cohe

197 Restoration of foveal microstructure was significantly higher in the Gr

198 inhibition minimally shaped the responses of foveal midget ganglion cells.

199 umed that various injuries led to changes in foveal morphologic features and that a full recovery of

200 ) study evaluates serum factors that protect foveal MPOD architecture in Caucasian offspring of paren

201 Foveal Muller cells may play an integral role in the tra

202 Successive 3 x 3 mm foveal OCTA images of 13 healthy eyes were obtained on t

203 cade depends on its efficacy in reducing the foveal offset.

204 hyperreflective vitreous opacities within 5 foveal or parafoveal B-scans (vitreous opacity ratio).

205 on, the central macular thickness (CMT), the foveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, and tomograp

206 from the superficial capillary plexus in the foveal, parafoveal, and full macular regions and foveal

207 loci; 51 evaluable eyes) was 7.7 dB and for foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal loci were 20.2, 11.8,

208 At presentation Significant foveal pathology was identified on SD-OCT in 10 eyes, Al

209 ollowing characteristics: (1) atrophy of the foveal photoreceptor layer with or without associated su

210 e quality for all participants compared with foveal photoreceptors.

211 Results show that foveal pit and FAZ metrics were not related to age, axia

212 arrested retinal development with lack of a foveal pit and no cone photoreceptor outer segment lengt

213 ntrol eyes and eyes with fragmented FAZs for foveal pit depth, pit area, and total PICA (P < 0.001, P

214 aging to quantify foveal point thickness and foveal pit diameter, depth, and slope.

215 While foveal avascular zone and foveal pit metrics did not significantly differ with age

216 These results suggest FAZ and foveal pit metrics do not systematically differ with age

217 Foveal pit morphologic features are highly symmetrical w

218 h (FFW) and minimal foveal thickness defined foveal pit morphologic features of the fellow eye.

219 and spacing, foveal avascular zone size, and foveal pit morphometry to investigate potential structur

220 d data examining cone photoreceptor density, foveal pit shape, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size i

221 cal coherence tomography imaging to quantify foveal point thickness and foveal pit diameter, depth, a

222 te projection neurons in the high-resolution foveal portions, suggesting rapid relay of motion inform

223 otal ganglion cell population outside of the foveal region and their proportion increased with eccent

224 n amblyopia-like state develops in which the foveal region of one eye is suppressed due to inputs fro

225 esolution of the imager, particularly in the foveal region, is not compromised by stretching or creas

226 ntricity, from around 1.0 patch/mm(2) in the foveal representation to 0.6 patch/mm(2) at the represen

227 he occipital pole (OP), corresponding to the foveal representation, even though the stimulus was unse

228 with size increasing with distance from the foveal representation.

229 stellate neurons were distributed mainly in foveal representations, while pyramidal morphologies wer

230 The central (foveal) retina takes about 30 milliseconds longer to sig

231 On univariate analysis, presentation age, foveal retinoblastoma (at initial examination), use of T

232 the foveal center and the nasal and temporal foveal rims.

233 Foveal ROI were analyzed to detect suspended scattering

234 er, PLEX Elite 9000 identified SSPiM in more foveal ROIs than the AngioVue in the SCP (p = 0.005) and

235 by the goals of the task, takes place at the foveal scale.

236 High-definition enhanced depth imaging foveal scans were obtained using Zeiss Cirrus HD-5000 An

237 New foveal scar, CNV, intraretinal fluid, SHRM and retinal t

238 rsening of 8 pathologic features (foveal GA, foveal scar, foveal CNV, SHRM, foveal IRF, retinal thinn

239 ant negative correlation with CFT, IRT, ORT, foveal SCP-VD, and foveal DCP-VD and a significant posit

240 In group I, CFT, IRT, ORT, foveal SCP-VD, and foveal DCP-VD were significantly grea

241 e (P = .03), foveal thickness (P = .04), and foveal sensitivity (P = .01).

242 area of geographic atrophy (GA) and residual foveal sparing (FS), and to identify the minimum FS and

243 morphologic features with time, and relative foveal sparing and also has a peripheral retinal locatio

244 532 nm and 787 nm light by macular pigment, foveal sparing was more readily demonstrable by green/UW

245 tly to GA lesion enlargement due to possible foveal sparing, alternative assessments are being explor

246 d that is correlated to STGD1, later AO, and foveal sparing.

247 ired for unhindered reading in patients with foveal-sparing GA.

248 ong the temporal horizontal meridian, taking foveal spatial distortions (postreceptoral displacements

249 Loss of foveal specialization features such as outer segment len

250 demographics, duration of RRD, area of RRD, foveal status, method of subretinal fluid drainage, reti

251 cibility were excellent and unconditioned by foveal status.

252 ccades are primarily used to explore complex foveal stimuli and to optimize fine spatial vision in th

253 etinal injection with avoidance of excessive foveal stretching and macular hole formation.

254 this study was to determine whether overall foveal structure differs as a function of age and refrac

255 We assessed overall foveal structure in children as young as 5.8 years old b

256 om this study suggest that visual acuity and foveal structure in patients with RP are preserved into

257 ng is increased in advanced disease, central foveal structure is maintained until late stages of dise

258 The morphological and vascular foveal structures in early school-age children who were

259 ractor conditions, by adjusting an identical foveal target.

260 bias were associated with brain regions with foveal tendencies (e.g. fusiform gyrus), and activations

261 29%; p<0.001) and greater reduction in total foveal thickness (-266microm vs -158u; p<0.001).

262 the minimum angle of resolution; P = 0.136), foveal thickness (285 +/- 109 mum vs. 299 +/- 103mum; P

263 ize (3.3 vs 2.4 DA; p <0.001), greater total foveal thickness (522microm vs 452microm; p<0.001), more

264 ntraretinal or subretinal fluid with central foveal thickness (CFT) equal to or greater than central

265 main endpoint was the change of the central foveal thickness (CFT) obtained by optical coherence tom

266 Central foveal thickness (CFT), inner retinal thickness (IRT), o

267 ent surgery, was the thinning of the central foveal thickness (CFT, P < .001).

268 2-0.59) predicted BCVA >=20/40; high central foveal thickness (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04) and norma

269 , length of foveal ellipsoid zone (P = .03), foveal thickness (P = .04), and foveal sensitivity (P =

270 Foveal floor width (FFW) and minimal foveal thickness defined foveal pit morphologic features

271 fewer adjunct patients had CMO (42.7%) or a foveal thickness of >300 mum (47.6%) compared with contr

272 or more improvement in DRSS achieved central foveal thickness of 250 mum or less, compared with 65.2%

273 With persistent VMTS, vision and central foveal thickness remained unchanged.

274 At 1 month, the mean (SE) change in central foveal thickness was +9.6 (7.2) mum in treated eyes and

275 x (FDI; a ratio of inner layers versus total foveal thickness).

276 or better); (2) cystoid macular edema (CMO), foveal thickness, and macular volume; (3) development of

277 Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal thickness, treatment interval, and total number o

278 th better presenting visual acuities, lesser foveal thicknesses, and no associated PMMs; vision signi

279 gration of the TZs to the foveal center with foveal thinning and structural disorganization heralded

280 ochemical studies revealed that the specific foveal thinning reflected the topography of AQP4 express

281 Foveal atrophy showed encompassed foveal thinning, retinal pigment epithelial clumping, an

282 associated with decreasing values of logMAR, foveal threshold, and QoL and with increasing color visi

283 change was found for VA, color vision score, foveal threshold, mean deviation of VF, and QoL.

284 more morphologic and functional loss at the foveal to parafoveal region, whereas the MS patients sho

285 n increasing decoding accuracy gradient from foveal to peripheral regions.

286 Foveal tomograms were graded using our 6-point grading s

287 Children with presumed foveal toxoplasmosis scars who underwent amblyopia treat

288 nefits of amblyopia therapy in children with foveal toxoplasmosis scars.

289 nce of the lesions in patients with presumed foveal toxoplasmosis, visual potential may be better tha

290 rk shows biased functional connectivity with foveal V1, while the proto scene network shows biased fu

291 Foveal versus perifoveal loci (P < .001) and superior ve

292 ion that preserves specialized processing of foveal versus peripheral visual information.

293 ase, which may contribute to preservation of foveal vision in eyes with MAK-related retinal degenerat

294 As a result, during fixation, foveal vision is constantly being reshaped both in space

295 bring relevant information into high-acuity foveal vision.

296 sitivity declines sharply in peripheral (vs. foveal) vision and is typically worse in the upper (vs.

297 mbine two display modules for peripheral and foveal visions.

298 ately random, with a modest bias toward more foveal voxels.

299 sen, hyperpigmentation, location of atrophy (foveal vs. extrafoveal), and multifocal lesions.

300 T-based morphologic features in the 1500-mum foveal zone were analyzed by masked graders for disorgan