ライフサイエンスコーパス: gastric mill

1 an herbivory, such as stomach contents and a gastric mill.

2 ic feeding-related networks (pyloric, ~1 Hz; gastric mill, ~0.1 Hz).

3 ric and medial gastric motor neurons and the gastric mill 6a and 9 (gm6a, gm9) muscles and between th

4 Under these conditions the much slower gastric mill and cardiac sac networks of the stomatogast

5 ause MCN1 stimulation conjointly excites the gastric mill and pyloric rhythms, the gastric mill rhyth

6 a multifunctional network that generates the gastric mill and pyloric rhythms.

7 neurons arrayed into two different networks (gastric mill and pyloric), each of which produces a dist

8 stric (LPG) neuron to switch to dual pyloric/gastric mill bursting.

9 astric mill rhythm and, at these times, is a gastric mill central pattern generator (CPG) neuron.

10 onic stimulation activates and modulates the gastric mill (chewing) and pyloric (filtering of chewed

11 addressing this issue in the network-driven, gastric mill (chewing) circuit in the crab stomatogastri

12 chanisms in this latter situation, using the gastric mill (chewing) CPG in the crab (Cancer borealis)

13 The STNS includes the gastric mill (chewing) motor circuit in the stomatogastr

14 tric ganglion (STG), where they activate the gastric mill (chewing) motor circuit.

15 commissure (POC) neurons trigger a specific gastric mill (chewing) motor pattern in the stomatogastr

16 stretch receptor (GPR) neuron, regulates the gastric mill (chewing) motor rhythm.

17 r (GPR) proprioceptor neuron on the biphasic gastric mill (chewing) rhythm driven by the projection n

18 ulates the biphasic (protraction/retraction) gastric mill (chewing) rhythm driven by the projection n

19 ly that pyrokinin (PK) peptides activate the gastric mill (chewing) rhythm without the participation

20 ns of the biphasic (protraction, retraction) gastric mill (chewing) rhythm, triggered in the isolated

21 ntified projection neurons that regulate the gastric mill circuit in the stomatogastric nervous syste

22 s in the stomato gastric ganglion, where the gastric mill circuit is located.

23 STG synapse from the pyloric circuit to the gastric mill circuit is not necessary for pyloric regula

24 ed synapse from the pyloric circuit onto the gastric mill circuit is pivotal for determining the gast

25 activated conductance (G(MI)) as MCN1 in the gastric mill circuit neuron lateral gastric (LG).

26 of mechanosensory neurons that activates the gastric mill circuit.

27 ic mechanisms.(22-25) Here, we use these two gastric mill circuits to determine whether such circuits

28 euron on the rhythmically active pyloric and gastric mill circuits within the stomatogastric ganglion

29 motor pattern, despite configuring different gastric mill circuits.

30 hunting of the dendritic signals in the main gastric mill CPG neuron.

31 c pacemaker neuron anterior burster onto the gastric mill CPG was necessary only for generation of th

32 ntified projection neurons that regulate the gastric mill CPG, in the crab stomatogastric nervous sys

33 ng rhythmic motor activity in the crustacean gastric mill CPG.

34 e is an integer number of pyloric cycles per gastric mill cycle (integer coupling).

35 of MCN1, the pyloric circuit regulates both gastric mill cycle frequency and gastropyloric coordinat

36 mill circuit is pivotal for determining the gastric mill cycle period and the gastric-pyloric rhythm

37 to be necessary for production of the normal gastric mill cycle period.

38 c mill neuron, delayed the start of the next gastric mill cycle until after the imposed hyperpolariza

39 ations of pyloric neuron activity induced by gastric mill (cycle period, approximately 10 sec) activi

40 However, previously we showed that the Gastric Mill (GM) neuron in the crustacean stomatogastri

41 ths (CV = 0.4) and branching patterns in the Gastric Mill (GM) neuron, an identified neuron type with

42 2-cell reciprocally inhibitory networks from gastric mill (GM) neurons of the crab stomatogastric gan

43 spike voltage threshold) of dorsal gastric, gastric mill, lateral pyloric, and pyloric dilator neuro

44 howed that rhythmically stimulating GPR in a gastric mill-like pattern, in the isolated STNS, elicits

45 ommissural neuron 1 (MCN1) is activated, the gastric mill motor pattern is generated by interactions

46 borealis pyrokinin) peptide elicits the same gastric mill motor pattern, despite configuring differen

47 We first establish that distinct gastric mill motor patterns are triggered by separate st

48 A prominent feature that distinguishes these gastric mill motor patterns is the LG (lateral gastric)

49 nerates multiple versions of the pyloric and gastric mill motor patterns.

50 The gastric mill motor rhythm breaks down, and several gastr

51 he STG is both rapid and reversible, and the gastric mill motor rhythm is restored when the ganglion

52 in the crab stomatogastric ganglion (STG), a gastric mill network neuron presynaptically inhibits tra

53 olarization of pyloric pacemaker neurons and gastric mill network neurons, we found that LPG pyloric-

54 ntirely by the interaction of neurons in the gastric mill network, can be strongly influenced by inhi

55 ric coordination via a direct synapse onto a gastric mill neuron in the STG.

56 bly hyperpolarizing LG or Int1, but no other gastric mill neuron, delayed the start of the next gastr

57 ity of the same two, reciprocally inhibitory gastric mill neurons [LG, Int1 (interneuron 1)].

58 ion neurons, MPN removes excitatory drive to gastric mill neurons and elicits an MPN-specific pyloric

59 urons in the crab inhibited some pyloric and gastric mill neurons and, with inputs from the commissur

60 ause MCN1 and CPN2 have different actions on gastric mill neurons, these manipulations resulted in rh

61 als of MCN1, reducing MCN1 excitation of all gastric mill neurons.

62 Using the well-studied gastric mill pattern generator of the crab, we show that

63 Surprisingly, the change of the gastric mill period produced by the pyloric input to the

64 However, during the gastric mill protraction phase, MCN1/CPN2 exhibit pylori

65 ulations to establish that CCAP prolongs the gastric mill protractor (LG) phase and maintains the ret

66 ally appropriate pattern (active during each gastric mill retractor phase) influences an ongoing gast

67 ne, GPR stimulation selectively prolongs the gastric mill retractor phase, via presynaptic inhibition

68 These circuits generate the gastric mill rhythm (cycle period, approximately 10 sec)

69 the fast pyloric rhythm (~1 Hz) and the slow gastric mill rhythm (~0.1 Hz) are precisely coordinated

70 rustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG), the gastric mill rhythm and the pyloric rhythm.

71 ntide I present, MCN1 no longer elicited the gastric mill rhythm and the resulting pyloric rhythm was

72 t contain the PK peptide, also activates the gastric mill rhythm and, at these times, is a gastric mi

73 heir actions on STG neurons, they elicit the gastric mill rhythm as well as modify the pyloric rhythm

74 The VCN neurons also elicit the gastric mill rhythm by coactivating MCN1 and CPN2, but t

75 ely, the GPR and VCN neurons each elicit the gastric mill rhythm by coactivating MCN1 and CPN2.

76 ental model to explore the activation of the gastric mill rhythm by the modulatory commissural neuron

77 Here we establish that CabPK drives gastric mill rhythm generation by activating in the LG n

78 model was inspired by the activation of the gastric mill rhythm in the crab stomatogastric ganglion

79 In contrast, the gastric mill rhythm in the STG can be generated by disti

80 e, we show that the GPR neurons activate the gastric mill rhythm in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG)

81 tivating MCN1 and CPN2, but the GPR-elicited gastric mill rhythm is distinct.

82 The POC-triggered gastric mill rhythm is shaped by feedback inhibition ont

83 mill retractor phase) influences an ongoing gastric mill rhythm via actions in the stomato gastric g

84 us the VCN mechanosensory system elicits the gastric mill rhythm via its activation of a subset of th

85 e pattern, in the isolated STNS, elicits the gastric mill rhythm via its activation of two identified

86 PN), a projection neuron that suppresses the gastric mill rhythm via its inhibitory actions on MCN1 a

87 hen GPR is instead stimulated during the VCN-gastric mill rhythm, it slows this rhythm.

88 uently, during each protraction phase of the gastric mill rhythm, presynaptic inhibition suppresses M

89 trates that the period of the MCN1-activated gastric mill rhythm, which was thought to be determined

90 es the gastric mill and pyloric rhythms, the gastric mill rhythm-timed presynaptic inhibition of MCN1

91 We showed previously that the gastric mill rhythm-timed presynaptic inhibition of the

92 thm, we have now found that MPN inhibits the gastric mill rhythm.

93 weakens or eliminates the GPR effect on the gastric mill rhythm.

94 and reduces the GPR ability to regulate the gastric mill rhythm.

95 ssary only for generation of the PK-elicited gastric mill rhythm.

96 e initiation/maintenance of the VCN-elicited gastric mill rhythm.

97 CPN2, VCN stimulation failed to activate the gastric mill rhythm.

98 and firing frequencies, elicited a VCN-like gastric mill rhythm.

99 er MCN1 or CPN2 still enabled a VCN-elicited gastric mill rhythm.

100 n MCN1 and CPN2, to inhibit the GPR-elicited gastric mill rhythm.

101 uit with a second pathway for regulating the gastric mill rhythm.

102 not necessary for pyloric regulation of the gastric mill rhythm.

103 odified the pyloric rhythm and activated the gastric mill rhythm.

104 icits a distinct pyloric rhythm as well as a gastric mill rhythm.

105 euron and enabled full expression of the POC-gastric mill rhythm.

106 ic rhythm and indirect MPN inhibition of the gastric mill rhythm.

107 bition of projection neurons that excite the gastric mill rhythm.

108 over, only one of them (MCN1) also elicits a gastric mill rhythm.

109 pid pyloric rhythm and a considerably slower gastric mill rhythm.

110 l commissure (POC) neurons] trigger distinct gastric mill rhythms despite acting via the same project

111 are comparable, in contrast to the distinct gastric mill rhythms elicited by other input pathways.

112 Here, we show that the gastric mill rhythms elicited by PK superfusion and MCN1

113 ction neurons that influence the pyloric and gastric mill rhythms have been studied.

114 hanisms underlying the PK- and MCN1-elicited gastric mill rhythms that are distinct, including additi

115 y, these distinct circuits produce different gastric mill rhythms.

116 traction phase of the VCN- and POC-triggered gastric mill rhythms.

117 which persists for the same duration as POC-gastric mill rhythms.

118 at produces many versions of the pyloric and gastric mill rhythms.

119 imed oscillations do not require any pyloric/gastric mill synaptic input and are voltage-dependent.

120 period produced by the pyloric input to the gastric mill system can be many times larger than the pe

121 However, LPG gastric mill-timed oscillations do not require any pylor

122 t in some pyloric muscles showing prominent, gastric mill-timed, changes in either phasic or tonic co