ライフサイエンスコーパス: geranylgeranyl

1 n of mevalonate, the metabolic precursor for geranylgeranyl.

2 Once inside the female, geranylgeranyl acetate is progressively converted to ger

3 minal fluids containing myristyl acetate and geranylgeranyl acetate.

4 ds, we show that PDEdelta specifically binds geranylgeranyl and farnesyl moieties with a Kd of 19.06

5 the isoprenoid of gamma(1) from farnesyl to geranylgeranyl and of gamma(2) from geranylgeranyl to fa

6 LCK: myristoyl, palmitoyl, palmitoyl), RhoA (geranylgeranyl), and K-Ras (farnesyl) proteins in differ

7 rivatives of isopentenyl, geranyl, farnesyl, geranylgeranyl, and presqualene.

8 he specific prenyl modification (farnesyl or geranylgeranyl), as well as the prenyl-transferases invo

9 94 of the RhoGDIalpha are located within the geranylgeranyl binding pocket, suggesting that halothane

10 e K-Ras4B can be alternatively modified with geranylgeranyl (C20).

11 st that halothane binds to a site within the geranylgeranyl chain binding pocket of RhoGDIalpha, wher

12 located in the vicinity of, but outside, the geranylgeranyl chain binding pocket, suggesting that the

13 uble bonds and branched methyl groups of the geranylgeranyl chain significantly restrict the number o

14 Supporting this, N-acetyl-geranylgeranyl cysteine enhanced E193 photolabeling by 3

15 that the cleavage product of the GTPases is geranylgeranyl cysteine methyl ester.

16 Supporting this, N-acetyl-geranylgeranyl cysteine reversed tryptophan quenching by

17 ession, suggesting that the effect of SMV is geranylgeranyl dependent.

18 A photoprobe analog of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropi

19 complex cyclization-rearrangement of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (8, GGPP) to a mixture of abi

20 Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) is the prenyl donor fo

21 r for protein geranylgeranylation reactions, geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP), is the product of the

22 ilic substitution reaction between the C(20) geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and a protein-derived

23 of approximately 55 carbons in length using geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and isopentenyl diphos

24 Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) are branch point inter

25 diphosphates farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) are intermediates in t

26 In plants, farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) are precursors to many

27 hypothesis, the current study identifies C20 geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) as a precursor for lyc

28 alized) metabolism via cycloisomerization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) by diterpene synthases

29 (MpGPS.SSU) on production of monoterpene and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) diversities, and plant

30 LSU produced GPP, farnesyl diphosphate, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) from dimethylallyl dip

31 PS2) of specialized metabolism that converts geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into labda-7,13E-dieny

32 Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is a key precursor of

33 logues suggests that the C-10 locus of bound geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is in close proximity

34 es a bifunctional farnesyl diphosphate (FPP)/geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase (TgFPPS) that

35 uced elsewhere in the plant cell derive from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthesized by GGPP sy

36 clization of the linear isoprenoid substrate geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to form taxa-4(5),11(1

37 talyzes the condensation of two molecules of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to give prephytoene di

38 lation of (S)-glyceryl phosphate [(S)-GP] by geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to produce (S)-geranyl

39 ynthase catalyzes the cyclization of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to taxa-4(5),11(12)-di

40 bon farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), or 20-carbon geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) via a dioxygenase- or

41 phate (GPP), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) were synthesized.

42 Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), a prenyl diphosphate

43 ynthase catalyzes the synthesis of all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), an isoprenoid used fo

44 te synthase (CPS), whose substrate, (E,E,E,)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), is also a direct prec

45 nthesis, is composed of a chlorin ring and a geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP)-derived isoprenoid, wh

46 est the catalytically active conformation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP).

47 ne synthase-catalyzed cyclization of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP, 7) to taxadiene (5) is

48 etic evaluation of abietadiene synthase with geranylgeranyl diphosphate and (+)-copalyl diphosphate p

49 l, mechanistically distinct cyclizations, of geranylgeranyl diphosphate and of copalyl diphosphate, i

50 sidues deleted from the preprotein converted geranylgeranyl diphosphate and the intermediate (+)-copa

51 Plastidial TPS-a enzymes using the 20-carbon geranylgeranyl diphosphate are known from other plant fa

52 nechocystis sp. PCC 6803 HPT was active with geranylgeranyl diphosphate as a substrate.

53 nant Escherichia coli-expressed protein used geranylgeranyl diphosphate as substrate and catalyzed th

54 ivity of wild-type abietadiene synthase with geranylgeranyl diphosphate as substrate.

55 for renal function, identifying dysregulated geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthesis as a potential d

56 Crystallographic analysis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate bound to PFTase shows that th

57 iphosphate, which is made from the all-trans geranylgeranyl diphosphate by copal-8-ol diphosphate syn

58 ps from the universal diterpenoid progenitor geranylgeranyl diphosphate derived by the plastidial met

59 the new enzymes catalysed the cyclisation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate into 11-hydroxy vulgarisane,

60 tional class I diTPS PxaTPS8, which converts geranylgeranyl diphosphate into a previously unknown 5,7

61 In M. tuberculosis, however, omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate is not utilized for the synth

62 decaprenyl diphosphate, and the omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate is utilized by a membrane-ass

63 fold), and in planta geranyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate levels (4- to 8-fold) were si

64 ZmCCD1 did not cleave geranylgeranyl diphosphate or phytoene but did cleave ot

65 hosphate synthase, shown here to produce the geranylgeranyl diphosphate precursor, providing a critic

66 hesis and forces reevaluation of the role of geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase in tocopherol biosy

67 of modifying the chain length specificity of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (but not, apparently

68 gal IDSs, putative ILTPSs that belong to the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) family of ID

69 sed on the development of inhibitors against geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), which gener

70 rotein that could be identified as the mouse geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPP synthase) base

71 Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) is a central

72 h-rescue" and enzyme-inhibition experiments, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) is shown to

73 large subunit, which may be either an active geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) or an inacti

74 Bisphosphonates are inhibitors of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), a metalloen

75 of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), the two enz

76 report the inhibition of a human recombinant geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPSase) by 23 bis

77 oding geranyl diphosphate synthase (LiGPPS), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (LiGGPPS) and farnes

78 way by generating combinatorial mutations in geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase and levopimaradiene

79 tional spruce IDS, a geranyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase in white spruce (Pic

80 acts with a catalytic large subunit, such as geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, and determines its

81 e known to serve as inhibitors of the enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, and their activity

82 including farnesyl diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, that catalyzes the

83 Unlike farnesyl diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, which are homodimer

84 ics of both geranyl diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase.

85 thaliana genome predicts 12 genes to encode geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS).

86 -erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway genes, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases 3 (GGPPS3) and GGPP

87 ll subunit with the phylogenetically distant geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases from Taxus canadens

88 f amino acid sequence identity (56-75%) with geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases of plant origin.

89 eam pathways for isopentenyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthesis and the downstream

90 tive sites, the first for the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (+)-copalyl diphosphate an

91 se residues in catalyzing the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (+)-copalyl diphosphate.

92 y distinct cyclizations in the conversion of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to a mixture of abietadiene d

93 g diterpene cyclases that together transform geranylgeranyl diphosphate to ent-kaurene, the olefin pr

94 converts the universal diterpenoid precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate to syn-CPP catalyzes the comm

95 ynthesis of Taxol involve the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene fol

96 atalyzes the transfer of a prenyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the carboxy-terminal cyste

97 oth the protonation-initiated cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the intermediate (+)-copal

98 hase) for conversion of the acyclic, achiral geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the polycyclic, chiral abi

99 , converts the universal diterpene precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the stable bicyclic interm

100 The first reaction converts geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the stable bicyclic interm

101 The Km value of SlGLS for geranylgeranyl diphosphate was 18.7 microm, with a turno

102 ate from the universal diterpenoid precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate was also mapped to this same

103 hway-intermediates, farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, also reduced endometrial cel

104 ays use [(3)H]farnesyl diphosphate and [(3)H]geranylgeranyl diphosphate, electrophoretic mobility shi

105 ich is produced from the substrate all-trans geranylgeranyl diphosphate, represents a so far unidenti

106 f lipid groups from farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, respectively, to a cysteine

107 ranyl diphosphate, farnesyl diphosphate, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, to the parent structures of

108 ega,E,Z-farnesyl diphosphate, or omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate, with Km values for the allyl

109 or 5',6' bond positions of lycopene but not geranylgeranyl diphosphate, zeta-carotene, or phytoene.

110 oding isoprenoid isopentenyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate-producing enzymes, DXS3, DXR,

111 aker responses to farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

112 e formation of both farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

113 e bond of the universal diterpene precursor, geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

114 in the cytosol that synthesizes omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

115 the first bifunctional farnesyl-diphosphate/geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase identified in eukary

116 o enzymes, farnesyl-diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase, required for the pr

117 de novo synthesis of phytyl-diphosphate from geranylgeranyl-diphosphate.

118 e inhibitor of the 20S proteasome, prevented geranylgeranyl-enhanced degradation of Rho proteins.

119 Instead, large amounts of geranylgeranyl fatty acid esters, known from various gym

120 1)gamma(2) complex required insertion of the geranylgeranyl group into the prenyl pocket in order to

121 Replacement of the geranylgeranyl group of the gamma2 subunit with farnesyl

122 say system to detect the attachment of [(3)H]geranylgeranyl groups to Rab was used.

123 Isoprenoids (i.e., farnesyl or geranylgeranyl groups) are attached to cysteine residues

124 Further, inhibitors of the transfer of geranylgeranyl isoprene units to protein targets cause s

125 n either a 15-carbon farnesyl or a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl isoprenoid covalently attached to cystein

126 n either a 15-carbon farnesyl or a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl isoprenoid covalently attached via a thio

127 Posttranslational addition of geranylgeranyl isoprenoid lipids to Rac proteins is requ

128 ase-catalyzed addition of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid lipids, Rce1-catalyzed endopro

129 nslational modification by both farnesyl and geranylgeranyl isoprenoid lipids.

130 In this study, we focused on the role of geranylgeranyl isoprenoids GGPP and geranylgeraniol (GGO

131 Our studies further demonstrated that geranylgeranyl isoprenoids increase the yield of APP-CTF

132 Our results indicate that geranylgeranyl isoprenoids may be an important physiolog

133 Providing geranylgeranyl isoprenoids or inhibiting caspase-1 preve

134 Consistent with this finding, the geranylgeranyl isoprenoids preferentially increase the y

135 Post-translational attachment of geranylgeranyl isoprenoids to Rab GTPases, the key organ

136 ting in the addition of either a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenyl lipid moiety to the cysteine re

137 These data demonstrate that inhibition of geranylgeranyl isoprenylation of CaaX proteins in the aq

138 RhoB in human TM cells, in part, by limiting geranylgeranyl isoprenylation of these G-proteins.

139 We found that N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine (AGGC) and N-acetyl-S-farnesyl

140 l-S-farnesyl-l-cysteine (AFC) and N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-l-cysteine (AGGC) in vitro.

141 th adenosine plus homocysteine or N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-l-cysteine decreased RhoA carboxyl methyl

142 r small molecule substrates (e.g. N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-l-cysteine).

143 -molecule Icmt substrates such as N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine.

144 that a previously undescribed biomolecule, S-geranylgeranyl-L-glutathione (GGG), is a potent P2RY8 li

145 e I (GGTase I) catalyzes the attachment of a geranylgeranyl lipid group near the carboxyl terminus of

146 ns are posttranslationally modified with two geranylgeranyl lipid moieties that enable their stable a

147 I) catalyze the attachment of a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl lipid, respectively, near the C-terminus

148 he modification of proteins with farnesyl or geranylgeranyl lipids, a process called protein prenylat

149 r membranes via posttranslationally attached geranylgeranyl lipids.

150 aining chimeric Ggamma chains with identical geranylgeranyl modification displayed rhodopsin affiniti

151 ince these molecules require modification by geranylgeranyl moieties for their cellular localization

152 es not have a preference for the farnesyl or geranylgeranyl moieties in the model substrates N-acetyl

153 y to use farnesol to label both farnesyl and geranylgeranyl moieties on proteins, differentiation spe

154 f either a 15-carbon farnesyl or a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl moiety in vitro.

155 Second, the geranylgeranyl moiety of Cdc42 inserts into a hydrophobi

156 ion inhibitor (RhoGDIalpha), which binds the geranylgeranyl moiety of GDP-bound Rho GTPases.

157 polybasic domain"), directly preceding their geranylgeranyl moiety, and it has been suggested that th

158 ately post-translationally modified with the geranylgeranyl moiety.

159 due in large part to their carboxyl-terminal geranylgeranyl moiety.

160 taining hydrophobic modifications other than geranylgeranyl or farnesyl do not bind with significant

161 ine nucleotides and their prenylation with a geranylgeranyl or farnesyl isoprenoid moiety and subsequ

162 Switching prenyl groups from farnesyl to geranylgeranyl or vice versa had little effect on bindin

163 h either the gamma(2) subunit (modified with geranylgeranyl) or the gamma(2-L71S) subunit (gamma(2) w

164 The retention times for farnesyl-peptide and geranylgeranyl-peptide are 8.4 and 16.9 min, respectivel

165 her with a 15-carbon farnesyl or a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl polyunsaturated lipid.

166 ults demonstrate that specific inhibition of geranylgeranyl prenylation causes a potent and selective

167 The findings indicate that inhibition of geranylgeranyl prenylation should be further studied as

168 going alternative prenylation by the related geranylgeranyl protein transferase I (GGPTase-I) in huma

169 Farnesyl protein transferase (FTase) or geranylgeranyl protein transferase I (GGTase I) were use

170 recombinant farnesyl protein transferase or geranylgeranyl protein transferase I are performed to co

171 tivity against farnesyl protein transferase, geranylgeranyl protein transferase I, FPP synthase, or G

172 racterized potent and specific inhibitors of geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGPTase I), a

173 ng little inhibitory activity against either geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGTase I) (K(

174 dification by the related prenyltransferase, geranylgeranyl:protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I).

175 uvastatin were reversed by mevalonic acid or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphatase, and mimicked by geranylg

176 esence of farnesyl pyrophosphate (10 muM) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (10 muM).

177 Addition of mevalonate (200 microM) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (5 microM) reversed the inh

178 isoprenoids farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) are synthetic precur

179 he isoprenyl precursors, mevalonic acid, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) attenuated the stati

180 fer with a lower efficiency than FPP whereas geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) does not transfer at

181 trations of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) in cultured cells.

182 nce that the FPP-derived, 20-carbon molecule geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is a potent endogeno

183 Synthesis of the metabolic intermediate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is required to speci

184 cessing and prevents RhoB upregulation while geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) restores Rap1a proce

185 ferase domain-containing protein-1) utilizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) to synthesize vitami

186 aused by mutations in UBIAD1, which utilizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) to synthesize vitami

187 The effects of mevalonate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), and farnesyl pyroph

188 d by farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) but not by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), implicating perturb

189 trong anion dependence were competitive with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), rather than with th

190 metabolites farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which are used for

191 in this article that downstream depletion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which is required f

192 evels of cholesterol and isoprenoids such as geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

193 bited by the upstream non-sterol isoprenoid, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

194 he acetate/mevalonic acid pathway leading to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

195 substrates (farnesyl pyrophosphate [FPP] and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate [GGPP]).

196 ation and was employed for detection of both geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and a secondary oxysterol s

197 ibitor lovastatin depletes cellular pools of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and farnesol pyrophosphate

198 rations of isoprenoid intermediates, such as geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate.

199 cretion and mRNA levels, effects reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and mimicked by inhibiting

200 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate appears to reduce ABCA1 exp

201 revented by mevalonate and by the isoprenoid geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not by cholesterol.

202 to simvastatin were blocked by mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not by farnesyl pyropho

203 nthesis pathway intermediates mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not squalene, indicatin

204 f simvastatin was reversed by mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not squalene, indicatin

205 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate derived from heterologous b

206 Supplementation of culture media with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate dramatically reversed the l

207 oli, to esterify bacteriochlorophyllide with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate in vitro, thereby generatin

208 y characterized step being the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate into casbene.

209 Pases with isoprenoid molecules derived from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate or farnesyl pyrophosphate i

210 Supplementation with mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate prevented, whereas inhibiti

211 However, treatment with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate resulted in a dose- and tim

212 L-Mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate reversed the effect, confir

213 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate selectively enhanced the de

214 of transcription 1), a downstream target of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate signaling, was enhanced.

215 ere we report the crystal structure of human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, the first mammali

216 enzymes farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase.

217 In particular, the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through the 3-hydroxy-3-met

218 Supply of the isoprenoid geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to oAbeta(42)-treated neuro

219 Addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to the culture medium resto

220 or farnesyl pyrophosphate and its derivative geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate were also increased in the

221 ects were absent in slices co-incubated with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a mevalonate product that

222 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a non-sterol intermediate

223 This inhibitory effect was reversed with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, an isoprenoid intermediate

224 Supplementation with mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not farnesyl pyrophosp

225 are completely reversed by mevalonate and by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, implicating geranylgeranyl

226 t Hmg2 degradation is the 20-carbon isoprene geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, rather than a sterol.

227 or the inhibition of tube formation, whereas geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, the substrate for the gera

228 ication by regulating the cellular levels of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, we demonstrate that the im

229 erase inhibitor and blocked by coexposure to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

230 ransferase inhibitors and by the addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

231 und to be reversible on supplementation with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

232 d endothelial apoptosis and were reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

233 at high concentrations that are reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

234 events toxicity induced by the Lxr inhibitor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

235 the presence or absence of mevalonate (MVA), geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP) and farnesyl-pyropho

236 We demonstrate that the isoprenoid geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP) mediates proliferati

237 nprecedented evidence that-like immune cells-geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate depletion and thus inhibiti

238 imvastatin was blocked after incubation with geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate to circumvent loss of isopr

239 n of isoprenoids (farnesyl-pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate) rather than cholesterol in

240 ersed by cotreatment with mevalonolactone or geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate, but not by farnesyl-pyroph

241 CT2256 encodes geranylgeranyl reductase (BchP); CT1232 is not involved

242 Initially, LIL3 was shown to interact with geranylgeranyl reductase (CHLP), an enzyme of terpene bi

243 t due to the decreasing transcript levels of geranylgeranyl reductase (GGDR) which restricts the isop

244 DGGR is a member of the geranylgeranyl reductase family that is also widely dist

245 thesis and signaling and on AZI1 Arabidopsis geranylgeranyl reductase1 mutants with reduced monoterpe

246 tural basis for the substrate specificity of geranylgeranyl reductases.

247 superfamily and have sequence similarity to geranylgeranyl reductases.

248 group on the gamma1 and gamma11 subunit with geranylgeranyl restored almost full activity.

249 lls, implying that a dependence on 20-carbon geranylgeranyl signals may be a common conserved feature

250 -specific inhibitor), however, abolished the geranylgeranyl-supplementation-induced recovery from the

251 geranyl (GSPP), (S)-farnesyl (FSPP), and (S)-geranylgeranyl thiodiphosphate (GGSPP) were prepared fro

252 nesyl to geranylgeranyl and of gamma(2) from geranylgeranyl to farnesyl had no impact on the affiniti

253 dition of farnesyl to the gamma2 subunit and geranylgeranyl to the gamma1 and gamma11 subunits.

254 Rabggta protein and Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTase) activity were reduce

255 f 20-carbon isoprenoid chains via the enzyme geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTase) II.

256 ein farnesyl transferase (FTase) and protein geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTase) inhibitors as cancer

257 While inhibitors of both geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTI) and farnesyl transfera

258 onstrated that coexpression of homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT), stacked with caroteno

259 cDNAs encoding homogentisic acid geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT), which catalyzes the c

260 initiated in monocot seeds by homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT).

261 Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RabGGTase) is responsible fo

262 FPPS (IC50 > 600 microM), but inhibited Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGGT) (IC50 = 16-35 microM)

263 bone affinity than 2 and weakly inhibits Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGGT), selectively preventin

264 of farnesyl transferase (such as Ras) and of geranylgeranyl transferase (such as RAP-1) were inhibite

265 Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of geranylgeranyl transferase 1 (GGT1) protein prenylation

266 change factor, GTPase activating protein, or geranylgeranyl transferase activity in vitro but promote

267 change factor, GTPase activating protein, or geranylgeranyl transferase activity.

268 hibitors of protein farnesyl transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase enzymes and in mutant mice hy

269 al modification that is catalyzed by protein geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTase I).

270 of either farnesyl transferase (FTI-277) or geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTI-298).

271 Inhibitors of geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTIs) are currently under

272 but not binucleation, was also caused by the geranylgeranyl transferase I inhibitor, GGTI-298, which

273 n important model for the study of substrate/geranylgeranyl transferase I interactions.

274 A reductase, or with an inhibitor of protein geranylgeranyl transferase I, each of which induced the

275 udy has suggested that FTIs act by targeting geranylgeranyl transferase II.

276 otein prenylation by farnesyl transferase or geranylgeranyl transferase in vitro, in cultured cells a

277 ein prenylation and blocking the activity of geranylgeranyl transferase induces a venous angiogenesis

278 anylgeranyl pyrophosphatase, and mimicked by geranylgeranyl transferase inhibition.

279 vastatin was reproduced by incubation with a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor and blocked by coex

280 nesyl transferase (FT) inhibitor FTI-276 and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor GGTI-298, and preny

281 ted by simvastatin, we demonstrated that the geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor replicated the effe

282 tion of FBXL2 localization with GGTi-2418, a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor, sensitizes xenotra

283 by inhibitors of geranylgeranyl-transferase (geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor-298) and downstream

284 ted with 2-10 microM of GGTI-298, a specific geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor.

285 the development of farnesyl transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs and GGTIs) a

286 geranylgeranylation either directly through geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitors or indirectly thro

287 lity of statins to block Rac1 prenylation as geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitors were effective in

288 rophosphate prevented, whereas inhibition of geranylgeranyl transferase mimicked, the effects of lova

289 treatment of Caco-2 cells with inhibitors of geranylgeranyl transferase or the Rho proteins significa

290 in geranylgeranylation, embryos deficient in geranylgeranyl transferase type I show germ cell migrati

291 Further, geranylgeranyl transferase, Rac1 or Cdc42 depletion redu

292 hibition of isoprenylation via reductions in geranylgeranyl transferase-1 activity as well as increas

293 h FTIs, they are alternatively prenylated by geranylgeranyl transferase-1.

294 substrates for farnesyl transferase but not geranylgeranyl transferase-1.

295 substrates for farnesyl transferase but not geranylgeranyl transferase-I.

296 hat it competes for lipid binding to the Rab geranylgeranyl transferase.

297 of lovastatin were mimicked by inhibitors of geranylgeranyl-transferase (geranylgeranyl transferase i

298 s of the alternative prenylation of K-Ras by geranylgeranyl-transferase I (when FTase is inhibited) i

299 overy of a fourth prenyl-transferase, namely geranylgeranyl-transferase-III (GGTase-III) (Kuchay et a

300 hydrophobic prenyl group (either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl), which localises the GTPase to cell memb