ライフサイエンスコーパス: gnathostome

1 time cranial evolution of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes).

2 cestral condition for all jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes).

3 invertebrate to vertebrate, and agnathan to gnathostome.

4 s of the UNC5 family have been identified in gnathostomes.

5 trans-acting mechanisms of Hox regulation in gnathostomes.

6 r assemblages composed almost exclusively of gnathostomes.

7 le trophic innovation among jaw-bearing stem gnathostomes.

8 iv) the alpha- and beta-chain hemoglobins of gnathostomes.

9 onomic nervous system of lampreys and modern gnathostomes.

10 sal vertebrate trait or a derived feature of gnathostomes.

11 y pathways in a basal vertebrate to those of gnathostomes.

12 ration of cranial neural crest patterning in gnathostomes.

13 enetic position between cephalochordates and gnathostomes.

14 populating the first pharyngeal arch in all gnathostomes.

15 pre-supposed shark-like aspects of ancestral gnathostomes.

16 ciated with jawed stem gnathostomes or crown gnathostomes.

17 onal program homologous to that described in gnathostomes.

18 originated in the common ancestor of extant gnathostomes.

19 tion of hinged jaws, the defining feature of gnathostomes.

20 ubsumed by vagal neural crest cells in early gnathostomes.

21 of convergent evolution between hagfish and gnathostomes.

22 atic Ramirosuarezia in a polytomy with crown gnathostomes.

23 ich is considered a derived feature of crown gnathostomes.

24 of trait evolution near the origin of modern gnathostomes.

25 lei revealed many shared features with other gnathostomes.

26 alis is processed in parallel streams, as in gnathostomes.

27 ent the common ancestral condition for crown gnathostomes.

28 mains difficult to polarize the condition in gnathostomes.

29 the otic capsules and the metotic fissure in gnathostomes.

30 t and evolution of jaw structure in advanced gnathostomes.

31 s the constraint on branchial arch number in gnathostomes(15).

32 agnathan) fish that is a sister group to the gnathostomes, a Hox gene is expressed in the mandibular

33 Gnathostome adaptive immunity is defined by the Ag recep

34 background, we test the ability of available gnathostome, agnathan, cephalochordate and insect tfap2

35 rgence of Otx1 and Otx2 took place after the gnathostome/agnathan divergence and does not correlate w

36 Unlike the paired-less Pax6 present in some gnathostomes, all three lamprey Pax6 have a highly conse

37 hat the last common ancestor of lampreys and gnathostomes already had well-defined otic anteroposteri

38 odire-like placoderms as models of primitive gnathostome anatomy and raise questions of homology rela

39 We suggest that the gnathostome ancestor possessed maxillae and premaxillae

40 teichthyans, chondrichthyans and their jawed gnathostome ancestors.

41 rspective they provide on chondrichthyan and gnathostome ancestral conditions.

42 Cambrian allo-tetraploidization (2R(JV)) in gnathostomes and a prolonged Cambrian-Ordovician hexaplo

43 In the hemoglobins of gnathostomes and cyclostomes, multisubunit quaternary st

44 cross-species regulatory comparisons between gnathostomes and lamprey, a jawless extant vertebrate, t

45 ust anterior-most bar, are characteristic of gnathostomes and so may be primitive within vertebrates.

46 s already independent of each other, like in gnathostomes and unlike in cyclostomes and osteostracans

47 to have arisen in a basal jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) and is the essential L chain that associate

48 he sister group of living jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and hence an important group for understan

49 ral precursor proteins in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and jawless fish (cyclostomes, represented

50 Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and jawless vertebrates (cyclostomes) have

51 st living vertebrates are jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), and the living jawless vertebrates (cyclo

52 rts the homology of gills in cyclostomes and gnathostomes, and a single origin of pharyngeal gills pr

53 most distant group to amniotes within extant gnathostomes, and comprise the crucial clade uniting amn

54 re similar to paired fin flaps in other stem gnathostomes, and specifically to the ventrolateral ridg

55 placoderms are the most plesiomorphic known gnathostomes, and the shared cranial architecture of art

56 tle was known about visceral arches in early gnathostomes, and theories about gill arch evolution wer

57 of endochondral ossification in early fossil gnathostomes appear to lend support to this conclusion.

58 ps between the different groups of Paleozoic gnathostomes are still debated, mainly because of incomp

59 This contrasts with the highly asymmetric gnathostome arrangement of three canals and several sepa

60 distic analyses have identified lampreys and gnathostomes as closest relatives, whereas molecular phy

61 a new genus and species of an early Silurian gnathostome based on isolated tooth whorls from Guizhou

62 , which diverged from the lineage leading to gnathostomes before the origin of paired appendages, and

63 nic eminence and rhombic lip, resembling the gnathostome brain.

64 logical diversification occurred only in the gnathostome but not in the cyclostome lineage, calling i

65 t of Nkx3.2 that is deeply conserved in most gnathostomes but undetectable in the jawless hagfish and

66 The AIS is present in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) but absent in all other taxa, including ja

67 unity, J chain emerged in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), but its origin has remained mysterious si

68 of a third semicircular canal and crista in gnathostomes, but also for the separation of the zones o

69 nternal fertilization could be primitive for gnathostomes, but such a conclusion depends on demonstra

70 Our data extend the record of toothed gnathostomes by 14 million years from the late Silurian

71 s of ECs that are shared between hagfish and gnathostomes can be inferred to have already been presen

72 Thus, comparisons between lampreys and gnathostomes can identify deeply conserved and evolution

73 brates and that the evolution of the jaw and gnathostome cellular cartilage was driven by changes dev

74 Whereas shark teeth retain the ancestral gnathostome character of continuous successional regener

75 le phylogenetic framework for the jawed stem gnathostomes collectively known as "placoderms".(1) Howe

76 SoxE regulators can be traced to the lamprey-gnathostome common ancestor and indicate that lamprey So

77 ionally interpreted to reflect the ancestral gnathostome condition but interpretations of osteichthya

78 tition may inform homology and the ancestral gnathostome condition.

79 allorhinchus milii) revealed several ancient gnathostome conserved non-coding elements (agCNEs) dispe

80 Like its gnathostome counterparts, lamprey Otx is expressed throu

81 ssed in patterns highly reminiscent of their gnathostome counterparts.

82 e restricted to specific lineages within the gnathostome crown likely arose before the common ancesto

83 thyan dentitions are derived relative to the gnathostome crown-ancestor, which possessed a simple den

84 resence of oral tubercles on the jaws of the gnathostome crown-ancestor; tooth whorls or tooth rows e

85 new taxon as a proximate sister group of the gnathostome crown.

86 Most gnathostome cytokines are four-helix bundle cytokines wi

87 ld consensus on the relationships of extinct gnathostomes, delivering a new evolutionary framework fo

88 We identify 9 major changes in the tempo of gnathostome diversification; the most significant of the

89 lx genes in P. marinus, whose orthology with gnathostome Dlx genes provides a model for how this gene

90 Regulatory regions from diverse gnathostomes drive segmental reporter expression in the

91 combination of plesiomorphic characters for gnathostomes (e.g., the glossopharyngeal nerve leaves th

92 The role of Otx1 in the gnathostome ear is therefore highly conserved; otic Otx1

93 zontal canal, an evolutionary novelty of the gnathostome ear.

94 To better understand ancestral features of gnathostome edn and ednr expression, we also analyzed al

95 cranial anatomy of an Ordovician stem-group gnathostome: Eriptychius americanus from the Harding San

96 ts original location within the MHC early in gnathostome evolution.

97 onal neural crest derivatives arose later in gnathostome evolution.

98 tomy pointing to a radical revision of early gnathostome evolution.

99 ill covers and respiratory strategies during gnathostome evolution.

100 their basic pattern was established early in gnathostome evolution.

101 These events occurred at the base of the Gnathostome evolutionary lineage ~550-650 million years

102 nked to clustered CXCL chemokine loci in all gnathostomes except actinopterygians that lost JCHAIN.

103 By contrast, we have detected NKp30 in all gnathostomes, except in species where it was lost.

104 with the evolution of jaws likely made early gnathostomes fierce predators and the dominant vertebrat

105 n Early Devonian (approximately 415 Myr ago) gnathostome from Siberia previously interpreted as a ray

106 ere thought to arise after the divergence of gnathostomes from a basal vertebrate.

107 ns of light, evolved after the separation of gnathostomes from lampreys".

108 The emergence of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) from jawless vertebrates was accompanied b

109 ymphocytes express orthologues of genes that gnathostome gammadelta and alphabeta T cells use for the

110 hrough comparative analysis with lamprey and gnathostome genomes, we reconstruct the early events in

111 it a good model for comparative analyses of gnathostome genomes.

112 lamprey GHR and PRLR cluster at the base of gnathostome GHR and PRLR clades, respectively.

113 clostomes derive from endoderm [9-12], while gnathostome gills were classically thought to derive fro

114 the CA system in chondrichthyans, an ancient gnathostome group, we used immunohistochemical technique

115 nstrate a number of features found in modern gnathostome groups.

116 Members of all classes of gnathostomes have been found to possess a terminal nerve

117 Jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomes) have 4 tissue inhibitors of metalloprotein

118 Jawed vertebrates, or gnathostomes, have two sets of paired appendages, pector

119 wth of ectomesenchyme that now characterizes gnathostome head development.

120 r understand the origin and evolution of the gnathostome head skeleton, we have been analyzing head s

121 in our understanding of the evolution of the gnathostome head, revealing a neurocranium with an anato

122 of the key events in early jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) history, because it provided the morphologi

123 ignificant distinction between agnathans and gnathostomes, however, is the acquisition of otic Otx1 e

124 Compared with gnathostome Hox clusters, lamprey Hox clusters are unusu

125 y orthology relationship between lamprey and gnathostome Hox clusters.

126 In jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), Hox genes play an important role in patte

127 Gnathostome Hoxa2 and Hoxb2 NC enhancers mediate equival

128 ach, we find functional conservation between gnathostome Hoxd enhancers, demonstrating that orthologo

129 etric ears can be obtained experimentally in gnathostomes in several ways, including by manipulation

130 e chordate stem lineage from urochordates to gnathostomes, in parallel with the elaboration of verteb

131 veal broad conservation of the cucullaris in gnathostomes, including coelacanth and caecilian, two sa

132 a that posits that sympathetic ganglia are a gnathostome innovation, instead suggesting that a late-d

133 ts in cartilaginous tissue were a subsequent gnathostome innovation.

134 -often considered the functional driver for 'gnathostome' innovations(1-3)-evolved instead as a follo

135 Reproduction in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) involves either external or internal ferti

136 c pathway for chondrogenesis in lampreys and gnathostomes is conserved through the activation of cart

137 Thus, brain regionalization as seen in crown gnathostomes is not an evolutionary innovation of this g

138 lacking for the cellular response, which in gnathostomes is regulated by von Willebrand factor (VWF)

139 mes), the sister group of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), is unknown.

140 arch and insights into the evolution of the gnathostome jaw.

141 he ancestral gill arch-like condition of the gnathostome jaw.

142 f the hinged jaws that are characteristic of gnathostome (jawed) vertebrates and before the evolution

143 rm between the two living vertebrate groups: gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) and cyclostomes (hagfis

144 f the 2R event relative to the divergence of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) and cyclostomes (jawles

145 The gill apparatus of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) is fundamental to feedi

146 actor in patterning the primary jaw joint of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) is well known, however

147 fish) and of immunoglobulin gene segments in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

148 ne of the four principal divisions of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

149 problem in the study of the origin of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

150 awless vertebrates-lampreys and hagfish) and gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates-cartilaginous and bony f

151 ade, whose members are collectively known as gnathostomes ('jawed mouths'), made its earliest definit

152 ns to support pluripotency originated in the gnathostome lineage, prior to the generation of two para

153 e acquisition of otic Otx1 expression in the gnathostome lineage.

154 logical evolutionary novelties for the major gnathostome lineages proved to be accurate, but several

155 nd horn shark, representing two of the three gnathostome lineages.

156 fore the divergence of ancestral lamprey and gnathostome lineages.

157 ve occurred independently in the lamprey and gnathostome lineages.

158 an, as well the divergence of the two living gnathostome lineages: the cartilaginous and bony vertebr

159 ding molecular evidence of homology with the gnathostome mandibular arch and insights into the evolut

160 gill arch-like anatomical features from the gnathostome mandibular arch.

161 ve analysis of functional variation in early gnathostome mandibular elements, placing constraints on

162 We show that Pax2 is a conserved pan-gnathostome marker for epibranchial and otic placodes, a

163 , and confirm that Phox2b is a conserved pan-gnathostome marker for epibranchial placode-derived neur

164 Emergence of this Nkx3.2 enhancer in early gnathostomes may have contributed to the origin and shap

165 f Hox expression from the mandibular arch of gnathostomes may have facilitated the evolution of jaws.

166 tor before the divergence of cyclostomes and gnathostomes more than 500 million years ago.

167 ning, which characterize most extant aquatic gnathostomes, must be derived from internal fertilizatio

168 estral features of vertebrate development or gnathostome novelties.

169 ate the evolutionary conservation across all gnathostomes of at least some of the transcription facto

170 a critical phylogenetic position between the gnathostome or jawed vertebrates and the cephalochordate

171 racters typically associated with jawed stem gnathostomes or crown gnathostomes.

172 lack of evidence for such variation amongst gnathostomes (or indeed any vertebrate) and it has there

173 Fossils of early gnathostomes (or jawed vertebrates) have been the focus

174 ression patterns among lamprey, hagfish, and gnathostome organs, implying that the role of microRNAs

175 is a clear phylogenetic outgroup to both the gnathostome Otx1 and Otx2 genes.

176 of gene expression and functional studies in gnathostomes, our results suggest that these roles for F

177 During development, gnathostome paired appendages form as outgrowths of body

178 erdependent manner similar to their roles in gnathostome paired appendages.

179 As in crown gnathostomes, paired venous drainage channels blood into

180 t a model for dorsoventral patterning of the gnathostome pharyngeal arches in which Et-1 in the envir

181 The gnathostome pharyngeal cavity functions in food transpor

182 nthus challenges the idea that the ancestral gnathostome pharynx conformed to a morphologically compl

183 Using the frog Xenopus laevis to expand gnathostome phylogenetic representation and facilitate s

184 he study of antibodies in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) provides every immunologist with a bird's

185 Devonian gnathostomes reached a point where they ceased to accrue

186 ucture to the phylogeny of early crown group gnathostomes, reveal preconditions that suggest an initi

187 iate equivalent NC expression in lamprey and gnathostomes, revealing ancient conservation of Hox upst

188 We employed a strategy that combines gnathostome sequence conservation with transgenic mouse

189 on challenges the hypotheses(14-16) that the gnathostome shoulder evolved from the gill apparatus.

190 Extinct jawless armoured stem gnathostomes show a diversity of paired body-wall extens

191 that JRS1 enhancer sequences from a range of gnathostome species, including a chondrichthyan and mamm

192 that predates the early Cambrian cyclostome-gnathostome split, followed by a mid-late Cambrian allo-

193 est cells may have arisen after the agnathan/gnathostome split.

194 s retrieved as a paraphyletic segment of the gnathostome stem group in recent studies.

195 roviding strong evidence of placement in the gnathostome stem group.

196 of fossils from the extinct clades along the gnathostome stem suggests that joints with reciprocally

197 ather, successional teeth evolved within the gnathostome stem-lineage soon after the origin of jaws.

198 g the early Cambrian, and 2R occurred in the gnathostome stem-lineage, maximally in the late Cambrian

199 known for this very crownward member of the gnathostome stem.

200 tracoderms' that populate the cyclostome and gnathostome stems might serve as better proxies than liv

201 Gnathostomes subsequently diverged into two groups, the

202 crest cells that have not been described in gnathostomes, suggesting that barriers that constrain ro

203 n of LPM to the PAFF in both cyclostomes and gnathostomes, supporting the notion that this is an anci

204 t somatopleure in the lateral body wall is a gnathostome synapomorphy, and the redistribution of LPM

205 procally expressed by lymphocytes resembling gnathostome T and B cells.

206 ago) as a minimum date for the appearance of gnathostome teeth and to the evolution of growth and rep

207 In jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), the head skeleton is made of rigid three-

208 In the embryos of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), the jaw cartilage develops from the mandi

209 a member of the most ancient class of extant gnathostomes, the Carcharhine sharks, was characterized.

210 agnathans gave rise to jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes, the group including all other existing ver

211 This suggests that, in the earliest gnathostomes, the neurocranium filled out the space betw

212 thans), and compared with jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), they provide insight into the embryology,

213 ed in lateral habenulae reflect an ancestral gnathostome trait, partially conserved in lampreys, and

214 nial unit, suggesting that this is a derived gnathostome trait.

215 ing through them, represents a plesiomorphic gnathostome trait.

216 can Norselaspis glacialis, we reveal derived gnathostome traits straddling a uniquely ossified head-t

217 oup of jawed vertebrates, seem to lack these gnathostome traits, implying a morphological gap despite

218 New teeth are composed of gnathostome-type dentine and develop at specific locatio

219 Gnathostomes use T- and B-cell antigen receptors belongi

220 xpression phenomenon was observed across the gnathostome vertebrate sequences examined.

221 Gnathostome vertebrates have multiple members of the Dlx

222 are orthologous to the cytoglobin protein of gnathostome vertebrates, a hexacoordinate globin that ha

223 d fins and limbs are broadly conserved among gnathostome vertebrates.

224 ar in both the jawless (agnathan) and jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, suggesting that an early 'divi

225 The last common ancestor of hagfish and gnathostomes was also the last common ancestor of all ex

226 gene expression between X. laevis and other gnathostomes, we also identified several divergent featu

227 ining the traditional view that jawless stem-gnathostomes were ecologically constrained [9-12] with t

228 of network components to the neural crest of gnathostomes, which subsequently became restricted to th