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1 e brain has been attributed to the action of gonadal hormones.
2 d secretion of gonadotropins and, therefore, gonadal hormones.
3 afferents is highly responsive to changes in gonadal hormones.
4  in the arcuate nucleus, a target tissue for gonadal hormones.
5 oth odor set sizes, but was not dependent on gonadal hormones.
6  the gonads to function without mediation by gonadal hormones.
7 RFR1 is regulated by perinatal but not adult gonadal hormones.
8 nt tissues, a characteristic shared with the gonadal hormones.
9 re genes located on the sex chromosomes, and gonadal hormones.
10 al to hippocampal function and influenced by gonadal hormones.
11 pe are caused by the differential effects of gonadal hormones.
12 h organizational and activational effects of gonadal hormones.
13 and thus expression may be regulated also by gonadal hormones.
14 ex chromosome genes that are not mediated by gonadal hormones.
15 ces in risky decision making are mediated by gonadal hormones.
16 ion and behavior are regularly attributed to gonadal hormones.
17  these differences precede the influences of gonadal hormones.
18 ate regulation of the CNS by male and female gonadal hormones.
19 in the male genome, without any mediation by gonadal hormones.
20 ding attributed to the protective effects of gonadal hormones.
21 red from mice that were capable of secreting gonadal hormones.
22 dence from animal studies indicates that the gonadal hormone 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) impacts the stru
23 avioral responses to defeat, indicating that gonadal hormones act during puberty to program behaviora
24                                              Gonadal hormones act throughout the brain and modulate p
25 ic constriction injury) was dependent on the gonadal hormone Activin-A.
26 how sex-defining factors (e.g., chromosomes, gonadal hormones) alter immune responses in health and d
27 ary outcome measure) and had blood drawn for gonadal hormone and neurosteroid levels determined on ea
28        These data demonstrate a link between gonadal hormones and APC activity and suggest that these
29 ie a two-way interaction between circulating gonadal hormones and behavioral responses to socially sa
30          Our experimental data indicate that gonadal hormones and biological sex do not alter ACE-2 a
31 dimorphism have emphasized the importance of gonadal hormones and cell-autonomous influences in mamma
32             Correlations between circulating gonadal hormones and certain prefrontal functions have a
33 nadal development, separating the effects of gonadal hormones and chromosomal factors requires specif
34 e hypothalamopituitary axis and suggest that gonadal hormones and female presence independently regul
35 lished by organizational effects of neonatal gonadal hormones and highlight the role of INs as mediat
36 central nervous system (CNS) factors, genes, gonadal hormones and receptors, genitalia, and social/en
37      Here, we review the mechanisms by which gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement each cont
38 c stress and the underlying contributions of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.
39 ales that depends on the interaction between gonadal hormones and the central mu-opioid system.
40 e organizational and activational effects of gonadal hormones and to genes on the sex chromosomes.
41  exerts its metabolic effects indirectly via gonadal hormones and/or directly via the kisspeptin rece
42 gical sex (determined by sex chromosomes and gonadal hormones) and gender (social and cultural behavi
43 mones, permanent (organizational) effects of gonadal hormones, and cell-autonomous effects of sex chr
44 multiple factors, including sensory stimuli, gonadal hormones, and cognitive bias.
45             We emphasize how biological sex, gonadal hormones, and occupational and environmental exp
46 alamus, brain receptors for gonadotropic and gonadal hormones are concentrated in specific subcortica
47                                              Gonadal hormones are known to act during development to
48                                              Gonadal hormones are linked to mechanisms that govern ap
49                        Many effects of these gonadal hormones are mediated by nuclear steroid hormone
50                                        These gonadal hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituit
51                         These data show that gonadal hormones are required for maintaining sex-typica
52                                It seems that gonadal hormones are responsible for adaptive variation;
53                    Although these actions of gonadal hormones are well supported, the possibility tha
54 se dimorphisms are maintained by circulating gonadal hormones, as castration of adult male rats reduc
55 nxiety were not because of altered levels of gonadal hormones, as serum estrogen and progesterone lev
56 ese differences were not solely dependent on gonadal hormones, because they persisted in gonadectomiz
57                                     Removing gonadal hormones before puberty eliminates these sex dif
58                                  In females, gonadal hormones can be perturbed by using hormonal cont
59                                Microglia and gonadal hormones can interact to influence adolescent de
60                                              Gonadal hormones contribute to ischemic neuroprotection,
61 y and provide a potential mechanism by which gonadal hormones could regulate the maturation of the as
62           Among evolocumab-treated patients, gonadal hormones did not change from baseline to week 52
63        Here, we report that manipulations of gonadal hormones do significantly alter the maturation o
64 ned for a female phenotype unless exposed to gonadal hormones during a perinatal sensitive period.
65  brain can be attributed to known effects of gonadal hormones during development or adulthood, and fa
66 l nervous system to low levels of endogenous gonadal hormones during development, the central nervous
67                                  Exposure to gonadal hormones during perinatal life influences later
68                        Rhythmic variation in gonadal hormones during the estrous cycle is a defining
69  in photic responsiveness are independent of gonadal hormone effects during development.
70 halves of the brain were exposed to a common gonadal hormone environment, the lateral differences ind
71   An emerging hypothesis is that fluctuating gonadal hormones, especially estrogen, in the menstrual
72 inatal sensitive period, when organizational gonadal hormones establish the sexually dimorphic brain,
73 llowing experiments examined the role of the gonadal hormone estrogen in comparison to the neurotroph
74  adverse effects were observed in steroid or gonadal hormones, even at very low LDL-C levels.
75                     Importantly, duration of gonadal hormone exposure, weight, and height at maturity
76 nation of underlying genetic differences and gonadal hormone exposure.
77 cluding social partners, circadian cues, and gonadal hormone fluctuations.
78  (HUVECs) were propagated in phenol red-free gonadal hormone-free medium and pretreated with 17 beta-
79 trogen receptor-positive) were propagated in gonadal hormone-free medium and were E2-pretreated for 4
80 stimulating hormones from the pituitary, and gonadal hormones from the ovaries and testes.
81 ted status, suggesting that dysregulation of gonadal hormone function may be a characteristic trait o
82 pothalamus become sexually differentiated by gonadal hormones giving rise to sexually differentiated
83  is more common in males than females; thus, gonadal hormones have been a focal point for research in
84                                     Although gonadal hormones have been shown to influence the expres
85 specting the breadth and depth of the impact gonadal hormones have on brain functioning and its rich
86 involving neonatal organizational effects of gonadal hormones have previously been shown to profoundl
87                                              Gonadal hormones have primarily slow, genomically mediat
88 f the disease in jck male mice, while female gonadal hormones have protective effects.
89  astrocytes persisted even in the absence of gonadal hormones in adulthood, suggesting that androgens
90  in these sites is influenced by circulating gonadal hormones in adults, which may be related to chan
91  for food and drugs of abuse are mediated by gonadal hormones in both sexes.
92 sidering sex chromosomes and sex-independent gonadal hormones in evaluating potential sex-specific di
93 discriminable, suggesting opposite roles for gonadal hormones in influencing male and female olfactor
94 ssion is sexually dimorphic and modulated by gonadal hormones in lateral regions of the rat dorsal st
95 J and SJL/J mice to assess the role of adult gonadal hormones in regulating clinical and histopatholo
96 nessed increased confusion as to the role of gonadal hormones in the development of neuroeffectors fo
97 tivity are sexually dimorphic or affected by gonadal hormones in the MePD.
98 ffects of stress, where the rapid decline of gonadal hormones in women combined with cellular aging p
99                                In adulthood, gonadal hormones, including both androgens and estrogens
100  PR expression, suggesting the presence of a gonadal hormone-independent PR regulatory mechanism.
101            Thus, dephosphorylation of tau is gonadal hormone-independent, but while its hyperphosphor
102  activity of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase was gonadal hormone-independent.
103 tradiction between the dependence on ERK for gonadal hormone-induced neuroprotection and the lack of
104 adult brain function in males independent of gonadal hormone influence.
105 sex chromosome complement (XX vs. XY) and/or gonadal hormone influence.
106 ontext of genetic heterogeneity, circulating gonadal hormones influence both clinical and histopathol
107                                              Gonadal hormones influence brain functions, including mo
108                               We report that gonadal hormones influence brain mitochondrial ROS produ
109      Rats were used to determine how sex and gonadal hormones influence choices between small, immedi
110 onitase activity, suggesting that endogenous gonadal hormones influence mitochondrial ROS production
111                                              Gonadal hormones influence neuronal organization and pla
112 nt work illustrating how sex differences and gonadal hormones influence sleep and circadian rhythms t
113 uggest a limited organizational-activational gonadal hormone interaction in the mediation of systemic
114 e (ERbeta effect), while having no effect on gonadal hormone levels (ERalpha effect) at 10x the effic
115 ences that remain throughout the lifespan as gonadal hormone levels alter with age.
116                         This period with low gonadal hormone levels might represent a 'sensitive wind
117                              Fluctuations in gonadal hormone levels trigger the symptoms, and thus in
118  of these sex differences, but whether adult gonadal hormones maintain the increased number and compl
119 nisms responsible for the effects of the two gonadal hormones may be different.
120                                              Gonadal hormones may exert permanent organizational effe
121 ded that prenatal, organizational effects of gonadal hormones may play a role in the development of A
122 ng vehicle treatment, the presence of female gonadal hormones may underlie the sex differences in mor
123 as genetic sex and developmental exposure to gonadal hormones, may also contribute to altered vulnera
124   Although studies indicate that circulating gonadal hormones might underlie the observed sex differe
125 smission to the GnRH neurons, independent of gonadal hormone milieu.
126  involving the adult activational effects of gonadal hormones minimally alter these analgesic sex dif
127                                              Gonadal hormones modulate behavioral responses to sexual
128          We then assessed in vivo effects of gonadal hormones on brain mitochondrial oxidative stress
129 ural mechanisms underlying the influences of gonadal hormones on human behavior are beginning to be i
130                             The influence of gonadal hormones on multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well
131 itary males independent of pheromonal input, gonadal hormones, opponents, or social context.
132 here is also a sex difference independent of gonadal hormones: OVX females exhibit a greater magnitud
133 emales: reversible (activational) effects of gonadal hormones, permanent (organizational) effects of
134 t experimental data in rodents, suggest that gonadal hormones play a role in modulating this system.
135 nd gonadectomized male rats, suggesting that gonadal hormones play an important role in modulating th
136          This review discusses the role that gonadal hormones play in these sexually dimorphic patter
137                       In evolutionary terms, gonadal hormones precede adrenal hormones.
138 printed genes is most likely attributable by gonadal hormones rather than by sex chromosome complemen
139                   To investigate the role of gonadal hormones, rats were ovariectomized (OVX), orchie
140                                              Gonadal hormone receptors are widely distributed across
141  neurotrophic and angiogenic growth factors, gonadal hormone receptors, and neurotransmitters such as
142                                              Gonadal hormones regulate dopamine release in the MPOA o
143 al steroid hormones and is a likely site for gonadal hormone regulation of sexually dimorphic social
144 to characterize the chemical composition and gonadal hormone regulation of these sexually dimorphic C
145   Together, these data indicate a stress and gonadal hormone responsive nucleus that is unique to fem
146 Are sex differences in levels of circulating gonadal hormones robust enough to account for the full s
147 changes during puberty that may be driven by gonadal hormone secretion during this developmental peri
148 x chromosomes and the consequent sex-typical gonadal hormone secretions may play important roles in t
149 o derive exclusively from sex differences in gonadal hormone secretions.
150 ed that in addition to well-known effects of gonadal hormones, sex chromosome complement influences c
151 t of the interaction of three major factors: gonadal hormones, sex chromosomes, and the environment.
152                              During puberty, gonadal hormones shape brain structure and function, but
153 rient intakes may be associated with altered gonadal hormone status of these dieters.
154 robust immediate early gene expression after gonadal hormone stimulation.
155  is programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge.
156 largely been attributed to modulation by the gonadal hormones testosterone and estradiol.
157 ence indicates that prenatal exposure to the gonadal hormone, testosterone, influences the developmen
158 rentiation of the gonads, which then secrete gonadal hormones that act directly on tissues to induce
159 data provide a substantive mechanism linking gonadal hormones to cellular excitability and anhedonia-
160 ver the contributions of sex chromosomes and gonadal hormones to sex differences in demyelination and
161 y circuits was used to test contributions of gonadal hormones to sex differences in vHPC afferents.
162 d gonadectomies to test the contributions of gonadal hormones to this stress response.
163 onding and in other hypothalamic sites after gonadal hormone treatments sufficient to activate lordos
164 s in model systems have revealed that, while gonadal hormones undoubtedly play an important role in s
165 adotropins without the concomitant loss of a gonadal hormone, we crossed INH(-/-) mice with a transge
166 s were not the consequence of the actions of gonadal hormones, we induced gonadal sex reversal to alt
167 , cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and gonadal hormones were analyzed at baseline and week 52.
168 ral to neurodevelopment and are sensitive to gonadal hormones, which increase during adolescence.

 
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