ライフサイエンスコーパス: gramicidin

1 study the folding of the antibiotic peptide gramicidin.

2 of the peptide to the double-helical form of gramicidin.

3 ers containing peptides such as pardaxin and gramicidin.

4 nopore through the support, as recently with gramicidin.

5 orded with the Cl(-)-impermeable pore former gramicidin (25--75 microg ml(-1)) in HCO(3)(-)-free bath

6 e-iodine and 7 days for neomycin-polymyxin B-gramicidin (95% confidence interval [CI] for difference

7 across an SLB incorporating the ion channels Gramicidin A (gA) and Alamethicin (ALM).

8 Two canonical dynamic ion channels (gramicidin A (gA) and alamethicin) and one static biolog

9 ts on the transfer of protons in both native gramicidin A (gA) and in covalently linked SS- and RR-di

10 ces to protons (g(H)) were studied in native gramicidin A (gA) and in the SS and RR diastereoisomers

11 channel proton conductances (g(H)) in native gramicidin A (gA) and in two diastereoisomers (SS and RR

12 xamined the effect of GsMTx4 and enGsMTx4 on gramicidin A (gA) channel gating.

13 lar dynamics simulations were performed on a gramicidin A (gA) channel in a fully hydrated dimyristoy

14 ts of halothane, a clinical anesthetic, on a gramicidin A (gA) channel in a fully hydrated dimyristoy

15 To overcome this problem, we use gramicidin A (gA) channels as molecular force probes to

16 mechanism and examined genistein's effect on gramicidin A (gA) channels in planar phospholipid bilaye

17 The dissociation of gramicidin A (gA) channels into monomers is the simplest

18 dipole moment of the four Trp side chains in gramicidin A (gA) channels modify channel conductance th

19 ferent stereoisomers of the dioxolane-linked gramicidin A (gA) channels reconstituted in planar lipid

20 ferent stereoisomers of the dioxolane-linked gramicidin A (gA) channels were individually synthesized

21 single SS stereoisomers of dioxolane-linked gramicidin A (gA) channels were measured in different ph

22 of the four tryptophans of membrane-spanning gramicidin A (gA) channels, the inclusion of the perpend

23 ith conductances that are lower than that of gramicidin A (gA) channels.

24 rried out coarse-grained (CG) simulations of gramicidin A (gA) dimer association and analyzed the res

25 the three-dimensional stress field around a gramicidin A (gA) dimer in lipid bilayers that feature d

26 ly kinetics and conformer preferences of the gramicidin A (GA) dimer is investigated using a combinat

27 The conformational preferences adopted by gramicidin A (GA) dimers inserted into phospholipid bila

28 ize the volatile anesthetic binding sites in gramicidin A (gA) incorporated into sodium dodecyl sulfa

29 be the solution phase structure of dimerized Gramicidin A (GA) inserted into lipid vesicle bilayers i

30 Electrophysiology measurements on gramicidin A (gA) ion channels embedded in planar suspen

31 Embedded gramicidin A (gA) ionchannels in a self-assembled tether

32 Gramicidin A (gA) is a 15-amino-acid antibiotic peptide

33 ata set for homodimeric channels formed from gramicidin A (gA) or any of eight fluorinated Trp analog

34 as replaced by Ser at position 3 or 5 in the gramicidin A (gA) sequence: formyl-VG(2)A(3)LA(5)VVVWLWL

35 le ion channel conductance of derivatives of gramicidin A (gA) upon reaction with analytes in solutio

36 rom labeled tryptophans in membrane-spanning gramicidin A (gA)(1) channels to refine the geometry of

37 protons in water wires was studied in native gramicidin A (gA), and in the SS- and RR-diastereoisomer

38 of measurements of proton conduction through gramicidin A (gA), B (gB), and M (gM) homodimer channels

39 gallate (nPG)--on bilayer properties using a gramicidin A (gA)-based fluorescence quench assay to pro

40 bilayer properties using channels formed by gramicidin A (gA).

41 oxygen of transmembrane pore-forming peptide gramicidin A (gA).

42 ns and fluorescence-quenching experiments on gramicidin A (gA).

43 tors incorporate transmembrane peptide pores gramicidin A and alamethicin in the lipid bilayer they c

44 mer or doubly charged monomer of the peptide gramicidin A and conformers of the [M + 5H](5+) form of

45 rent-voltage relations of (5F-Indole)Trp(13) gramicidin A and gramicidin A channels (, 75:2830-2844).

46 ublished homodimer conductance data for both gramicidin A and gramicidin M channels confirms this con

47 shable populations about halfway between the gramicidin A and gramicidin M homodimer conductances.

48 implies that the principle difference in the gramicidin A and gramicidin M transport free-energy prof

49 elated to the free-energy difference between gramicidin A and gramicidin M, we construct an effective

50 (1)H spin diffusion experiments on unlabeled gramicidin A are sufficient to discriminate between the

51 om molecular dynamics simulations (MD) using gramicidin A as a prototypical narrow ion channel.

52 he peptide bond between Val(1) and Gly(2) in gramicidin A by an ester bond.

53 ferent stereoisomers of the dioxolane-linked gramicidin A channel (the SS and RR dimers) were measure

54 Using a cation-selective gramicidin A channel as a sensor of the membrane surface

55 rifluorocyclobutane (F3), was found to alter gramicidin A channel function by enhancing Na(+) transpo

56 The PMF profile of the ion along the Gramicidin A channel is obtained by combining an equilib

57 ifluorocyclobutane causes minimal changes in gramicidin A channel structure in sodium dodecyl sulfate

58 d closing of the monovalent cation selective gramicidin A channel through single channel conductance,

59 we consider ion permeation energetics in the gramicidin A channel using a novel polarizable force fie

60 cantly affect the secondary structure of the gramicidin A channel.

61 have been proposed for the membrane-spanning gramicidin A channel: one based on solid-state NMR exper

62 tions of (5F-Indole)Trp(13) gramicidin A and gramicidin A channels (, 75:2830-2844).

63 Gramicidin A channels are miniproteins that are anchored

64 Using gramicidin A channels as a tool to probe bilayer mechani

65 re the consequences of lipid diversity using gramicidin A channels embedded in phosphatidylcholine (P

66 we study the effect of Hofmeister anions on gramicidin A channels in lipid membranes.

67 ree energy governing K(+) conduction through gramicidin A channels is characterized by using over 0.1

68 We find that the sensitivity of gramicidin A channels to the anesthetic halothane is hig

69 ryptophan substitutions in membrane-spanning gramicidin A channels.

70 eplacements on the structure and function of gramicidin A channels.

71 channel permeability, we designed different gramicidin A derivatives with attached acyl chains.

72 Inclusion of a gramicidin A dimer (approximately 1 mol %) yields simila

73 lular membrane with the liposomes containing gramicidin A forming cation-conductive beta-helix in the

74 channel formed by a dimer of the polypeptide gramicidin A has a single-stranded, right-handed helical

75 n of the gramicidin channel, four analogs of gramicidin A have been synthesized in which the tryptoph

76 ld slower in gramicidin M homodimers than in gramicidin A homodimers and that first- and second-ion e

77 hree-dimensional continuum elastic model for gramicidin A in a lipid bilayer is shown to describe the

78 With 400 microM gramicidin A in a vesicle suspension of 60 mM phosphatid

79 Analogues of gramicidin A in which the Trp residues at positions 9, 1

80 age relations for ion permeation through the gramicidin A ion channel embedded in membranes character

81 h is utilized to predict current through the Gramicidin A ion channel, a narrow pore in which the app

82 Addition of the transmembrane protein gramicidin A or construction of a highly defected gel ph

83 by Na(+),K(+)-ATPase with subtoxic doses of gramicidin A or ouabain.

84 meric state has been observed for the native gramicidin A peptide.

85 the conductance of the pore-forming peptide gramicidin A to monitor PLD activity, the work presented

86 Gramicidin A was studied by continuous wave electron spi

87 k lipid membranes (BLMs) functionalized with gramicidin A were conducted using a fast perfusion syste

88 ndary lipid in membrane vesicles of DPPC and gramicidin A' (GA) is reported.

89 of depths in membrane systems is applied to gramicidin A, a membrane-bound peptide of known structur

90 using experimental solid-state NMR data from gramicidin A, a monovalent cation channel in lipid bilay

91 ture of the channels when compared to native gramicidin A, and only small effects are seen on side-ch

92 ated relative single-channel conductances of gramicidin A, B, and C agree well with experiment.

93 hree ionophoric pentadecapeptide antibiotics gramicidin A, B, and C and their two corresponding isofo

94 l as hydrophilic defects and the ion channel gramicidin A, to provide parallels to membranes deformed

95 a backbone fold identical to that of native gramicidin A, with only small changes in the side chain

96 utions were introduced into the enantiomeric gramicidin A-, gA-.) Circular dichroism spectra of [D-Al

97 Unlike dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine and gramicidin A-DOPC, small-angle x-ray scattering and (31)

98 tions, dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine and gramicidin A-DOPC, which form the negatively curved hexa

99 -to-end dimer and double-helix structures of gramicidin A.

100 abeled backbone sites (Trp13, Val7, Gly2) in gramicidin A.

101 tly different from those formed by the ester gramicidin A.

102 een recorded for each of the four indoles of gramicidin A.

103 n receptor (ASGR), and an antibiotic peptide gramicidin A.

104 rivatives of the ion-channel-forming peptide gramicidin A.

105 ugh pores of the ion channel-forming peptide gramicidin A.

106 f ions through prototypical channels such as gramicidin A.

107 Gramicidin A/gramicidin M heterodimer conductances were

108 Gramicidins A, B, and C are the three most abundant, nat

109 Here, we demonstrate the wave nature of gramicidin, a natural antibiotic composed of 15 amino ac

110 For gramicidin, a single laser shot UVPD discriminates betwe

111 In this study, new covalently linked gramicidin-A (gA) peptides were synthesized, and the eff

112 ced cytotoxicity and direct Na(+) loading by gramicidin-A caused Pico145-resistant cytotoxicity in th

113 nel-forming proteins, such as aquaporins and gramicidin-A.

114 ramework model for proton conduction through gramicidin; a model designed to incorporate information

115 to investigate the underlying mechanisms of gramicidin activity in phospholipid monolayers.

116 that include formation of a water-insoluble gramicidin aggregate, dissociation from the aggregate, p

117 Gramicidin and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone

118 gAB transcription was shown to be induced by gramicidin and CCCP, agents known to dissipate the proto

119 ermeation in two different channel families: gramicidin and K(+) channels.

120 Gramicidin and PorA/C1 accelerate the calculated inserti

121 than the known membrane targeting antibiotic gramicidin and the known antifungal agent amphotericin B

122 icked by treatment with the sodium ionophore gramicidin and were correlated with the increased intrac

123 agent (sodium arsenite), K-releasing agent (Gramicidin) and a metal ionophore (dithiocarbamate).

124 rin, mycosubtilin, nikkomycin, enterobactin, gramicidin, and several proteins from the orphan pksX ge

125 dies was tested using the model ion channel, gramicidin, and voltage-clamp fluorometry measurements w

126 upling membrane potentials by the antibiotic Gramicidin are examples.

127 e results indicate that two or more forms of gramicidin are in equilibrium with each other in the lay

128 enes for the synthesis of antibiotics of the gramicidin/bacitracin family; however, no bacteriophage

129 evelop a model for proton conduction through gramicidin based on the molecular dynamics simulations o

130 ing potency of 27 aliphatic alcohols using a gramicidin-based fluorescence assay.

131 the integration of GABAergic inputs, we used gramicidin-based patch-clamp recording of STN neurons in

132 Next, using gramicidin-based perforated patch recordings, we found t

133 Voltage-clamp and gramicidin-based perforated-patch current-clamp recordin

134 tion current is consistent with the model of gramicidin being speciated in the monolayer in more than

135 Furthermore, the ionophore gramicidin can be incorporated into the bilayers, making

136 on of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase or the ionophore gramicidin), cells expressing the D447V mutant rapidly a

137 was corroborated by experimental results on gramicidin channel activity in bilayers of different thi

138 en the multiple conformational states of the gramicidin channel and its closed and open states in a l

139 eptide side chains has been shown to perturb gramicidin channel conductance without significantly cha

140 nt direct measurements of the orientation of gramicidin channel F-Trp positions for use in analysis o

141 , insights into the process and mechanism of gramicidin channel formation, as a prototypical example

142 cules that were found to enhance or suppress gramicidin channel function in a thick 1,2-dierucoyl-sn-

143 This paper reports on a simulation of a gramicidin channel inserted into a fluid phase DMPC bila

144 Ion permeation through the gramicidin channel is studied using a model that circumv

145 o individually access each half of a dimeric gramicidin channel makes it possible to generate asymmet

146 itution on the structure and function of the gramicidin channel, four analogs of gramicidin A have be

147 ting from fundamental research on the robust gramicidin channel.

148 Gramicidin channels are archetypal molecular subjects fo

149 It is proposed that gramicidin channels are gated by small conformational ch

150 Toward this end, we exploited gramicidin channels as molecular force probes and develo

151 solvation effects of side chain residues of gramicidin channels by double acyl chains and by the pre

152 Gramicidin channels can be used as such reporter protein

153 Gramicidin channels have emerged as a powerful system fo

154 ollection modes to study K+ transfer through gramicidin channels in a horizontal bilayer lipid membra

155 At the same time, gramicidin channels in membranes of nonlamellar DOPE are

156 Gramicidin channels inserted into the cancer cells open

157 Using gramicidin channels of different lengths (different chan

158 probable nearest-neighbor separation between gramicidin channels was 26.8 A in DLPC, but reduced to 2

159 annels are structurally equivalent to native gramicidin channels, as demonstrated by the formation of

160 fluorescence self-quenching from dye-labeled gramicidin channels, we observed that the efficiency of

161 we examined the acceleration of flip-flop by gramicidin channels, which have well-defined structures

162 ng is of major importance for the folding of gramicidin channels.

163 nges in the function of bilayer-incorporated gramicidin channels.

164 could be expected from the experiments with gramicidin channels.

165 to approach the hydrophobic thickness of the gramicidin channels.

166 -to-serine substitutions in bilayer-spanning gramicidin channels.

167 Lactosylated gramicidin-containing lipid nanoparticles (Lac-GLN) were

168 Gramicidin D (gD) added to the membrane responds primari

169 The effects of the channel-forming peptide gramicidin D (gD) on the conductance and electroporation

170 The addition of gramicidin D at a 1:20 mol ratio with DMPC results in th

171 In comparison, gramicidin D killed both S. aureus strains to equivalent

172 By using unitary field potential and gramicidin D perforated-patch recordings, we provide evi

173 Liquid sample DESI of hydrophobic peptide gramicidin D suggests that the ionization mechanism invo

174 e observed following addition of arsenite or gramicidin D to cultures.

175 les containing the peptides gramicidin S and gramicidin D were analyzed both with and without the mat

176 ducer of heat shock and oxidative stress, or gramicidin D, a toxin that selectively permeabilizes cel

177 ne vesicles containing the membrane proteins gramicidin D, alamethicin, and melittin at molar content

178 ed platelet microbicidal protein 1 (tPMP-1), gramicidin D, and protamine.

179 ed by cell sensitization to Vinca alkaloids, gramicidin D, and Taxol with no effect on cell sensitivi

180 ble to the polypeptide pore-forming molecule gramicidin D, independent of the Vsa type and length.

181 cle fusion to a planar bilayer) to show that gramicidin dimer channels do not normally dissociate whe

182 ifference was attributable to the changes in gramicidin dimerization free energy by drug-induced pert

183 agents: sodium arsenite, an oxidative agent; Gramicidin, eliciting K(+) efflux and calcium influx; di

184 lly atomistic simulations of the ion channel gramicidin embedded in a POPC membrane.

185 ed protein-protein interactions exhibited by gramicidin embedded in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (D

186 In planar bilayers, the Ser-substituted gramicidins form well-defined channels, with cation cond

187 the feasibility of such a mechanism, we used gramicidin (gA) analogues of different lengths together

188 The canonical mechanism of gramicidin (gA) channel formation is transmembrane dimer

189 In the fluid phase, the gramicidin-gramicidin nearest-neighbor separation is 26.

190 Finkelstein for permeation of water through gramicidin in a phospholipid membrane.

191 iac glycosides or directly after exposure to gramicidin in low sodium media-is sufficient to disrupt

192 -iodine or antibiotics (neomycin-polymyxin B-gramicidin in the Philippines; ciprofloxacin 0.3% in Ind

193 MR spectroscopy of single-site (15)N-labeled gramicidin in uniformly aligned bilayers in the L(alpha)

194 pectrometry to study the self-association of gramicidin in various organic and mixed solvents that ar

195 estigated by synthesizing and characterizing gramicidins in which Trp(9) was ring-labeled and D-Leu(1

196 annels (e.g., alpha-hemolysin (alpha-HL) and gramicidin) in the bilayer is observed; conversely, reve

197 Our results show that gramicidin increases lipid flip-flop in a complex, conce

198 nide m-chorophenylhydrazone or the ionophore gramicidin, indicating that the synaptic vesicle proton

199 nce and circular dichroism, the mechanism of gramicidin insertion is elucidated.

200 ipid bilayer physical properties and bilayer-gramicidin interactions.

201 h-clamp fluorescence microscopy by measuring gramicidin ion channel conformational changes in a lipid

202 elastic response provides an explanation for gramicidin ion channel lifetime versus membrane thicknes

203 nt, the mycoplasmas were highly sensitive to gramicidin irrespective of the length of the Vsa protein

204 Gramicidin is a membrane pentadecapeptide that acts as a

205 ould transform the porin-like channel into a gramicidin-like beta(12)-helical channel.

206 The design of gramicidin-like beta-helix relies on an alternating patt

207 rsion of a complex porin-like channel into a gramicidin-like channel provides a link between two diff

208 D-alanine substitution support the idea of a gramicidin-like channel.

209 A method is demonstrated to extract the gramicidin-lipid boundary condition from all-atom simula

210 r conductance data for both gramicidin A and gramicidin M channels confirms this conclusion, indicati

211 Gramicidin A/gramicidin M heterodimer conductances were measured in p

212 s about halfway between the gramicidin A and gramicidin M homodimer conductances.

213 ion step is approximately 100-fold slower in gramicidin M homodimers than in gramicidin A homodimers

214 id-state NMR to investigate the structure of gramicidin M in a lipid bilayer and to investigate the m

215 principle difference in the gramicidin A and gramicidin M transport free-energy profiles occurs at th

216 e-energy difference between gramicidin A and gramicidin M, we construct an effective ion-Trp free-ene

217 The experiments were carried out at gramicidin-modified dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC)-

218 ubtle changes in bilayer thickness alter the gramicidin monomer and dimer distributions, we performed

219 assay to probe for PA-induced changes in the gramicidin monomer<-->dimer equilibrium.

220 uilibrium distribution between nonconducting gramicidin monomers and conducting bilayer-spanning dime

221 canning calorimetry to monitor the effect of gramicidin on the melting transition temperatures of the

222 he IPSC reversal potential was determined by gramicidin perforated patch recordings to be -65.3 +/- 5

223 al dentate granule cells were recorded using gramicidin perforated patch techniques at varying times

224 ronal Cl(-) homeostasis determined using the gramicidin perforated patch-clamp method.

225 , we performed cell-attached, whole-cell and gramicidin perforated patch-clamp recordings of progenit

226 In gramicidin perforated patch-clamp recordings, exogenous

227 embryos and assaying neuronal Cl(-) through gramicidin perforated patch-clamp recordings.

228 Gramicidin perforated-patch and whole-cell recordings we

229 Using the gramicidin perforated-patch clamp technique in the brain

230 Using the gramicidin perforated-patch configuration, we recorded f

231 Gramicidin perforated-patch recording revealed a GABA re

232 mining E(gly) in mouse cartwheel cells using gramicidin perforated-patch recording.

233 By using gramicidin perforated-patch recordings, we established t

234 d the effect on intraneuronal Cl- using both gramicidin, perforated-patch clamp recordings and Cl- im

235 In voltage-clamped gramicidin-perforated cells, GABA induced dose-dependent

236 In gramicidin-perforated patch clamp recordings on airway-s

237 Lastly, using gramicidin-perforated patch clamp recordings, we found t

238 The gramicidin-perforated patch clamp technique on neurons r

239 ons using calcium imaging techniques and the gramicidin-perforated patch clamp technique.

240 m the AOB, and used the whole-cell patch and gramicidin-perforated patch clamp techniques to measure

241 With gramicidin-perforated patch recording, E(GABA) was -25 +

242 Based on gramicidin-perforated patch recordings in hypothalamic s

243 We used gramicidin-perforated patch recordings to characterize C

244 Whole-cell and gramicidin-perforated patch recordings were obtained fro

245 P) 0 and 40 (P0-P40) were examined using the gramicidin-perforated patch technique.

246 Using gramicidin-perforated patch whole cell recordings, intra

247 both early postnatal and adult periods, and gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp recordings revealed th

248 We used gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp recordings to investig

249 in embryonic NM neurons using whole-cell and gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp techniques to measure

250 Recording from neurones using gramicidin-perforated patch-clamping showed a 10-fold sm

251 rded from current-clamped neurones using the gramicidin-perforated technique, the application of taur

252 ) in striatal cholinergic interneurones with gramicidin-perforated whole-cell patch recordings.

253 o inhibited the BK-induced inward current in gramicidin-perforated whole-cell patch-clamp recordings

254 corded GABAergic synaptic currents using the gramicidin-perforated-patch method and found their rever

255 functional group attached to one side of the gramicidin pore induces diodelike conductance behavior i

256 The transport of a single proton through the gramicidin pore is described by a potential of mean forc

257 tage of the amplification characteristics of gramicidin pores to sense the activity of picomolar to n

258 Like previous simulations with a lower lipid/gramicidin ratio, it is found that tryptophan-water hydr

259 l and beta-helix formation, as in porins and gramicidin, respectively, represent two distinct mechani

260 previously, dications of the cyclic peptide Gramicidin S (GS) and the photoactive organonometallic c

261 The multifunctional gramicidin S (GS) was the most potent, compared to the m

262 Physisorption of a cyclic peptide, Gramicidin S (GS), was studied for 8 h during deposition

263 mounts of model peptides HLGLAR (m/z 666.8), gramicidin S (m/z 1142.5), and bovine insulin b chain (m

264 Particles containing the peptides gramicidin S and gramicidin D were analyzed both with an

265 obic moments for two antimicrobial peptides, gramicidin S and PGLa, under different conditions.

266 osynthesize the symmetric cyclic decapeptide gramicidin S and the cyclic lipoheptapeptide surfactin A

267 nd 14 zmol (approximately 8400 molecules) of gramicidin S are reported.

268 enzymatic synthesis of the cyclic antibiotic gramicidin S by gramicidin S synthetase.

269 generation of the D-Phe-S-enzyme that starts gramicidin S chain growth.

270 ale the membrane affinity of the decapeptide Gramicidin S cyclo(d-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn-Leu-)2 (GS).

271 The detection of 14 zmol of gramicidin S is to the best of our knowledge a record in

272 cyclization activity: the TE domain from the gramicidin S NRPS catalyzes head-to-tail cyclization of

273 tion of DPD with viral DNA or the antibiotic gramicidin S resulted in significant biochemical alterat

274 f the nonribosomal peptide synthetase enzyme gramicidin S synthetase A (GrsA-PheA) for a set of nonco

275 tion module PheATE (GrsA) of Bacillus brevis gramicidin S synthetase catalyzes the activation, thiola

276 n (ATE) initiation module of Bacillus brevis gramicidin S synthetase equilibrates the Calpha configur

277 The gramicidin S synthetase initiation module (PheATE) is a

278 sis of the cyclic antibiotic gramicidin S by gramicidin S synthetase.

279 clization of a decapeptide thioester to form gramicidin S, and the TE domain from the surfactin NRPS

280 trated using model peptide ions (bradykinin, gramicidin S, and trpzip 1).

281 ly protonated substance P, doubly protonated gramicidin S, doubly protonated neurotensin, and triply

282 on also was observed with the cyclic peptide gramicidin S, indicating the generality of the mechanism

283 n, cephalosporins, streptomycin, fosfomycin, gramicidin S, rapamycin, indolmycin, microcin B17, fumag

284 the membrane-active cyclopeptide antibiotic, gramicidin S.

285 the membrane-active cyclopeptide antibiotic, gramicidin S.

286 incorporated into the decapeptide antibiotic gramicidin S.

287 llowed by cyclization to form the antibiotic gramicidin S.

288 for the two charge states of the decapeptide Gramicidin S.

289 The gramicidin segment was used to target the nitroxide payl

290 Although experiments with Gramicidin show that the change in elasticity depends pr

291 cules per leaflet were removed to insert the gramicidin, so the resulting preparation had 96 lipid mo

292 etween a Ser-containing subunit and a native gramicidin subunit.

293 ed in redesign for three different proteins: Gramicidin Synthetase A, plastocyanin, and protein G.

294 rotein were more resistant to complement and gramicidin than mycoplasmas that were dispersed.

295 ated to the maximum signal after addition of gramicidin, the maximal percent increases in fluorescenc

296 2+) influx or stimulation of Na(+) influx by gramicidin was accompanied by a facilitation of cyclic n

297 ically asymmetric proteoliposomes containing gramicidin, we expanded a recently developed protocol fo

298 This is contrary to the case of gramicidin where 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocho

299 With a pipette solution containing gramicidin, which forms Cl--impermeable pores, glucose i

300 published data concerning the interaction of gramicidin with bilayers and the hydrophobic mismatch ef