ライフサイエンスコーパス: grassland

1 terranean) and land uses (arable, forest and grassland).

2 season) and habitat terms (woodland, scrub, grassland).

3 hat assemble after destruction of old-growth grasslands).

4 e key indicators for restoration of degraded grassland.

5 grass, transitional, and shrub in a coastal grassland.

6 d and woodland proliferate at the expense of grassland.

7 s enhance coexistence in a California annual grassland.

8 rming and nitrogen deposition in a temperate grassland.

9 es, from mixed conifer forest to high-desert grassland.

10 arity on community assembly in the semi-arid grassland.

11 s, being concentrated in the top 10 cm under grassland.

12 nt negative predictor, increased in restored grassland.

13 intensity gradients for 150 forests and 150 grasslands.

14 m and sugar limitation across North American grasslands.

15 rol soil C persistence in arid and semi-arid grasslands.

16 modularity and evenness were more evident in grasslands.

17 E. sphaerocephalus in semi-natural European grasslands.

18 val reduced diversity in naturally assembled grasslands.

19 t response to anthropogenic perturbations in grasslands.

20 long the spatial gradient from arid to mesic grasslands.

21 climate change, we expect reduction of Stipa grasslands.

22 he "water-savings effect" usually invoked in grasslands.

23 derness and current connectivity to mountain grasslands.

24 st plants and butterflies in 561 seminatural grasslands.

25 wing seasons in regulating soil C release in grasslands.

26 est them using a survey of 53 North American grasslands.

27 ion, particularly with regard to grasses and grasslands.

28 bility and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands.

29 cidate the effect of soil pH on P cycling in grasslands.

30 ided conversion (11%), compost amendments to grasslands (9%), and wetland and grassland restoration (

31 In a Californian grassland, a hotspot for global biodiversity, we used a

32 sodium varied by two orders of magnitude in grasslands across 16 degrees latitude.

33 ubation datasets with soils from forests and grasslands across contrasting soil types.

34 oductivity for 243 plant communities from 42 grasslands across the globe and quantify the effect of c

35 and work to elevate the status of old-growth grasslands, alongside old-growth forests, in the public

36 d tropical grasslands, mangroves and montane grasslands also have <1% of land identified as very low

37 Here we examined how a perennial grassland and adjacent mixed forest ecosystem in New Ham

38 d plant diversity in a California serpentine grassland and found that many plant species flowered ear

39 Grassland and open woodland habitat types were used thro

40 In the arid system, grassland and shrubland plant and breeding bird communit

41 More than 3 million km(2) of forest, grassland and shrublands were converted into agricultura

42 nitrogen losses were substantial in savanna grasslands and broadleaf forests, but not in temperate a

43 t ants and other consumers across a range of grasslands and climate vary significantly in the demand

44 oric periods of sand deposition in semi-arid grasslands and external climatic conditions, land use pr

45 tion of wood in forests, livestock forage in grasslands and fish in aquatic ecosystems.

46 lands having stronger acclimation rates than grasslands and forests.

47 d States has caused widespread conversion of grasslands and other ecosystems with largely unknown con

48 s decoupled from functional diversity, e.g., grasslands and rhizospheres were the most diverse biomes

49 versity and productivity over 37 years in 21 grasslands and savannahs with known agricultural land-us

50 t species of large herbivores (ungulates) in grasslands and savannas has fascinated ecologists for de

51 Earth's ancient grasslands and savannas-hereafter old-growth grasslands-

52 s aboveground and belowground communities of grasslands and their mediated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N

53 rised of cold (e.g., boreal forests, montane grasslands and tundra) or arid (e.g., deserts) landscape

54 evaluate SOC and nitrogen (N) dynamics under grasslands and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L)-based

55 rn U.S. (Plains grassland, Chihuahuan Desert grassland, and Chihuahuan Desert shrubland).

56 reservoir in global temperate agricultural, grassland, and forest ecosystems.

57 Arable land, grassland, and forest land coexist in the saline-alkali

58 lined from natural forest to planted forest, grassland, and perennial cropland for most soil inverteb

59 nt land cover, we show that existing forest, grassland, and shrubland vegetation take up a significan

60 s to explain fire and ecosystem responses in grasslands, and how these may be understood and prioriti

61 s, and considered afforestation of savannas, grasslands, and shrublands to be restoration.

62 t, and of substantial magnitude, in forests, grasslands, and wetlands.

63 In contrast to grassland, annual seepage under the forest was minor in

64 iction, CO(2) and soil additively influenced grassland ANPP.

65 sistent positive asymmetry, whilst (natural) grasslands appear to have transitioned from positive to

66 Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to

67 Tropical dry forests and temperate grasslands are the world's most impacted biomes.

68 In light of these results, the view that all grasslands are weedy communities, trapped by fire and la

69 00-fold shifts in the biomass of four common grassland arthropod taxa-Auchenorrhyncha, sucking herbiv

70 t that ecologists should explicitly consider grassland assembly time and endogenous disturbance regim

71 ed from intact, degraded and restored alpine grasslands at altitudes ranging between 3,900 and 4,200

72 We used the long-term grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany, to e

73 ng ecosystem energetics to data from a large grassland biodiversity experiment.

74 from two of the largest and longest-running grassland biodiversity experiments (the Jena Experiment

75 poral stability (mean/standard deviation) of grassland biomass production and the plant diversity-sta

76 Human activities are transforming grassland biomass via changing climate, elemental nutrie

77 all, these experimental results suggest that grassland biomass will outstrip wild herbivore control a

78 In contrast, the temperate grassland-breeding Eurasian curlew emerged in three dist

79 ere we analyse data from 48 sites in savanna grasslands, broadleaf forests and needleleaf forests spa

80 duction sites for regal fritillary and other grassland butterflies and actions to promote the re-esta

81 y N addition suppresses CH(4) sink in global grassland by 11.4% and concurrent N and P deposition all

82 We quantified this interaction in native grassland by experimentally eliminating temporal variabi

83 mechanistic insights into the sensitivity of grassland carbon stocks to nutrient enrichment can facil

84 d small mammal communities in arid and mesic grasslands changed in response to increasing aridity and

85 o ecotones) of the southwestern U.S. (Plains grassland, Chihuahuan Desert grassland, and Chihuahuan D

86 zation - in 27 coexisting species from three grassland communities along a precipitation gradient.

87 on the ANPP response of perennial C(3) /C(4) grassland communities to a subambient to elevated CO(2)

88 We used 21 naturally assembled grassland communities to analyse the gradients of N in t

89 ed data from 12 seed addition experiments in grassland communities to examine the influence of reduci

90 icated field experiment where entire montane grassland communities were transplanted in the direction

91 enrichment had synergistic effects on alpine grassland communities.

92 19-y decline of phylogenetic diversity in a grassland community as moisture became less abundant and

93 Here, we build a lattice model of a grassland community comprising multiple species with var

94 e global change drivers on pre- and postfire grassland community structure and ANPP.

95 mental policymakers to prioritize old-growth grassland conservation and work to elevate the status of

96 But despite growing interest in grassland conservation, there has been no global test of

97 ts gradients of food web structure across 54 grasslands, consistent with multiple hypotheses of botto

98 udates are an important source of sodium for grassland consumers.

99 For instance grasslands contribute greatly to global terrestrial C fl

100 analysis including 382 data points in global grasslands corroborated these findings.

101 onverting 70-100% of these croplands to idle grassland (cost: $35.7B-50B) is required to achieve the

102 The SOM mineralization rate decreased with grassland degradation and increased after long-term (>10

103 of net ecosystem productivity in a semi-arid grassland despite whether temperature, precipitation and

104 udies (<=3 years) in both cold and temperate grasslands disappeared in longer-term experiments (>3 ye

105 gen (N) and phosphorus (P), which can reduce grassland diversity and increase productivity.

106 as larger close to areas containing tropical grasslands during the last glacial maximum, which are po

107 Here, we analyze these effects in a grassland ecosystem 9 months after an experimental fire

108 results demonstrate that fire 'reboots' the grassland ecosystem by differentially regulating plant a

109 w of the effects of global change drivers on grassland ecosystem carbon cycling and highlight a cruci

110 microbial respiration (Q(10)) in a temperate grassland ecosystem persistently decreases by 12.0 +/- 3

111 In semi-arid and temperate grasslands, ecosystem respiration (Reco) was more sensit

112 Grassland ecosystems account for more than 10% of the gl

113 soil acidification have greatly increased in grassland ecosystems due to increased industrial and agr

114 grazers that are also capable of engineering grassland ecosystems make some of the world's most impre

115 As grassland ecosystems transform globally due to anthropog

116 experimental warming stimulated C fluxes in grassland ecosystems with regard to both plant productio

117 Within semi-arid and mesic grassland ecosystems, PPT gradient experiments indicate

118 ven plant species that co-occur in temperate grassland ecosystems, we thus investigated the effect of

119 to precipitation and aridity in dryland and grassland ecosystems.

120 th expansion of open habitats including C(4) grassland ecosystems.

121 both in terms of the biome type (wooded vs. grassland environments) and the density of the vegetatio

122 he vegetation (trees in wooded and shrubs in grassland environments).

123 Degraded alpine grasslands exhibited three restoration trajectories: an

124 combined influence of Plio-Pleistocene C(4) grassland expansion and pulses of aridity after ~1 Ma.

125 food webs have not been studied in semiarid grasslands experiencing soil acidification.

126 We use a grassland experiment to disentangle effects of climate w

127 ontext of invasion and drought in California grasslands, exploring whether invasives show greater gro

128 tuating temperature, plant-soil feedbacks in grasslands, facilitation in a beach grass community, and

129 Grassland fertilisation drives non-random plant loss res

130 We studied how grassland fertilisation propagates change through the pl

131 ng a year's data collection from a long-term grassland fertiliser application experiment.

132 e predators, and vertebrate predators) in 75 grassland fields with a broad range of land-use historie

133 Grassland fire dynamics are subject to myriad climatic,

134 plant community composition in semi-natural grassland for 20 years.

135 We tracked the recovery of a grassland for two decades following an intensive agricul

136 on intervals) in terrestrial ecosystem (i.e. grasslands, forests, shrublands, tundra and croplands).

137 ion of standard plant materials buried in 21 grasslands from four continents.

138 Our findings suggest that preserving grassland functional stability requires conservation of

139 il nitrogen (N) availability is critical for grassland functioning.

140 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths from an undisturbed grassland (GP), winter wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L) rotat

141 distribution range, specialized diet or dry grassland habitat were more likely than others to disapp

142 physical properties, we argued that alfalfa grassland had the advantage to promote soil quality comp

143 The results showed that the grassland had the lowest overall sand content of 39.98-5

144 grasslands and savannas-hereafter old-growth grasslands-have long been viewed by scientists and envir

145 eater plant species diversity than secondary grasslands (i.e., herbaceous communities that assemble a

146 snow manipulation experiment in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia.

147 surements with data that we collected over a grassland in Oklahoma and a pine forest in Colorado to d

148 and under an oak savanna and over an annual grassland in the Mediterranean climate of California, US

149 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment, situated in a grassland in Wyoming, USA.

150 on soil microbial communities at the Nachusa Grasslands in northern Illinois, USA.

151 ncrease in the amount of pasture and natural grasslands in the continent.

152 t to sustain observed greening trends in NGP grasslands in the future.

153 ovariance towers over co-located forests and grasslands in the temperate eastern United States, where

154 les (n = 160) collected at flat, undisturbed grasslands in Western Europe in the framework of a harmo

155 s of climate and ecological change on burned grasslands in Xilingol, China.

156 icantly across cold, temperate and semi-arid grasslands, in that responses for most C fluxes were lar

157 of the forests is 1-2 degrees C cooler than grasslands, indicating a substantial cooling effect of r

158 Woody plant encroachment (WPE) into grasslands is a global phenomenon that is associated wit

159 n of biodiversity within previously improved grasslands is an important objective worldwide.

160 lity of plant community biomass in an alpine grassland located on the Tibetan Plateau.

161 , zebras can forage in large patches of open grasslands located near waterholes where they can also e

162 rted 37% fewer plant species than old-growth grasslands (log response ratio = -0.46) and that seconda

163 st by efforts aimed at reclaiming historical grasslands lost to high-yield agriculture.

164 ly simpler biocrusts in blue grama-dominated grassland maintained biomass, only suffering diversity l

165 F diversity on a plot scale (10 x 10 m) in a grassland managed at low intensity in southwest Germany.

166 drivers known to impact biodiversity, e.g., grassland management and current landscape composition.

167 an important context-dependent knowledge for grassland management worldwide.

168 influence across most datasets, and tropical grasslands, mangroves and montane grasslands also have <

169 Pyrogenic savannas with a tree-grassland 'matrix' experience frequent fires (i.e. every

170 ucted investigations in a wet meadow (WM), a grassland meadow (GM), a moderately degraded meadow (MDM

171 Application of iCAMP to grassland microbial communities in response to experimen

172 igher in landscapes containing old permanent grasslands, most likely because they offer a stable and

173 In conclusion, extremely degraded grassland needs proper long-term management in active re

174 luding temperate and subtropical forests and grasslands of eastern North America.

175 from naturally and experimentally assembled grasslands of varying diversity.

176 components of a black locust versus natural grassland on adjacent sites.

177 ear manipulation experiment with a semi-arid grassland on China's Loess Plateau.

178 erm active restoration of extremely degraded grassland on soil parameters have been equivocal.

179 n-acidified and acidified soil in a semiarid grassland on the Mongolian Plateau.

180 iment in a high-altitude (4600 m asl) alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to explore the effects

181 act of active restoration of degraded alpine grassland on: (a) soil organic matter (SOM) mineralizati

182 Here we collected data from 22 grasslands on five continents, all part of a globally re

183 nial grass used for revegetation of degraded grasslands on the Loess Plateau, China.

184 and N contents, and soil environment across grasslands on the Mongolian Plateau.

185 heir availability within the territory, with grassland, open woodland and dense thicket being favoure

186 llowed us to determine ideal habitat ratios (grassland:open woodland:low shrubland of 1.00:6.10:0.09

187 tively, compared to their native vegetation (grassland or woodland) pairs, and irrigated croplands ha

188 ific indicators of land use (arable, forest, grasslands) or soil conditions (pH, organic C, texture).

189 foundation for predicting future patterns in grassland organism nutritional ecology as plant species

190 In the context of the expansion of savanna grasslands, our results represent a resource-rich mosaic

191 ounded by more favorable land covers such as grassland, pasture, conservation land, and fallow fields

192 ent (250 to 500 uL L(-1)) for eight years to grassland plant communities on soils from different land

193 Here, we compare data from real-world grassland plant communities with data from two of the la

194 ng-term changes in growth patterns in alpine grassland plant communities, and suggest that earlier ph

195 Here we use a long-term (20 year) grassland plant diversity by nitrogen enrichment experim

196 e find that restoration of late-successional grassland plant diversity leads to accelerating annual c

197 t, where 50 non-resident (but mostly native) grassland plant species were sown into savannah plots, w

198 ese predictions by growing native California grassland plants in competition with nonnative Lactuca s

199 ile of historical event size) on undisturbed grassland plots.

200 e, positive influence of CO(2) enrichment on grassland productivity that resulted from the direct phy

201 In the grassland, record-breaking temperatures in the winter of

202 ed a 4 yr manipulative experiment to explore grassland response to heavy rainfall imposed in either t

203 endments to grasslands (9%), and wetland and grassland restoration (5%).

204 community assembly mechanism(s) drive(s) the grassland restoration in semi-arid region, we investigat

205 suggesting that niche theory structured the grassland restoration in this region.

206 ikely produced both forest loss and Imperata grassland restoration in this region.

207 In particular, the retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive landscapes may of

208 iversity and structure of AMF communities in grasslands, savannas, dry forests and miombo in a protec

209 Thus, although unburned grassland showed little initial response to multiple eco

210 n forests, savannas, and urban areas than in grasslands, shrublands, and croplands.

211 al treatments across 27 globally distributed grassland sites across 4 continents.

212 The Zn fluxes at three grassland sites in Switzerland were determined by a deta

213 rge-seeded species most strongly affected in grasslands (smallest seeds), and relatively small-seeded

214 opogenic nutrient enrichment might influence grassland soil carbon storage at a global scale.

215 e phytate for growth compared with arable or grassland soil communities.

216 20 proteomic data sets from a Mediterranean grassland soil ecosystem and recovered 793 near-complete

217 Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking co

218 forest soils (2.43) and the lowest found for grassland soils (1.67) and significantly increased with

219 0.1%) and abundant (>1%) bacteria in dryland grassland soils on the Tibetan Plateau.

220 Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C

221 Failure of grassland soils to accumulate SOC was attributed to redu

222 that in a warmer and drier future fertilized grassland soils will have an even more limited potential

223 biomass and lesser dominance by bacteria in grassland soils.

224 In 53 North American grasslands spanning 16 degrees latitude, Kaspari et al.

225 Specifically, we compared grasslands spanning a broad precipitation gradient ( app

226 Using an experiment replicated in 58 grasslands spanning six continents, we show that nutrien

227 were still missing characteristic old-growth grassland species (e.g., long-lived perennials).

228 shouse experiment consisting of 21 temperate grassland species grown under three different environmen

229 We subjected two common grassland species that differ widely in their growth str

230 In a 17-year field study of grassland species, we used two full factorial experiment

231 Because of this coupling, grassland stability is robust to large food web perturba

232 m structure worldwide, such that savanna and grassland states determined by fire or grazing can be co

233 immobilization, which could severely impact grassland structure and functioning.

234 t is unclear if such findings from temperate grassland studies similarly pertain to warmer ecosystems

235 In grassland studies, an intermediate level of grazing ofte

236 Mature biocrusts in black grama grassland suffered severe losses in cyanobacterial bioma

237 3.5% of remnant forest and 28.4% of highland grasslands suitable for Araucaria.

238 as been no global test of whether old-growth grasslands support greater plant species diversity than

239 , emerging research suggests that old-growth grasslands support substantial biodiversity and are slow

240 ints on six continents, found that secondary grasslands supported 37% fewer plant species than old-gr

241 increased winter snowfall may stabilize arid grassland systems by reducing resource competition, prom

242 esults indicate that the vegetation in these grassland systems is not very sensitive to the range of

243 vegetation has a greater relative effect in grassland than in wooded biomes.

244 c mean diameter were significantly higher in grassland than those of the arable and forest land.

245 Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the po

246 ffect soil net N(min) across a wide range of grasslands that vary in soil and climatic properties.

247 gradients-from mangroves to tropical alpine grasslands-that are unmatched in the Asia-Pacific region

248 hesize yield responses to P fertilisation in grasslands, the most common type of agricultural land, t

249 Grasslands throughout the world are responding in divers

250 he land had been historically converted from grassland to crop.

251 We exposed a temperate heath/grassland to eCO(2) , warming, and drought, in all combi

252 e responses of 128 components of a subarctic grassland to either 5-8 or >50 years of soil warming.

253 bility across gradients of tree density from grassland to forest in the Brazilian Cerrado.

254 tential for conversion of arable cropland to grassland to sequester carbon in the short to medium ter

255 is shift in plant community composition from grassland to shrub thicket alters the role of barrier is

256 density revealed that intense grazing caused grasslands to green up faster, more intensely, and for a

257 in field plots at arid, semiarid, and mesic grasslands to investigate temporal and spatial precipita

258 nnuals commonly found in southern California grasslands to reproductive maturity under both well-wate

259 Regime shift from grasslands to shrub-dominated landscapes occur worldwide

260 Conversion from grasslands to shrublands without creating additional bar

261 se standardized surveys of 54 North American grasslands to test alternate hypotheses predicting 100-f

262 Our study shows that grassland-to-crop conversion has long-lasting impacts on

263 More concerning, <1% of temperate grasslands, tropical coniferous forests and tropical dry

264 fluxes to experimental warming across three grassland types (cold, temperate, and semi-arid), warmin

265 In both grassland types, trophic interactions proportionately de

266 g response ratio = -0.46) and that secondary grasslands typically require at least a century, and mor

267 pecific community composition in a semi-arid grassland under long-term simulation of six different ra

268 atively impact soil net N(min) across global grasslands under realistic field conditions.

269 nship between grazing and plant diversity in grasslands under variable intensities of grazing pressur

270 s to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabi

271 Grasslands vary in the quantity and quality of essential

272 oveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of grassland vegetation, but the magnitude of the ANPP-CO(2

273 climate change on phosphorus availability to grassland vegetation.

274 to global terrestrial C fluxes, and to date grassland warming experiments provide the opportunity to

275 rassland was microbial biomass, for degraded grassland was basal microbial respiration, and for resto

276 predictive factor of CO(2) -Q(10) for intact grassland was microbial biomass, for degraded grassland

277 asal microbial respiration, and for restored grassland was soil bulk density.

278 conducting a field experiment in a temperate grassland, we found that both plant richness and tempora

279 easonal biomass dynamics of a Tibetan alpine grassland, we show that climate change promoted both ear

280 porative water use by the savanna and annual grassland were relatively decoupled from the booms and b

281 Young (<29 y) secondary grasslands were composed of weedy species, and even as t

282 creased over decades to centuries, secondary grasslands were still missing characteristic old-growth

283 ly dry shrubland with varying proportions of grassland, wetland and riparian forest.

284 In an annual grassland where winter drought-induced seedling mortalit

285 tions was more evident in the Tibetan alpine grasslands where P limitation might become more widespre

286 In grasslands where spider biomass was low, herbivore bioma

287 P), while the opposite was observed for cold grasslands, where warming produced a net increase in who

288 ts, driven by the belowground compartment in grasslands, while forest responses to land management we

289 rall, our results suggest that this semiarid grassland will respond positively and linearly to predic

290 elayed precipitation peaks indicate semiarid grasslands will release less C through soil respiratory

291 the frequency of extreme dry years in mesic grasslands will therefore weaken predation pressure belo

292 In a 50-ha northern California grassland with a mosaic of plant communities generated b

293 increased scavenging and meat consumption in grasslands with higher carbohydrate availability.

294 e significantly different between arable and grassland, with higher biomass and lesser dominance by b

295 nges induced by the burial over 90 days in a grassland, woodland and two peatland sites, one damaged

296 xpansion is threatening the extent of alpine grasslands worldwide, and evaluating and predicting its

297 ism transformed human diets and societies in grasslands worldwide.

298 ntial (laboratory) soil net N(min) across 30 grasslands worldwide.

299 experimental precipitation manipulations in grasslands worldwide.

300 onserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide.