ライフサイエンスコーパス: gymnosperm

1 b and c from an asterid to Gnetum (Gnetales, gymnosperms).

2 ) within gymnosperms (conifers vs. "ancient" gymnosperms).

3 d in the nucleus of four angiosperms and one gymnosperm.

4 lineages before the split of angiosperms and gymnosperms.

5 t their biosynthesis and ecological roles in gymnosperms.

6 variation in many angiosperms compared with gymnosperms.

7 in bryophytes, seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms.

8 range of dominant Early Cretaceous ferns and gymnosperms.

9 gene in the megasporangium and integument in gymnosperms.

10 ily (SSU II) present in both angiosperms and gymnosperms.

11 ase genes have been described previously for gymnosperms.

12 g to extant angiosperms diverged from extant gymnosperms.

13 ch RNA binding proteins from angiosperms and gymnosperms.

14 ier, in a common ancestor of angiosperms and gymnosperms.

15 ablished in the less evolutionarily advanced gymnosperms.

16 conserved motifs exist in pteridophytes and gymnosperms.

17 little is known about lignin pathway OMTs in gymnosperms.

18 ect, unitegmic ovules that resemble those of gymnosperms.

19 y of the RNL subfamily and a lack of data in Gymnosperms.

20 nd angiosperm species decomposed faster than gymnosperms.

21 re more vulnerable to embolism than noncycad gymnosperms.

22 nce G and higher sensitivity to VPD than did gymnosperms.

23 fied cell type found in both angiosperms and gymnosperms.

24 ent transfusion tissue morphologies in other gymnosperms.

25 of bennettitalean, ginkgoalean, and pinalean gymnosperms.

26 ement was acquired with the emergence of the gymnosperms.

27 emains less well understood, particularly in gymnosperms.

28 acity to attain pre-drought growth rates) in gymnosperms.

29 and cuticle thickness observed among extant gymnosperms.

30 mologs of species as evolutionary distant as gymnosperms.

31 kgoalean, cycad, conifer, and bennettitalean gymnosperms.

32 omatal optimization in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms.

33 been conducted on angiosperms, but seldom on gymnosperms.

34 most land plant lineages, but it is rare in gymnosperms.

35 alyzed their abundance and homogeneity in 42 gymnosperm (29 newly sequenced), 29 angiosperm (one newl

36 nd role of CCoAOMT in lignin biosynthesis in gymnosperms, a 1.3 kb CCoAOMT cDNA was isolated from lob

37 ant species, including many angiosperms, two gymnosperms, a moss (Physcomitrella patens), and a unice

38 ibition of the potential NAG activity in the gymnosperm-acclimatized soils.

39 d condensed tannins (CTs, produced mostly by gymnosperms) against the potential activity of beta-gluc

40 reductase plays a key role in the ability of gymnosperms, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria to green

41 lowering plants evolved from an unidentified gymnosperm ancestor.

42 The documented differences between gymnosperm and angiosperm longevity are likely rooted in

43 eranyl fatty acid esters, known from various gymnosperm and angiosperm plant species, accumulated in

44 provide material for comparative analysis of gymnosperm and angiosperm sequences, ESTs were obtained

45 s tested, expression of 11 was detected in a gymnosperm and eight in a fern, directly demonstrating t

46 stigated the functional conservation between gymnosperms and angiosperms of key transcription factors

47 Despite these morphological differences, gymnosperms and angiosperms possess a similar genetic to

48 We found that gymnosperms and angiosperms showed different spatial pat

49 egaphyllous leaves in euphyllophytes (ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms).

50 atmospheric deposition, accumulation in both gymnosperms and angiosperms, mechanisms of transfer, and

51 e development of reproductive organs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms.

52 rgence from bryophytes, and later emerged in gymnosperms and angiosperms.

53 , as are chemical biomarkers consistent with gymnosperms and angiosperms.

54 relationships between miRNAs and AS in both gymnosperms and angiosperms.

55 ion and cell expansion are conserved between gymnosperms and angiosperms.

56 lits between 1) seed and non-seed plants; 2) gymnosperms and angiosperms; and/or 3) within gymnosperm

57 Additionally, gymnosperms and ferns share a CMT homolog closely relate

58 d led to replacement and often extinction of gymnosperms and ferns.

59 kely extends to all angiosperms and possibly gymnosperms and ferns.

60 c structure and evolution of angiosperms and gymnosperms and find that angiosperm genomes are more dy

61 450 families that predated the separation of gymnosperms and flowering plants.

62 was first assembled before the divergence of gymnosperms and has been conserved in most seed plants.

63 exibility in leaf gas exchange unrivalled by gymnosperms and pteridophytes.

64 te when terrestrial communities dominated by gymnosperms and reptiles were also expanding.

65 SEP genes have not been detected in gymnosperms and seem to have originated since the lineag

66 8-FLZ-SnRK1 regulatory axis first appears in gymnosperms and seems to be highly conserved during the

67 ansion of RPW8-encoding genes, especially in gymnosperms and species of the Rosaceae.

68 are generally first found in the genomes of gymnosperms and that they arose independently in monocot

69 One striking example involves the decline of gymnosperms and the rapid diversification and ecological

70 erpreting the reproductive modes of Mesozoic gymnosperms and the significance of insect pollination i

71 hierarchical venation: angiosperms, Gnetum (gymnosperm) and Dipteris (fern).

72 iomass density, phylogeny (i.e., angiosperm, gymnosperm), and the interaction of mean annual temperat

73 he trait differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms), and the second dimension was related to ch

74 found in non-grass species (monocot, dicot, gymnosperm, and moss species) including Arabidopsis thal

75 r clades of euphyllophytes, including ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms (monocots and eudicots), an

76 ng bryophytes and lycophytes, whereas ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms share a single, 30-kb inver

77 This thiol switch is unique to mosses, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

78 that has evolved in parallel with the ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

79 es including mosses, bryophytes, lycophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

80 of the mono- and dicotyledonous angiosperms, gymnosperms, and bryophytes, were produced in insect cel

81 ies representing 52 families of angiosperms, gymnosperms, and ferns.

82 spanning diverse clades (bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants), we demonstrate a con

83 ciation of UGTs from free-sporing plants and gymnosperms, and identified an additional UGT group (gro

84 n the diversification of angiosperms, ferns, gymnosperms, and mosses as well as various groups of ani

85 re identified in dicotyledonous angiosperms, gymnosperms, and other plants such as algae, moss, and f

86 owth normalizations for both angiosperms and gymnosperms, and the quantitative form of several functi

87 hases, also in the TPS-e/f clade, before the gymnosperm-angiosperm split.

88 basal lineages of vascular plants, including gymnosperms, appeared to respond passively to changes in

89 pproaches to investigate cone development in gymnosperms are limited, our state-of-the-art biophysica

90 angiosperms in wet regions or biomes, but AM gymnosperms are more drought-tolerant than EcM gymnosper

91 alkane values and the epsilonwax-p values in gymnosperms are similar to those of dicotyledonous speci

92 (including bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns and gymnosperms) are able to replace the role of the type-II

93 ion of specialized diterpenoid metabolism in gymnosperms as a basis to better understand the role of

94 void long branches consistently identify all gymnosperms as a monophyletic sister group to angiosperm

95 id and why this lineage overcame an apparent gymnosperm barrier to whole-genome duplication (WGD).

96 dly increased, but resistance decreased, for gymnosperms between 1950-1969 and 1990-2009, indicating

97 y lineages evolved in the tropics, with many gymnosperms but few angiosperms adapting to high latitud

98 end in S(W) is statistically significant for gymnosperms but not for angiosperms.

99 lies that diversifies in pre-seed plants and gymnosperms, but are not preserved in angiosperms.

100 sis revealed MIR828 homologues in dicots and gymnosperms, but only in one basal monocot, whereas TAS4

101 s specialized pollinators of various extinct gymnosperms, but pollen has never been observed on or in

102 erally believed that angiosperms outcompeted gymnosperms, but the macroevolutionary processes and alt

103 The large-scale replacement of gymnosperms by angiosperms in many ecological niches ove

104 perms conferred a competitive advantage over gymnosperms by increasing the dynamic range (plasticity)

105 s led to estimates of enhanced scorch of the gymnosperm canopy and a greater chance of transitioning

106 In gymnosperm cell walls, any role for xylan is unclear, an

107 in eudicots, early-branching angiosperm, and gymnosperm cell walls.

108 tion patterns in Australia's most successful gymnosperm clade, Callitris, the world's most drought-re

109 ransitions among major plant lineages (i.e., gymnosperms, commelinids, and eudicots) shape resource u

110 but greater A(net) , responses to eCO(2) in gymnosperms compared with angiosperm PFTs.

111 ere larger at hotter and drier sites and for gymnosperms compared with angiosperms.

112 wer stomatal slope parameter (g(1) ) for the gymnosperm, compared with angiosperm, species.

113 ith a homogeneous pit membrane and a typical gymnosperm conduit with a torus-margo pit membrane struc

114 Female gymnosperm cones and angiosperm carpels share conserved

115 olling development in angiosperm flowers and gymnosperm cones may help to elucidate the mysterious or

116 However, male gymnosperm cones share genetic features with both perian

117 genetic mapping data from the OP design of a gymnosperm coniferous species, Torreya grandis, identify

118 ymnosperms and angiosperms; and/or 3) within gymnosperms (conifers vs. "ancient" gymnosperms).

119 Within modern gymnosperms, conifers and Ginkgo are exclusively wind po

120 nd the genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them fu

121 pull stems upward, while compression wood of gymnosperms creates compressive force to push stems upwa

122 tic bacteria, cyanobacteria, green algae and gymnosperms, dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidored

123 Our gymnosperm data identifies unreported candidate ovule re

124 The process of embryogenesis in gymnosperms differs in significant ways from the more wi

125 Previously described gymnosperm diTPSs of DRA biosynthesis are bifunctional e

126 xtinction and speciation have shaped today's gymnosperm diversity, contradicting the widespread assum

127 gh the two sesquiterpene synthases from this gymnosperm do not very closely resemble terpene synthase

128 bably occurred during the Late Jurassic on a gymnosperm-dominated flora.

129 ave underestimated the impacts of drought on gymnosperm-dominated forests under future climate change

130 n forbs and deciduous shrubs, and a third on gymnosperms-each including samples from all herbivore sp

131 o assess similarities between angiosperm and gymnosperm embryo development, we examined our EST colle

132 lated to pollination are rare and unclear in gymnosperms, especially in Cupressaceae.

133 This result demonstrates that preconifer gymnosperms evolved the biosynthetic mechanisms to produ

134 Angiosperms and gymnosperms experienced roughly equal mortality risks.

135 from representatives of other angiosperm and gymnosperm families.

136 ning major groups-cycads separate from other gymnosperms first, followed by Ginkgo and then (Gnetales

137 hypothesis for developmental regulation in a gymnosperm "floral progenitor." Accordingly, in contrast

138 ch as cyanobacteria, green algae, mosses and gymnosperms, FLV-dependent electron flow protects PSI fr

139 ve increased fire frequency and mortality in gymnosperm forest, aiding their own expansion.

140 Gymnosperm forests tended to allocate more nutrients to

141 In contrast to angiosperms, pines and other gymnosperms form well-developed suspensors in somatic em

142 ource, we assemble deep transcriptomes of 14 gymnosperms, four angiosperms, and two ferns and identif

143 ation of this new palaeo-LMA proxy to fossil gymnosperms from East Greenland reveals significant shif

144 no evidence for polyploidy in pine, although gymnosperms generally have much larger genomes than the

145 of the publication of the first conifer and gymnosperm genomes.

146 est abundance/heterogeneity was found in the gymnosperm genus Cycas (Cycadaceae), in which megabase-s

147 regulatory mechanisms operate in the ancient gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba, we measured Lhcb mRNA levels i

148 lycophyte Selaginella kraussiana and in two gymnosperms, Ginkgo and Pseudotsuga.

149 for AM- and ECM-associating angiosperms and gymnosperms (> 200 species) from temperate and tropical/

150 ntly, however, assembled genome sequences of gymnosperms have been missing from this picture.

151 Angiosperms and gymnosperms have evolved strikingly different types of r

152 Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms,

153 contradicting the widespread assumption that gymnosperms have remained largely unchanged for tens of

154 Whereas gymnosperms have single or sparsely branched parallel ve

155 sic walls and callose plugs (in contrast, no gymnosperms have these features).

156 In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annu

157 of the mutant resemble those of some fossil gymnosperms, implicating BEL1 and HD-ZIPIII genes as pla

158 ardwoods in Mediterranean forests and taller gymnosperms in boreal forests) and latitudinal gradients

159 mnosperms are more drought-tolerant than EcM gymnosperms in dry regions or biomes, and (2) in both an

160 a hallmark of angiosperms because ferns and gymnosperms in general lack lignin of this type.

161 versification into most families occurred on gymnosperms in the Jurassic, beginning approximately 166

162 rts an earlier singular finding in spruce, a gymnosperm, indicating that the pathway of 21-nt reprodu

163 However, most evidence supports gymnosperm-insect pollinator associations, buttressed by

164 these factors, mean Delta(leaf) of evergreen gymnosperms is lower (by 1-2.7 per thousand) than for ot

165 Phloem loading in gymnosperms is not well understood, due to a profoundly

166 e, sesquiterpene, and diterpene synthases of gymnosperms is surprising since functional diversificati

167 e evolution from the 'naked-seed' plants, or gymnosperms, is a reduced female gametophyte, comprising

168 A detailed phylogenetic analysis showed that gymnosperms lack both F5H and orthologs of NST1/SND1.

169 tudinal gradients (e.g. larger proportion of gymnosperm-like strategies at low water availability in

170 ion of the region in the three genera of the gymnosperm lineage Gnetales (Gnetum, Welwitschia, and Ep

171 an from the secondary cell walls of the four gymnosperm lineages (Conifer, Gingko, Cycad, and Gnetoph

172 ent global domination [1], replacing earlier gymnosperm lineages [2].

173 , but before the split of the angiosperm and gymnosperm lineages more than 300 million years ago.

174 especially in the more ancient, nonflowering gymnosperm lineages.

175 ere estimated in the long-lived, outcrossing gymnosperm loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) from a survey

176 Phylogenetic analysis of gymnosperm, lycophyte, and liverwort DFGs and similar ge

177 to suggest that the rarity of polyploidy in gymnosperms may be due to slow diploidization in this cl

178 of methylation of lignins in angiosperms and gymnosperms, mediated by substrate-specific OMTs, repres

179 major lineages of plants, including mosses, gymnosperms, monocots and eudicots.

180 at MBO synthase falls into the TPS-d1 group (gymnosperm monoterpene synthases) and is most closely re

181 ancestor common to angiosperms and advanced gymnosperms more than 220 million years ago.

182 rithms may be a powerful tool for predicting gymnosperm mortality induced by chronic stress, but not

183 omes and ESTs revealed AAH-like sequences in gymnosperms, mosses, and algae.

184 (false blister beetles), that had an earlier gymnosperm (most likely cycad) host association, later t

185 is Exesipollenites, attributed to a Mesozoic gymnosperm, most likely the Bennettitales.

186 chloroplast division mutants showed that the gymnosperm MurE completely rescued both mutant phenotype

187 or the evolution of MIR828 from an ancestral gymnosperm MYB gene and subsequent formation of TAS4 by

188 and 414 species of angiosperms (n = 376) and gymnosperms (n = 38).

189 nary conserved in seed plants, including the gymnosperm Norway spruce (Picea abies) and the angiosper

190 ication, cloning and characterization of the gymnosperm Norway spruce (Picea abies, Pa) ESP.

191 For both angiosperms and gymnosperms, observations from sites with high climatic

192 most major lineages of coccoids shifted from gymnosperms onto angiosperms when the latter became dive

193 each defined by its host-plant associations (gymnosperm or angiosperm) and evolutionary pattern (exti

194 on forest biomes or between angiosperms and gymnosperms or evergreen and deciduous tree species.

195 le of apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in gymnosperm phenolic metabolism, an extracellular lignin-

196 e previously identified in the genome of the gymnosperm Picea abies but these could be pseudogenes or

197 This hypothesis was corroborated in two gymnosperms (Picea engelmannii and Pinus contorta) that

198 To address this, we isolated KCBP from a gymnosperm, Picea abies, and a green alga, Stichococcus

199 We have used the gymnosperm, Picea abies, somatic embryogenesis model sys

200 s from rice and Arabidopsis mutants, natural gymnosperm pine, along with G-type synthetic lignin, dem

201 However, mCG-enriched genes in the gymnosperm Pinus taeda shared some similarities with gbM

202 ylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase from the gymnosperm, Pinus taeda, was cloned, with the recombinan

203 s and B-genes is also conserved in two other gymnosperms, Pinus and Picea.

204 In gymnosperms pollen reception must be near the egg largel

205 d transportation of pollen grains and likely gymnosperm pollination by 110-105 million years ago, pos

206 gmatic, mid-Mesozoic insects associated with gymnosperm pollination.

207 t other long-proboscid Mesozoic insects were gymnosperm pollinators.

208 ce-related functional traits of a widespread gymnosperm (ponderosa pine - Pinus ponderosa) and angios

209 ue among flowering plants, but common to all gymnosperms: pre-fertilization allocation of nutrients t

210 de-off between resistance and resilience for gymnosperms, previously reported only spatially, also oc

211 Specialized diterpenoid metabolism in gymnosperms primarily recruits bifunctional class-I/II d

212 osperms, are related instead to other extant gymnosperms, probably most closely to conifers.

213 ification between angiosperm trees and their gymnosperm progenitors.

214 mains, resembling the hypothesized ancestral gymnosperm program, are deployed across morphologically

215 e found a parallel loss of the AP2 domain in gymnosperms providing a rare snapshot of how protein fam

216 ago and has been maintained in angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and some bryophytes as a str

217 ient clades appear to predate the angiosperm-gymnosperm radiation.

218 Living gymnosperms represent the survivors of ancient seed plan

219 s floral organs traces to those operating in gymnosperm reproductive cones.

220 flower development, might also contribute to gymnosperm reproductive development.

221 e, suggesting its possible habit of visiting gymnosperm reproductive organs for pollen feeding and/or

222 y-occurring membranes in the xylem tissue of gymnosperm sapwood enable its use as an abundantly-avail

223 s, two new specimens of Longipteryx preserve gymnosperm seeds within the abdominal cavity interpreted

224 ls are reported to reach a maximum of 30% in gymnosperm severe compression wood zones but are limited

225 ong and long-lasting declines were found for gymnosperms, shade- and drought-tolerant species, and tr

226 e inhibition in the angiosperm soils than in gymnosperm soils.

227 Although most eudicot and gymnosperm species generate lignins solely via polymeriz

228 Taiwania cryptomerioides is a monotypic gymnosperm species, valued for the high decay resistance

229 allelopathic effect of one of the Wind River gymnosperm species.

230 nt mortality for 262 woody angiosperm and 48 gymnosperm species.

231 in branch xylem across 335 angiosperm and 89 gymnosperm species.

232 This P450 belongs to the apparently gymnosperm-specific CYP750 family and is, to our knowled

233 e the expression of candidate ovule genes in gymnosperm-specific ovule structures.

234 ne synthase, all of which are members of the gymnosperm-specific TPS-d subfamily.

235 DRA biosynthesis form a new clade within the gymnosperm-specific TPS-d3 subfamily that evolved from b

236 An initial angiosperm-gymnosperm split implies a long stem lineage preceding t

237 coded by these genes predates the angiosperm-gymnosperm split.

238 e angiosperms and Ephedra but not from lower gymnosperms, suggesting that this epitope arose in an an

239 Gymnosperm taxa displayed low g (s) and g (m), but they

240 1b necessarily did not include gymnosperm taxa.

241 Despite notable exceptions, long-lived gymnosperms tend to follow the first path through slow g

242 ghly elongated leaves in ferns, monocots and gymnosperms tended to have highly elongated cells.

243 placement and phase, and exon size) of these gymnosperm terpene synthases was compared to eight previ

244 Cycads are an ancient group of tropical gymnosperms that are toxic to most animals - including h

245 of the pine family (Pinaceae) are a group of gymnosperms that dominate large parts of the world's for

246 c discrimination () in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms that grew across a range of ca spanning at l

247 Cycads are an ancient lineage of gymnosperms that maintain a plethora of symbiotic associ

248 Cycads are ancient seed plants (gymnosperms) that emerged by the early Permian.

249 ies richness, and we hypothesize that, as in gymnosperms, the low extant bryophyte species richness a

250 Gymnosperms, the oldest living seed plants, are an untap

251 ns from representative monocots, dicots, and gymnosperms, the pl 4.6 isozyme cross-linked highly sele

252 As transfusion tissue is present in all gymnosperms, the reversible collapse of transfusion trac

253 understood by a morphological comparison to gymnosperms, their closest relatives, which develop sepa

254 ange of early-diverging angiosperms (eight), gymnosperms (three), and ferns (two).

255 thetic physiology of ferns, angiosperms, and gymnosperms through Earth's history demonstrated that pa

256 llinator associations in the transition from gymnosperm to angiosperm dominance.

257 showed an obvious gradient progressing from gymnosperms to dicots to monocots.

258 s, the stomatal responses of angiosperms and gymnosperms to soil water tend to converge, consistent w

259 White spruce (Picea glauca), a gymnosperm tree, has been established as one of the mode

260 arnaseH102E in representative angiosperm and gymnosperm trees indicates that this gene can be used to

261 undersides of branches and leaning stems in gymnosperm trees.

262 In some gymnosperms, two codons of chlB mRNA are changed by RNA

263 Gymnosperms typically have reduced frequencies of a numb

264 itecture that provide fitness advantages for gymnosperms under high abiotic stress, and for angiosper

265 dant hemicellulose in the secondary walls of gymnosperms, understanding its biosynthesis may facilita

266 s or biomes, and (2) in both angiosperms and gymnosperms, variation in hydraulic traits as well as th

267 bservation that the Pschi4 gene from pine (a gymnosperm) was appropriately regulated by chitosan in t

268 th evolutionary history (i.e. angiosperms vs gymnosperms), water availability (i.e. aridity index) an

269 Among gymnosperms, we found equivocal evidence for ancient pol

270 urther our understanding of embryogenesis in gymnosperms, we have generated Expressed Sequence Tags (

271 The gymnosperm Welwitschia mirabilis belongs to the ancient,

272 l diTPS functions not previously observed in gymnosperms were characterized, including monofunctional

273 on-growth decoupling between angiosperms and gymnosperms were determined, as well as stronger decoupl

274 Gymnosperms were more sensitive to greater amounts of wa

275 data of 447 species of woody angiosperms and gymnosperms were used for a phylogenetic analysis of end

276 ant evolution, being one of the first extant gymnosperms where seeds evolved, can testify to the evol

277 ts, and they are primarily known from fossil gymnosperms, where empty cavities of former CaOx crystal

278 emerged before separation of angiosperms and gymnosperms whereas the last emerged before the monocot-

279 nced growths are observed in dry forests and gymnosperms, whereas the enhanced growths after extreme

280 s was the divergence between angiosperms and gymnosperms, whereas the widest divergence was between C

281 graminaceous C(4), and formed a clade with a gymnosperm, which is consistent with H. verticillata PEP

282 and belongs to bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms, which eventually yielded to the ecological

283 sm between an Australian Macrozamia cycad (a gymnosperm with male and female individuals) and its spe

284 pret our new finding within the evolution of gymnosperms with a literature review of fossil nurse log

285 CO2 declined through the Cretaceous, whereas gymnosperms with a low gmax would experience severe phot

286 rifera, was better in the coldest years, and gymnosperms with intermediate leaf-out timing, such as w

287 The growth of gymnosperms with late spring leaf-out strategies was neg

288 Ginkgo is an ancient lineage of dioecious gymnosperms with special value for studying the mechanis

289 time after the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, with F5H possibly originating as a componen

290 se substitution patterns are compatible with gymnosperm xylan binding to hydrophilic surfaces of cell