ライフサイエンスコーパス: ha(s|ve|d) prove(d|n) difficult

1 ver, assembling evidence for this hypothesis has proved difficult.

2 biomolecular signalling cues in such systems has proved difficult.

3 p(3) C-H bonds in C-C bond forming reactions has proved difficult.

4 nd loading using microfabrication technology has proved difficult.

5 targeting of Ras proteins by small molecules has proved difficult.

6 ces during behaviorally-relevant motor tasks has proved difficult.

7 y, implementation of the IOM recommendations has proved difficult.

8 y for directing conservation investments but has proved difficult.

9 polyglutamine proteins in the brain and body has proved difficult.

10 at self-assemble into non-compact structures has proved difficult.

11 t quantitation of the rate of transfer often has proved difficult.

12 rare BRCA2 missense mutations on cancer risk has proved difficult.

13 pharmacological sensitivity in target organs has proved difficult.

14 key functional distinctions between species has proved difficult.

15 to consider the response of ecosystems to OA has proved difficult.

16 mating this parameter in natural populations has proved difficult.

17 the parameters that lead to immunodominance has proved difficult.

18 turbation of ROS at the organellar interface has proven difficult.

19 t characterizing production by source sector has proven difficult.

20 that stimulates a tolerance-inducing pathway has proven difficult.

21 Predicting these limits has proven difficult.

22 d assays, but moving RET into intact animals has proven difficult.

23 levels of voluntary drinking in these models has proven difficult.

24 g immunogens that recapitulate such epitopes has proven difficult.

25 reliable molecular players and/or biomarkers has proven difficult.

26 dependent on infiltrating inflammatory cells has proven difficult.

27 t large spatial scales in natural landscapes has proven difficult.

28 he Co(dmgBF2)2L2 system, but its observation has proven difficult.

29 t identifying specific underlying mechanisms has proven difficult.

30 ncer but its effective therapeutic targeting has proven difficult.

31 targeting the resulting deregulated pathways has proven difficult.

32 unds with high specificity among the kinases has proven difficult.

33 this mechanism for membrane-bound receptors has proven difficult.

34 g artificial DBDs, designing artificial TADs has proven difficult.

35 ctures, but engineering multi-tissue anatomy has proven difficult.

36 ,4-hydroxycarbonyls in OH + alkane reactions has proven difficult.

37 ibutions of ECM stiffness and dimensionality has proven difficult.

38 in-based concepts into novel polymer designs has proven difficult.

39 rved, but delineation of the PWS-IC in mouse has proven difficult.

40 er, yet the identification of relevant genes has proven difficult.

41 tifying these distinct inflammatory pathways has proven difficult.

42 ers, but identifying the neurons responsible has proven difficult.

43 isk assessment (ERA) of contaminant mixtures has proven difficult.

44 finding chemically defined, robust substrata has proven difficult.

45 identification of Ags that elicit these Abs has proven difficult.

46 fication of physiologically relevant ligands has proven difficult.

47 tion of genes that predispose to the illness has proven difficult.

48 their effect on risk conferring transcripts, has proven difficult.

49 ese actions in chemically identified neurons has proven difficult.

50 study from patients with autoimmune disease has proven difficult.

51 een numerically expanded by in vitro culture has proven difficult.

52 onmental factors in this burgeoning epidemic has proven difficult.

53 effective therapies to stimulate contraction has proven difficult.

54 ate, a state that is by definition inactive, has proven difficult.

55 nced in-flight with the survival of migrants has proven difficult.

56 shing consistency in findings across studies has proven difficult.

57 ace behaviors is of crucial significance but has proven difficult.

58 uptake by the liver in live model organisms has proven difficult.

59 complete eradication of established disease has proven difficult.

60 rammable shapes outside a liquid environment has proven difficult.

61 plementation of this gain-of-function system has proven difficult.

62 (WPV) cases since 1988, tackling the last 1% has proven difficult.

63 pact of DAT changes on drug taking behaviors has proven difficult.

64 es, but acquiring similar evidence in humans has proven difficult.

65 ols to accurately capture splicing variation has proven difficult.

66 n the basis of the action of glucocorticoids have proven difficult.

67 been observed as both experiment and theory have proven difficult.

68 essive DM1 phenotypes, such as muscle power, have proven difficult.

69 nd producing paCOS with patterns of interest have proven difficult.

70 erance and determining its behavioral impact have proven difficult.

71 he trained neural network model, a task that has proved difficult across many domains.

72 Vaccine development has proved difficult and resistance has emerged for most

73 spersion of particles in polymeric materials has proven difficult and frequently results in phase sep

74 Demonstrating this potential, however, has proven difficult and is restricted to structurally s

75 table OPCs from human pluripotent stem cells has proven difficult and primary OPCs are not readily av

76 covery of hepatitis C virus (HCV), treatment has proven difficult and the regimen of pegylated interf

77 Disease management has proven difficult and there are no broadly licensed v

78 Describing this transition quantitatively has proved difficult, and one of the main unsolved probl

79 , or sensory neurons, throughout the cochlea has proven difficult, and no studies have been able to e

80 ecific role of TRIM32 in LGMD2H pathogenesis has proven difficult, as neurogenic phenotypes, independ

81 However, its study has proven difficult, as timing on this scale is deeply

82 derlying such putatively multiquantal events has proven difficult at hair cell synapses, hindering co

83 linking quantum-enabled devices with cables has proved difficult because most cavity or circuit quan

84 h-temperature cuprate superconductors (HTSs) has proved difficult because of the presence of high-ang

85 eurochemical pathways that govern aggression has proven difficult because monoaminergic neurons also

86 c influence in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has proven difficult because mSOD1 is ubiquitously expre

87 cytokine IL-10 at the level of the granuloma has proven difficult because of lesional heterogeneity a

88 hin the genetic code in untranslated regions has proven difficult because of the ambiguity of microRN

89 erapies to treat peripheral vascular disease has proven difficult because of the contribution of mult

90 However, studying astrocytes has proven difficult because of the lack of tools permit

91 Direct empirical assessment has proven difficult because of the many potential confo

92 This type of analysis has proven difficult because reconstitution approaches h

93 Probing for these intermediates has proven difficult because the concentrations of detec

94 Targeting Wnt signaling has proven difficult because the pathway is crucial for

95 Attaining a structure of Dda has proven difficult because the protein fails to readil

96 but molecularly distinct subgroups of cancer has proven difficult because their defining genetic alte

97 Past studies of this question have proven difficult because microstimulation interfere

98 Furthermore, cross-platform comparisons have proven difficult because reported concentrations ar

99 This question has proven difficult, because patterns of functional con

100 rrowing the bandgap of TiO(2) through doping have proven difficult, because of defect-induced charge

101 dividual effector proteins in SCV biogenesis has proven difficult but several distinct themes are now

102 ing persistent inflammation, yet neutrophils have proven difficult cells to manipulate experimentally

103 pluripotent cells to mature skeletal muscle have proved difficult challenges for regenerative biolog

104 ver, comparing results from such experiments has proved difficult due to influences from variations i

105 s indirectly through spin relaxation effects has proven difficult due to competing relaxation mechani

106 s NifH, expression of NifD in this organelle has proven difficult due to cryptic NifD degradation.

107 Determining its biological function has proven difficult due to lack of knowledge regarding

108 However, developing this understanding has proven difficult due to rapid and uncontrolled cryst

109 elle-like architectures in living cells, but has proven difficult due to the lack of control over def

110 elucidate the full-length structure of NEMO have proved difficult due to its apparent high conformat

111 an agonist-bound active-state GPCR structure have proven difficult due to the inherent instability of

112 al relevance of the hippocampal theta rhythm has proven difficult, due to a shortage of experiments t

113 water availability, predicting this response has proven difficult, especially in temperate regions th

114 the early diversification of animal lineages has proven difficult, even using genome-scale datasets.

115 But it has proved difficult for existing spectrographs to chara

116 ment of jejunal polyposis seems feasible but has proven difficult for duodenal bulb polyps.

117 after a conductive film is achieved, doping has proven difficult for further control of the optoelec

118 odels, such complex behavior-based screening has proven difficult for recovering genes in vertebrates

119 r several molecular motors, these approaches have proved difficult for membrane bound molecular motor

120 phylogenetic relationships within the family has proven difficult, hindering our ability to understan

121 Interpreting the (18)O/(16)O variability has proved difficult, however, because oxygen isotopes i

122 Selection for host resistance has proven difficult, however, due to low heritability e

123 onal magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) alone has proven difficult, however.

124 This approach has proven difficult in neuroscience due to the marked d

125 le or transgenic manipulation of Ngf or Trka have proved difficult in addressing this question.

126 stablishing their phylogenetic relationships have proved difficult in some cases.

127 Resolving this question has proven difficult, in large part because of the sizea

128 plete with many orphans of unknown function, has proven difficult, in part because high-throughput sc

129 rrelates of effective CD8(+) T-cell immunity has proven difficult; notably, comprehensive analyses ha

130 pact of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis has proved difficult over the last decade.

131 phases exhibiting varying degrees of order, has proved difficult owing to the contribution of electr

132 factors affect the success of establishment has proven difficult, owing to the multiple spatial, tem

133 ippi River basin and tracking their invasion has proven difficult, particularly where abundance is lo

134 ochemical approaches addressing the dynamics have proven difficult, particularly in complicated multi

135 tial hypertension and other complex diseases has proved difficult, partly because of genetic heteroge

136 tation rates on bedrock river incision rates has proved difficult, partly because river incision rate

137 ling the neurological aspect of this disease has proven difficult since murine models fail to mirror

138 However, achieving this goal has proven difficult since NUE is a complex trait encomp

139 terization of these oligomeric intermediates has proven difficult, sparking controversy over their bi

140 ween microstructural details and performance have proven difficult tasks.

141 ulfamoyl azides, the enantiocontrol of which has proven difficult, the judicious use of HuPhyrin liga

142 ground states, this electronic configuration has proved difficult to achieve in a molecular species.

143 ular recognition is routine for biology, but has proved difficult to achieve in synthetic systems.

144 terials, control over 'multistate' materials has proved difficult to achieve.

145 res in the target materials), something that has proved difficult to achieve.

146 e that is critical to its function, but this has proved difficult to characterise.

147 e are key to its function, and this behavior has proved difficult to characterize at a structural lev

148 rmediate populations have been described, it has proved difficult to characterize the rare, asynchron

149 Although it has proved difficult to combat this disease, one strateg

150 However, it has proved difficult to constrain the extent of the prim

151 ft towards culture-independent approaches it has proved difficult to derive useful information about

152 amounts (haploinsufficiency(5)); however, it has proved difficult to determine the relative importanc

153 e nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants, it has proved difficult to discover independent causal vari

154 ar mechanism of the type IV secretion system has proved difficult to dissect in the absence of struct

155 rA dynamics with regular plasmid positioning has proved difficult to dissect.

156 It has proved difficult to distinguish between air-to-sea c

157 vergence and admixture from genomic data, it has proved difficult to distinguish recent admixture fro

158 This claim has proved difficult to establish due to the absence of

159 However, this hypothesis has proved difficult to examine directly because atomic

160 In particular, it has proved difficult to exploit the information containe

161 Furthermore, it has proved difficult to find a clear correlation between

162 In many such cases, it has proved difficult to identify a genetic cause.

163 spite the clinical heterogeneity of COPD, it has proved difficult to identify distinct inflammatory e

164 e to model complexity, the origin of the NPL has proved difficult to identify.

165 ore most patients seek medical attention and has proved difficult to manipulate, liver regeneration c

166 However, it has proved difficult to obtain cryo-EM reconstructions w

167 number of sexual partners over time, but it has proved difficult to obtain parameter estimates relat

168 ctural information for the eukaryotic enzyme has proved difficult to obtain.

169 ly simplified microscopic endoparasites that has proved difficult to place phylogenetically.

170 such as the fractional quantum Hall effect, has proved difficult to probe spectroscopically.

171 It has proved difficult to quantify premature mortality rel

172 actory neurobiological understanding of itch has proved difficult to reach.

173 The basis of this disease heterogeneity has proved difficult to resolve due to poor tumor cellul

174 This immune response has proved difficult to restore by therapeutic vaccinati

175 However, it has proved difficult to separate the role of raised chlo

176 stable, both genetically and physically, but has proved difficult to study.

177 e to cancer-causing mutations; however, this has proved difficult to test because the identity of mos

178 is poorly treated by current therapies as it has proved difficult to treat the underlying inflammatio

179 It has proved difficult to understand how these factors inf

180 the cytoplasmic-open state is known, but it has proved difficult to understand the transport mechani

181 However, it has proved difficult to visualize and genetically probe

182 However, it has proven difficult to accomplish this goal with peptid

183 However, it has proven difficult to accurately quantify evolutionary

184 However, it has proven difficult to achieve tailored long-range orde

185 However, wide metabolome coverage has proven difficult to achieve, mostly because of the d

186 and to further translational studies, but it has proven difficult to achieve.

187 umstances, electrospray based aerosolization has proven difficult to apply for this purpose.

188 ive motor proteins such as kinesin-1, but it has proven difficult to apply these approaches to nonpro

189 sion of the neocortex in human evolution, it has proven difficult to ascertain whether this extent of

190 ding of metal ions such as Pt(2+) and Pd(2+) has proven difficult to assess via UV-vis spectroscopy b

191 g past population history and health, but it has proven difficult to characterize archaeologically.

192 ivity or thermodynamic stability of proteins has proven difficult to characterize.

193 ple chemical components of this envelope, it has proven difficult to combine its components into a co

194 erent complexity of discrete neural circuits has proven difficult to decipher, many parallel methodol

195 AC mediates mitochondrial uncoupling, but it has proven difficult to demonstrate this function or to

196 However, it has proven difficult to describe native microstates beca

197 of transcriptional regulation in biology, it has proven difficult to determine the regulatory mechani

198 initiation and progression of this syndrome has proven difficult to determine.

199 es of interaction have been proposed, but it has proven difficult to discriminate which ones are impl

200 o occur in retinotopic visual cortex, but it has proven difficult to distinguish the contributions of

201 feration of CAR-redirected T lymphocytes, it has proven difficult to draw definitive conclusions abou

202 Nevertheless, the ICL repair process has proven difficult to elucidate.

203 The prevalence of mitochondrial disease has proven difficult to establish, predominantly as a re

204 le of cortical layers within auditory cortex has proven difficult to establish.

205 much theoretical progress has been made, it has proven difficult to experimentally verify key predic

206 Therefore, it has proven difficult to extrapolate experimental results

207 The formation of alpha-synuclein oligomers has proven difficult to follow, because of the heterogen

208 However, it has proven difficult to fully elucidate the relationship

209 tulates some of these processes; however, it has proven difficult to generate functional hematopoieti

210 Because of its size, PC1 has proven difficult to handle biochemically, and struct

211 However, it has proven difficult to identify and characterize the ga

212 that multiple variants are involved, but it has proven difficult to identify individual risk variant

213 However, it has proven difficult to identify the reactive sites in n

214 This strategy has proven difficult to implement therapeutically, and h

215 ses have had a distinguished history, but it has proven difficult to improve their predictive power s

216 on and survival of the organism; however, it has proven difficult to infer the relative importance of

217 gration in initiation of T(CD8(+)) responses has proven difficult to interpret because injected virus

218 Despite this, synaptic biology has proven difficult to interrogate directly in situ due

219 have received considerable attention, yet it has proven difficult to measure monolayer and interfacia

220 he needs, the conventional microscope design has proven difficult to miniaturize.

221 However, it has proven difficult to move beyond these general findin

222 lled "folding-upon-binding" process), but it has proven difficult to obtain an atomic-level descripti

223 species and environments, but this variation has proven difficult to predict, presenting a major chal

224 orward to observe using fluorescent tracers, has proven difficult to quantify.

225 But, it has proven difficult to realize spintronic circuits with

226 eins have a constrained Cu(II) geometry that has proven difficult to recapitulate outside native cupr

227 cial stadial events, the magnitude of shifts has proven difficult to reconstruct, in part because of

228 However, such reactivity has proven difficult to reproduce in solution with man-m

229 tightly linked to available moisture, yet it has proven difficult to resolve what aspects of climate

230 o the rapid radiation, the Pecoran phylogeny has proven difficult to resolve, and 11 of the 15 possib

231 conservation in the presence of dissipation has proven difficult to resolve.

232 important determinant of T cell efficacy, it has proven difficult to selectively induce T cells of hi

233 Gossypium hirsutum has proven difficult to sequence owing to its complex al

234 cii cannot be reliably cultured in vitro, it has proven difficult to study and gaps in our understand

235 a decision is correct-known as metacognition-has proven difficult to study in isolation as it usually

236 relevant or particularly salient stimuli, it has proven difficult to study interactions between top-d

237 inically relevant G protein-coupled receptor has proven difficult to study, as it must form an obliga

238 istorting the DNA contributes to recognition has proven difficult to study, because the distorted DNA

239 As Ras has proven difficult to target therapeutically, we searc

240 at the brain displays attractor dynamics, it has proven difficult to test experimentally whether any

241 However, it has proven difficult to test this hypothesis, and a dire

242 ifests as prolonged excruciating pain, which has proven difficult to treat.

243 It has proven difficult to tune resonant transmission in di

244 proposed to explain these relationships, it has proven difficult to understand why patterns are so v

245 ever, in almost all experimental systems, it has proven difficult to unravel the complex signaling pa

246 a wide range of biomedical applications, it has proven difficult to use them to generate high-qualit

247 icultural transition, although these changes have proved difficult to characterize at a global scale.

248 accurate predictions and effective solutions have proved difficult to formulate.

249 iants involved in the pathogenesis of asthma have proved difficult to identify by candidate gene asso

250 e constituents in plants that promote health have proved difficult to identify with certainty.

251 cated in inflammation, such cells themselves have proved difficult to isolate and characterize.

252 , genomic resources of avian haemosporidians have proved difficult to obtain, and they have, as a res

253 lving spatially heterogeneous reactions that have proved difficult to resolve with existing technique

254 in the angiosperm branch of the Tree of Life have proved difficult to resolve.

255 nomena related to starch gelatinization that have proved difficult to study by other means.

256 rrelated spin systems, such as spin liquids, have proved difficult to study, in part because calculat

257 usive as the associated magnetic excitations have proven difficult to access with conventional techni

258 These are long-standing questions that have proven difficult to answer.

259 thetic supramolecular architectures in water have proven difficult to ascertain.

260 ctures and yields suitable for urban farming have proven difficult to breed(1,5).

261 uired to convert large RNAs into active RNPs have proven difficult to characterize fully.

262 ce of data for uncovering these subtypes but have proven difficult to compare, as two tumors rarely s

263 evant LAA-specific CD8(+) T-cell populations have proven difficult to define.

264 vo kinetics of these individual interactions have proven difficult to determine with precision since

265 However, cell active pan-Pim inhibitors have proven difficult to develop because Pim-2 has a low

266 However, many of these agonist molecules have proven difficult to develop clinically.

267 Antibodies specific to p53 protein isoforms have proven difficult to develop, thus researchers must

268 These 2 accounts have proven difficult to discriminate between.

269 , the molecular pathways underlying feedback have proven difficult to elucidate using conventional ge

270 s in the liver, the site of HCV replication, have proven difficult to elucidate.

271 ssion would be ideal for in vivo imaging but have proven difficult to engineer.

272 Adult somatic tissues have proven difficult to expand in vitro, largely becaus

273 ists for decades, but until recently answers have proven difficult to find.

274 on, inheritance is complex, and risk alleles have proven difficult to identify.

275 However, they have proven difficult to inhibit: very few good inhibito

276 ions in highly repetitive regions of genomes have proven difficult to map since short reads of 50-100

277 combinations of strength and toughness, but have proven difficult to mimic synthetically.

278 common complications of cancer therapy that have proven difficult to model in mice.

279 neuronal activity, yet confirmative findings have proven difficult to obtain.

280 innings of this temperature-sensitive gating have proven difficult to parse.

281 nd catalytic effect of these electric fields have proven difficult to quantify with standard experime

282 cycle, rates of biological nitrogen fixation have proven difficult to quantify.

283 tes of disease detection in communities that have proven difficult to reach and to link to appropriat

284 ratus whose origins and evolutionary history have proven difficult to reconstruct.

285 relationships at the root of the animal tree have proven difficult to resolve, with the current debat

286 DNA-binding domains, including several that have proven difficult to study by other techniques.

287 ecular mechanisms of brain IR until recently have proven difficult to study in the human brain.

288 specific details of how this process occurs have proven difficult to study, especially as Dsh appear

289 However, Ras proteins have proven difficult to target directly.

290 e" in a direct pharmacologic manner and thus have proven difficult to target in the clinic.

291 tify small-molecule probes for proteins that have proven difficult to target using high-throughput sc

292 However, these ideas have proven difficult to test.

293 ods and also enables the study of cells that have proved difficult traditionally to transfect (e.g. t

294 from other cell types, a critical step which has proven difficult using surface-marker approaches.

295 equires accurate quantification of PD, which has proven difficult using transmission electron microsc

296 ed domains of multimeric ectodomain proteins has proven difficult, we report a method to rapidly prod

297 tmospheric CO2 levels as a driver of the MPT has proven difficult with available observations.

298 evaluation and management of these patients have proven difficult with the use of standard diagnosti

299 hates under plausible early Earth conditions has proved difficult, with the incorporation of phosphor

300 terms governing protein-ligand interactions has proven difficult, with determination of entropic con