ライフサイエンスコーパス: hammerhead

1 rientation of the three helical stems in the hammerhead.

2 mation observed in crystal structures of the hammerhead.

3 ations corresponding to > 8-9 Mn2+ bound per hammerhead.

4 multimers of satRPV RNA cleave via a double hammerhead.

5 lts in an increased number of bound Mn2+ per hammerhead.

6 that may facilitate formation of the double hammerhead.

7 en cleavage and ligation for the Schistosoma hammerhead.

8 e cleavage properties of chemically modified hammerheads.

9 Chimeras of the well-characterized minimal hammerhead 16 and nine extended hammerheads derived from

10 SV (+) hammerhead and the well-characterized hammerhead 16 were used to measure the cleavage rate con

11 ally substitutes for divalent cations in the hammerhead active site.

12 is fully stabilized at >2.5 mM MgCl(2) while hammerhead activity continues to increase with an increa

13 affinities determined by EPR indicates that hammerhead activity in 0.1 M NaCl is only observed after

14 oincides with Co(NH(3))(6)(3+) inhibition of hammerhead activity in 500 microM Mn(2+), reducing the a

15 requires inner-sphere coordination, support hammerhead activity.

16 The hammerhead and hairpin ribozymes may share similarities

17 defects that resemble full loss-of-function (Hammerhead and Humpback) phenotypes.

18 dary and three-dimensional structures of the hammerhead and pistol ribozymes reveals many close simil

19 es recently inferred for naturally occurring hammerhead and pistol ribozymes.

20 In contrast to the hammerhead and Tetrahymena ribozyme reactions, hairpin-m

21 o different chimeras combining the sTRSV (+) hammerhead and the well-characterized hammerhead 16 were

22 f the heads of fresh and museum specimens of hammerhead and typical sharks were used to produce press

23 e chimeras were all more active than minimal hammerheads and exhibited a very broad range of catalyti

24 ously demonstrated during the development of hammerhead aptazymes may be generalizable.

25 In contrast, natural hammerheads are active under physiological conditions an

26 s a result of the cooperative folding of the hammerhead around this residue.

27 RNAiFold to design a functional cis-cleaving hammerhead as a modular unit of a synthetic larger RNA.

28 + k(-)(2)), and the fraction of full-length hammerhead at equilibrium (k(-)(2)/k(2) + k(-)(2)).

29 of cleavage and the fraction of full-length hammerhead at equilibrium and thereby deduce the element

30 he coupling between slow modes involving the hammerhead backbone with fast modes in the cleavage site

31 TRAP hammerheads based on the previously characterized HH8 ri

32 croM Mn(2+), reducing the activity of the WT hammerhead by approximately 15-fold with an inhibition c

33 t that residues involved in the chemistry of hammerhead catalysis are likely located in that region c

34 kinetic analysis to test the hypothesis that hammerhead catalysis occurs by a general acid-base mecha

35 t cations substitute for divalent cations in hammerhead catalysis remains unclear.

36 For example, differing hammerhead cleavage and ligation rates could affect the

37 rent tertiary interaction is to modulate the hammerhead cleavage properties in viroids.

38 rent from, similar experiments examining the hammerhead cleavage properties of the R(P)-phosphoromono

39 ogsteen face of G12, the general base in the hammerhead cleavage reaction, thereby potentially dissip

40 ate of dissociation of P1, the 5' product of hammerhead cleavage, is 100-300-fold slower in full-leng

41 hat the O2-carbonyl of the U4 residue of the hammerhead complex is critical for transition state stab

42 Three hammerhead constructs with distinct noncore sequences, c

43 an 9.5 to approximately 6.8 in two different hammerhead constructs.

44 general to the core sequence of bimolecular hammerhead constructs.

45 cross-linking analysis of native and minimal hammerheads containing photoreactive nucleobases 6-thiog

46 method, we show that tertiary folding of the hammerhead core occurs with a highly unfavorable enthalp

47 t a model for the ion-induced folding of the hammerhead core that is similar to those advanced for th

48 athway is that it initiates from the minimal hammerhead crystal structure and describes the reaction

49 op I-loop II interaction, an extended format hammerhead derived from sTRSV studied here shows at leas

50 ized minimal hammerhead 16 and nine extended hammerheads derived from natural viroids and satellite R

51 Certain sharks (tiger shark, scalloped hammerhead) displayed prolonged periods of residency in

52 that combines the scoring function from the Hammerhead docking system with a search engine that reli

53 synthesis of an enzymatically active RNA, a hammerhead endonuclease ribozyme.

54 At least two of the hammerheads exhibited an altered dependence of k obs on

55 results support a model in which the native hammerhead folds to an active structure similar to that

56 The hammerhead forms a rather extended structure under these

57 ibozyme to more closely resemble a canonical hammerhead, greatly increase self-cleavage.

58 se results have general implications, as the hammerhead, hairpin, and twister ribozymes have guanines

59 Self-cleaving hammerhead, hairpin, hepatitis delta virus, and glmS rib

60 anisms of four small self-cleaving RNAs: the hammerhead, hairpin, hepatitis delta virus, and in vitro

61 The self-cleaving hairpin, hammerhead, hepatitis delta and Neurospora VS RNAs each

62 tep PCR, allows the production of double [5'-hammerhead (HH) and 3'-HDV] ribozyme constructs.

63 explored via the assembly of several altered hammerhead (HH) ribozymes and a singly modified HH subst

64 Alternative folding inhibits formation of a hammerhead in monomeric satRPV RNA.

65 However, the global structure of the hammerhead in solution in the absence of Mg(2+) is not c

66 7 is buried within the catalytic core of the hammerhead in the X-ray structure, we propose that the e

67 The double hammerhead includes base-pairing between two copies of t

68 Mutations in the upstream hammerhead, including a knock-out in the catalytic core,

69 ather, the cross-link constrains the cleaved hammerhead into a structure that more closely resembles

70 cleophilic attack is taken into account, the hammerhead is remarkably effective at cleaving the dithi

71 d conformation of the catalytic core of this hammerhead, leading to a ribozyme that is readily cleave

72 s are consistent with the currently accepted hammerhead-like mechanism of cleavage, they do not add d

73 database for RNAs that contain hammerhead or hammerhead-like motifs.

74 or experiments directed at understanding the hammerhead mechanism and the role of the loop I-loop II

75 requirement, the Mn2+-binding properties of hammerhead model ribozymes have been investigated under

76 The frequency of the hammerhead motif is half of that expected from a random

77 The well-studied minimal hammerhead motif is inactive under physiological conditi

78 Compared to the minimal hammerhead motif, the natural Schistosoma ribozyme requi

79 Thus, the enhanced cleavage of this hammerhead observed in vivo is due to its higher intrins

80 rast to the previously identified continuous hammerheads, occur as two fragments separated by hundred

81 e the GenBank database for RNAs that contain hammerhead or hammerhead-like motifs.

82 een base-pairing interaction, in full-length hammerheads possessing this interaction, is sufficient f

83 etter ligase than it is a nuclease while the hammerhead reaction favors cleavage over ligation of bou

84 previously determined that, in solution, the hammerhead ribozyme (a self-cleaving RNA) has a high-aff

85 eloped a recombinant adenovirus expressing a hammerhead ribozyme (AdRZ) targeted against the porcine

86 fects at the C3, G8, and G5 positions of the hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) are reported, based on a serie

87 ) and divalent (Mg(2+)) metal ion binding in hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) has been explored with molecul

88 ional RNAs in these microbiomes, we used the hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) motif to search for sequences

89 as explored within the catalytic core of the Hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz).

90 ractions with the cleavage site of a minimal hammerhead ribozyme (mHHRz) were probed using (31)P NMR-

91 ent VPAC1- or VPAC2-selective antagonists, a hammerhead ribozyme (Rz) strategy capable of in vivo app

92 An allosteric hammerhead ribozyme activated specifically by the unphos

93 te that, over this NaCl concentration range, hammerhead ribozyme activity is influenced by population

94 ed to explain the influence of metal ions on hammerhead ribozyme activity.

95 ate-limiting step in the synthesis of GSH, a hammerhead ribozyme against gamma-GCS mRNA to downregula

96 ses as applied to two RNA systems, i.e., the hammerhead ribozyme and a guanine riboswitch.

97 -dependent cleavage between G8 and A9 in the hammerhead ribozyme and have discovered that U4 cleavage

98 tical assays to detect chemically stabilized hammerhead ribozyme and putative ribozyme metabolites fr

99 U-turn motif found also, for example, in the hammerhead ribozyme and tRNAs.

100 The effects of Co(NH(3))(6)(3+) on the hammerhead ribozyme are analyzed using several technique

101 that are proposed to bind metal ions in the hammerhead ribozyme are the A9/G10.1 site, located at th

102 ructure of the enzyme-product complex of the hammerhead ribozyme by using a reinforced crystal lattic

103 therefore conclude that such a mechanism of hammerhead ribozyme catalysis is untenable, at least in

104 dy provides evidence for the role of Mg2+ in hammerhead ribozyme catalysis.

105 The hammerhead ribozyme catalyzes the same reactions but is

106 bserved in the Varkud satellite, hairpin and hammerhead ribozyme classes.

107 ent metal ion in the transition-state of the hammerhead ribozyme cleavage reaction.

108 estigate the role of Mg2+ in the full-length hammerhead ribozyme cleavage reaction.

109 Target substrate-specific hammerhead ribozyme cleaves the specific mRNA and result

110 exogenous c-fms-transfected microglia with a hammerhead ribozyme compromised their neuroprotective pr

111 The hammerhead ribozyme crystal structure identified a speci

112 c transfer RNA from budding yeast and of the hammerhead ribozyme demonstrate the applicability of the

113 The recent X-ray crystal structure of a hammerhead ribozyme derived from Schistosoma mansoni con

114 ave obtained a 1.55-A crystal structure of a hammerhead ribozyme derived from Schistosoma mansoni und

115 ith green fluorescent protein reporter and a hammerhead ribozyme directed against caspase-3 mRNA.

116 Since the hammerhead ribozyme displays monovalent ion-dependent ac

117 The catalytic properties of the hammerhead ribozyme embedded in the (+) strand of the sa

118 tions or changes are required in the minimal hammerhead ribozyme enzyme strand sequence (providing th

119 al binding site is uniquely populated in the hammerhead ribozyme even in a background of high ionic s

120 sion to accurately measure concentrations of hammerhead ribozyme extracted from plasma.

121 A hammerhead ribozyme flanked by two arms of GPRT antisens

122 In the present study, cDNAs encoding hammerhead ribozyme flanked with various lengths of anti

123 ions on interhelical movement can change the hammerhead ribozyme from a nuclease to a ligase.

124 The hammerhead ribozyme from Schistosoma mansoni is the best

125 metal (Mg(2+)) ion-dependent folding of the hammerhead ribozyme from Schistosoma mansoni was monitor

126 oter were used to transfer either hairpin or hammerhead ribozyme genes to photoreceptors.

127 Tertiary folding of the hammerhead ribozyme has been analyzed by hydroxyl radica

128 The hammerhead ribozyme has been intensively studied for app

129 A hammerhead ribozyme has been localized to the yeast nucl

130 l change equivalent to that observed for the hammerhead ribozyme having an unmodified attacking nucle

131 for the highest affinity Mn(2+) site in the hammerhead ribozyme in 1 M NaCl, tentatively attributed

132 gen receptor with an antibody and an AR mRNA hammerhead ribozyme in the following cell lines: LNCaP (

133 ported apparent kinetic pK(a) of 8.5 for the hammerhead ribozyme in the presence of Co(2+).

134 The 110 nt hammerhead ribozyme in the satellite RNA of cereal yello

135 The hammerhead ribozyme is a catalytic RNA that requires div

136 The hammerhead ribozyme is a small RNA motif that catalyzes

137 Thus, the natural Schistosoma hammerhead ribozyme is almost as efficient at ligation a

138 The self-cleaving activity of the hammerhead ribozyme is also slowed down by pressure on t

139 The hammerhead ribozyme is an RNA molecule capable of self-c

140 of the satellite RNA viruses from which the hammerhead ribozyme is derived.

141 The hammerhead ribozyme is one of the best-studied small RNA

142 iments indicate that the general acid of the hammerhead ribozyme is the O2' of G8, while that of the

143 Based on this result, we developed a double hammerhead ribozyme long-term expression system to silen

144 Alternatively, the hammerhead ribozyme may have evolved independently many

145 gest that Mg2+ is profoundly involved in the hammerhead ribozyme mechanism both at structural and cat

146 The hammerhead ribozyme motif forms a branched structure con

147 at, under near-physiological conditions, the hammerhead ribozyme motif is the most common (and thus t

148 rus genomic RNA (PKB134) and the alternative hammerhead ribozyme pseudoknot (PKB173), both of which a

149 ttacking nucleophile for the required inline hammerhead ribozyme reaction mechanism.

150 nteractions may therefore be relevant to the hammerhead ribozyme reaction mechanism.

151 phosphodiester bond cleavage activity by the hammerhead ribozyme requires divalent cations.

152 ining step under standard conditions for the hammerhead ribozyme self-cleavage reaction, and that an

153 own of SPF45 in parental A2780 cells using a hammerhead ribozyme sensitized A2780 cells to etoposide

154 itates the transition of a newly synthesized hammerhead ribozyme sequence from its inactive, duplex s

155 ence, and an actuator domain, comprised of a hammerhead ribozyme sequence.

156 slope of 0.7, as has been observed for other hammerhead ribozyme sequences in solution, indicating th

157 ErbB-4 receptors in breast cancer, we used a hammerhead ribozyme strategy to achieve down-regulation

158 fragment pair can assemble to form an active hammerhead ribozyme structure between the translation te

159 ation of a hypothesized catalytically active hammerhead ribozyme structure in which a single divalent

160 ic satRPV RNAs that self-cleave via a double-hammerhead ribozyme structure.

161 unlike in solution where this and most other hammerhead ribozyme substrates are cleaved only to about

162 We conclude that hammerhead ribozyme targeted at GUA(6679) of apoB mRNA c

163 ructure of a full-length Schistosoma mansoni hammerhead ribozyme that permits us to explain the struc

164 observed 7.8 A conformational change in the hammerhead ribozyme that positions the substrate for in-

165 fficking of HIV-1 RNAs into the nucleolus, a hammerhead ribozyme that specifically cleaves HIV-1 RNA

166 Our goal was to design a hammerhead ribozyme that would specifically cleave the A

167 porcine PCNA gene and constructed a chimeric hammerhead ribozyme to a segment of the gene with human

168 ous Bcl-2, an adenoviral vector expressing a hammerhead ribozyme to Bcl-2 (Ad-Rbz-Bcl-2) mRNA was emp

169 e elements of the isoleucine aptamer and the hammerhead ribozyme to estimate the probability that a s

170 tate of RNA and by employing a self-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme to investigate the degradative conse

171 Chimeric hammerhead ribozyme to PCNA inhibits smooth muscle cell

172 d those 5'-end extra nucleotides utilizing a hammerhead ribozyme to produce transcripts with accurate

173 teen base-pairing interaction in the minimal hammerhead ribozyme transforms an RNA sequence possessin

174 The hammerhead ribozyme undergoes a well-defined two-stage c

175 es in internal structure and dynamics of the hammerhead ribozyme upon metal ion induced folding, chan

176 However, it appears that the solution of the hammerhead ribozyme used in this study contains two popu

177 catalytic conformational intermediate of the hammerhead ribozyme using a phosphodiester tether formed

178 using an anti-erb B-4 blocking antibody or a hammerhead ribozyme vector targeted to erb B-4 mRNA, imp

179 t a cross-link between stems I and II of the hammerhead ribozyme was confirmed and further explored.

180 f mutant RET could prevent transformation, a hammerhead ribozyme was designed to cleave RET mRNA cont

181 The global structure of the hammerhead ribozyme was determined in the absence of Mg(

182 The hammerhead ribozyme was originally discovered in a group

183 pport the catalytic site of a minimal type I hammerhead ribozyme were replaced with oligo-U loops, se

184 Under standard reaction conditions, a hammerhead ribozyme with a phosphorodithioate linkage at

185 unction, transcripts were used to assemble a hammerhead ribozyme with all permutations of natural and

186 ermodynamic dissection of the folding of the hammerhead ribozyme, a three-way RNA helical junction, b

187 structure of a small self-cleaving RNA, the hammerhead ribozyme, both prevents and enhances RNA auto

188 igation is less for the hairpin than for the hammerhead ribozyme, consistent with the notion that a m

189 e synthesize a significant part of an active hammerhead ribozyme, forging a link between nonenzymatic

190 In contrast to the hammerhead ribozyme, the 8-17 DNAzyme activity is not de

191 In vesicles encapsulating a hammerhead ribozyme, the addition of external Mg(2+) led

192 d the results are compared with those of the hammerhead ribozyme, which has similar size and secondar

193 GFP-like Spinach aptamer and a highly active hammerhead ribozyme, which is appended to the RNA of int

194 nsequence of the very early evolution of the hammerhead ribozyme, with all extant examples being desc

195 he flexibility of the helical domains in the hammerhead ribozyme-substrate complex.

196 ave used photocrosslinking as a tool to trap hammerhead ribozyme-substrate complexes in various stage

197 ral base are closely similar to those in the hammerhead ribozyme.

198 from the effects of cleavage by an intronic hammerhead ribozyme.

199 to the conformational space available to the hammerhead ribozyme.

200 isoleucine aptamer and 1.6 x 10(10) for the hammerhead ribozyme.

201 ers as well as catalytic RNAs, including the hammerhead ribozyme.

202 construct of the Schistosoma mansoni natural hammerhead ribozyme.

203 he hot and cold denaturation behavior of the hammerhead ribozyme.

204 a pH-dependent conformational change in the hammerhead ribozyme.

205 tides C3 and U4 in the catalytic core of the hammerhead ribozyme.

206 cribe a new RNA cleavage motif, found in the hammerhead ribozyme.

207 used for the design and in vivo testing of a hammerhead ribozyme.

208 he folding of the ion-induced folding of the hammerhead ribozyme.

209 tural motif, that of the naturally occurring hammerhead ribozyme.

210 stants that are equivalent to the unmodified hammerhead ribozyme.

211 ion accompanied by structural changes in the hammerhead ribozyme.

212 the 3'-untranslated region is replaced by a hammerhead ribozyme.

213 xyribozyme are similar to those reported for hammerhead ribozyme.

214 ate constants approaching that of the parent hammerhead ribozyme.

215 tion of the inhibitor strand observed in the hammerhead ribozyme.

216 eting IkappaBgamma in melanoma cells using a hammerhead ribozyme.

217 in the self-cleaving reaction of the minimal hammerhead ribozyme.

218 han the cleavage activity of the Schistosoma hammerhead ribozyme.

219 Three modified hammerhead ribozyme/substrate complexes have been prepar

220 Other approaches have included the use of hammerhead ribozymes against the MDR-1 gene and MDR-1-ta

221 In some organisms HDV-like and hammerhead ribozymes appear to be dedicated to processin

222 In this study, we show that hammerhead ribozymes are active in vitro against transcr

223 Here we show that highly active hammerhead ribozymes are present in the 3' UTRs of roden

224 Naturally occurring hammerhead ribozymes are produced by rolling circle repl

225 o the cleavage rate for the fastest cleaving hammerhead ribozymes at pH 6.

226 e catalytic activity of these Se-derivatized hammerhead ribozymes by cleaving the RNA substrate, and

227 Native hammerhead ribozymes contain RNA domains that enable hig

228 Catalysis of bond scission in these hammerhead ribozymes could be restored by putative t2M/t

229 4M act as functional switches in a family of hammerhead ribozymes deactivated by stem or loop replace

230 Minimal hammerhead ribozymes have been characterized extensively

231 Hammerhead ribozymes have been observed to be active in

232 We have solved two crystal structures of hammerhead ribozymes having 2'-OCH(3) or 2'-F substituti

233 Hammerhead ribozymes in crystals change conformation in

234 ations of the native and mutated full length hammerhead ribozymes in the reactant state and in an act

235 Hammerhead ribozymes previously were found in satellite

236 These hammerhead ribozymes site-specifically mutagenized by se

237 ls have been fused to a lacZ mRNA target and hammerhead ribozymes targeted against lacZ.

238 o modulate apoB gene expression, we designed hammerhead ribozymes targeted at AUA(6665) and GUA(6679)

239 ell lines were made that expressed antisense-hammerhead ribozymes targeted specifically against TIF1b

240 (HCV) infection, we designed and synthesized hammerhead ribozymes targeting 15 conserved sites in the

241 ysis, we have created a series of allosteric hammerhead ribozymes that are activated by theophylline.

242 s used to isolate five classes of allosteric hammerhead ribozymes that are triggered by binding to ce

243 nses were decreased against ROS by designing hammerhead ribozymes to degrade SOD2 mRNA.

244 his study, we engineered a class of type III hammerhead ribozymes to develop RNA switches that are hi

245 We used both HDV and hammerhead ribozymes to generate a panel of HDV and non-

246 We have used cis-acting hammerhead ribozymes to produce homogeneous-length trans

247 Two hammerhead ribozymes were designed that cleave the human

248 Hammerhead ribozymes were designed to target mRNA of sev

249 n RNA switch, (ii) self-functional elements (hammerhead ribozymes), and (iii) cis-acting elements tha

250 Using RNAiFold, we design ten cis-cleaving hammerhead ribozymes, all of which are shown to be funct

251 es of folding and catalysis for two distinct hammerhead ribozymes, HHL and HH alpha.

252 Two hammerhead ribozymes, HRz35 and HRz42, were designed to

253 e-responsive, in vivo functional, allosteric hammerhead ribozymes, this work describes a general appr

254 tter understand the observed distribution of hammerhead ribozymes, we used in vitro selection to sear

255 rom the primary transcript by two cis-acting hammerhead ribozymes, yielding the required engineered e

256 oni is the best characterized of the natural hammerhead ribozymes.

257 cribed and shown to operate effectively with hammerhead ribozymes.

258 ridine modification present in our synthetic hammerhead ribozymes.

259 domized sequences as well as self-processing hammerhead ribozymes.

260 tif serves distinct functions in the HDV and hammerhead ribozymes.

261 Sequence variants of the hammerhead RNA give very different isothermal titration

262 Using a hammerhead RNA motif search with relaxed delimitation of

263 pears to mimic interactions in the wild-type hammerhead RNA that enable switching between nuclease an

264 at is instead typical of full-length natural hammerhead RNAs that have additional extensive tertiary

265 We designed a chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead Rz to cleave rat leukocyte-type 12-LO mRNA.

266 age, resulting in liberation of the internal hammerhead Rz, which we targeted to a single-stranded re

267 d by using random-sequence bridges to join a hammerhead self-cleaving ribozyme to an aptamer from a n

268 erved in all naturally occurring full-length hammerhead sequences have evolved to prevent deleterious

269 ed hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini), smooth hammerhead shark (S. zygaena) and shortfin mako shark (I

270 shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini), smooth hammerhead sha

271 ational fluid dynamics analysis of all eight hammerhead shark species and three sharks with typical h

272 Hammerhead sharks are characterized by a conspicuous lat

273 Here we show that great hammerhead sharks drastically reconfigure the function o

274 hat may have contributed to the evolution of hammerhead sharks.

275 nder physiological conditions, where minimal hammerheads show little activity.

276 ng the endangered and CITES listed Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini).

277 e-stranded bulge (L2a), which are located in hammerhead stems I and II, respectively.

278 any of the disagreements between the minimal hammerhead structure and the biochemical data on the cle

279 We demonstrate that this hammerhead structure can self-cleave both in vitro and i

280 MgCl(2) concentration, it is clear that the hammerhead structure in the transition state must differ

281 ies, our thermodynamic data suggest that the hammerhead structure is stabilized in vitro predominantl

282 The full-length hammerhead structure reveals how tertiary interactions o

283 ynamics upon ligation than the more flexible hammerhead structure.

284 A 7-residue "specificity loop" on the "hammerhead" subdomain was identified that, when transpla

285 The faster k(-)(2) of this hammerhead suggests that ligation may be used to form ci

286 Analysis of kinetics on this small set of hammerheads suggests that cleavage rate of computational

287 avage, is 100-300-fold slower in full-length hammerheads than in hammerheads that either lack or have

288 ld slower in full-length hammerheads than in hammerheads that either lack or have disrupting mutation

289 When compared to minimal hammerheads that lack the recently discovered loop I-loo

290 atalytic diversity is observed among minimal hammerheads that lack the tertiary interactions, a possi

291 Allosteric hammerhead "TRAPs," when activated by the appropriate ol

292 oach and stack upon G8 and G12 of the native hammerhead, two conserved nucleobases that show similar

293 at combines molecular beacon stem-loops with hammerhead-type deoxyribozymes.

294 These results suggest that the hammerhead undergoes a substantial conformational rearra

295 , these results support a model in which the hammerhead undergoes a transient conformational change i

296 re present in the structure of the "minimal" hammerhead, which lacks a peripheral domain.

297 full-length satRPV RNA and two copies of the hammerhead, wild-type RNA cleaves much more efficiently

298 Addition of 1-2 equiv of Cd(2+) to the hammerhead with an A9-S(Rp) or A9-S(S)(Rp) substitution

299 n the rate of ligation compared to a minimal hammerhead without the loop-loop tertiary interaction, y

300 ysts that include the hepatitis delta virus, hammerhead, X motif and Tetrahymena group I ribozymes, a