ライフサイエンスコーパス: hardness

1 roduct showed a direct relationship with the hardness.

2 about methodology and the very definition of hardness.

3 also tested in vitro via changes in surface hardness.

4 interaction was observed with domestic water hardness.

5 ture, decreased decorin expression, and skin hardness.

6 rformance due to food categories and/or food hardness.

7 accumulation in cultivars differing in seed hardness.

8 nt decreased loaf volume and increased crumb hardness.

9 nalities, such as transparency and radiation hardness.

10 ffect the freezing process, meltability, and hardness.

11 ut the two models respond comparably at high hardness.

12 ow pH likely contributed to increased cheese hardness.

13 tivar Bala root depth was a function of soil hardness.

14 e investigated to group kernels according to hardness.

15 nificant difference in appearance, color and hardness.

16 h slows the convergence towards the limiting hardness.

17 y were adjusted to provide the same ultimate hardness.

18 endows the material with remarkable magnetic hardness.

19 ide range of materials of diverse nature and hardness.

20 ersections of phases with different magnetic hardness.

21 than nanotwinning alone, without sacrificing hardness.

22 aining other macroscopic properties, such as hardness.

23 whilst, their incorporation increased their hardness.

24 ise to both higher stacking-fault energy and hardness.

25 nge of chromaticity, along with high overall hardness.

26 t bran, coinciding with an increase in crumb hardness.

27 exists and highlight new alloys having high hardnesses.

28 identifying alloys having very high measured hardnesses.

29 ardness (range, 6.60-35.90 German degrees of hardness [118-641 mg/L]).

30 7 cm(3)/g) accompanied with the lowest crumb hardness (2.29 and 2.10 N, respectively).

31 ficant effect on weight, specific volume and hardness (24 h) of commercial bread containing 25% cerea

32 Namely, the highest values of the Vickers hardness (32.4 GPa), dynamic strength (1323 MPa), strain

33 428(10) GPa), and very hard (nanoindentation hardness 36.7(8) GPa) rhenium nitride pernitride Re(2)(N

34 roplated [Formula: see text] Au films show a hardness 47% greater than random and untwinned Au.

35 nd cBN domains further contributes to a bulk hardness ~50% higher than sintered cBN.

36 porosity percentage (70.43%), and the lowest hardness (508.71 g).

37 g flakes exhibited an optimal combination of hardness (534.58 gf.mm(-2)), roughness (0.07 mum) and de

38 n provided higher diameter, spread ratio and hardness (72 h) values in traditional flat bread.

39 rmodynamically favorable compositions with a hardness above 40 GPa (at 0.5 N) are identified, proving

40 A kinetic analysis for TVBN, SSP, hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness, was performed.

41 Hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness levels d

42 tionship was observed between domestic water hardness and AD.

43 20 diets showed significant higher and lower hardness and adhesiveness values, respectively.

44 The beta-glucan gel showed a reduction in hardness and adhesiveness, which was confirmed by its rh

45 ow swelling volume at 65 degrees C, and high hardness and adhesiveness; in contrast, the low-AM starc

46 Storage period lowered the hardness and antioxidant properties of snacks.

47 one micron has proven challenging due to the hardness and chemical resistance of diamond.

48 Domestic water hardness and chlorine have been suggested as important r

49 acids, resulting in changes in dental tissue hardness and colour.

50 GSF and OLI increased the hardness and consistency.

51 echanical performance, mandibular form, food hardness and diet categories and that these associations

52 moisture (10.0%) contents which justify its hardness and dryness.

53 ion results revealed lower values of Vickers hardness and elastic modulus in AIS when compared with c

54 Excellent combination of hardness and elastic modulus in as-cast condition confir

55 is remarkably strengthened with the maximal hardness and elastic modulus of 46.1 GPa and 425 GPa, re

56 The hardness and elastic modulus of the four films were inse

57 Alternative approaches to evaluating the hardness and elastic properties of materials exhibiting

58 ) higher scores for rancid and salty flavor, hardness and fibrousness than UF-counterparts.

59 No relationship was found between hardness and glass transition temperature (Tg), but ther

60 rieties having higher grain weight had lower hardness and higher yellow pigment content.

61 This was shown through higher tablet hardness and increased plastic deformation profiles of t

62 dissolution reduces the skeletal density and hardness and increases porosity.

63 here the two models differ most (high pH/low hardness and low pH/high hardness) are relatively rare i

64 beta-B6O also has a slightly higher hardness and may be synthesized using different experime

65 cterized in terms of crystalline structures, hardness and microstructures by X-ray diffraction, Vicke

66 nd, although Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Si HEA showed lower hardness and modulus than Fe-Mn-Co-Cr-Si-Al and Fe-Mn-Co

67 * *)) substantially influenced the chapatti hardness and overall score, respectively.

68 onsive to DOC than the BLM across a range of hardness and pH conditions but more responsive to hardne

69 esis causing proportionate increase in grain hardness and proteins content leading to changes in mill

70 ith inorganic elements, which could increase hardness and reduce ovipositor fracturing.

71 Hardness and retrograded amylopectin significantly incre

72 luate the association between domestic water hardness and season of birth, respectively, with onset o

73 rontier orbital energy-HOMO-LUMO energy gap, hardness and softness were calculated using computationa

74 he crystalline network of fats, changing the hardness and solids profile.

75 textural and mechanical parameters, sensory hardness and springiness.

76 s does not trade-off protection, measured as hardness and stiffness, for the ability to perceive tact

77 n and micro-pillar compression showed higher hardness and strength and larger strain rate sensitivity

78 Materials combining the hardness and strength of diamond with the higher thermal

79 tial property assessments show that both the hardness and the oxidation resistance of these high-entr

80 t for neutron detection due to its radiation hardness and thermal stability.

81 The well known trade-off between hardness and toughness (resistance to fracture) makes si

82 dening and toughening, the trade-off between hardness and toughness may eventually be surmounted.

83 cinating mechanical properties, although its hardness and transverse stiffness are inferior to those

84 or sensing two key textural features of food-hardness and viscosity.

85 s positively correlated with seed size, tofu hardness and water holding capacity and led to significa

86 It is demonstrated that the hardness and wear rate are improved by imposing MDF proc

87 nsidering the linear correlation between the hardness and wear rate, a simple and fast procedure is p

88 ntents, and various coatings to exhibit high hardness and wear resistance.

89 nanoscale experiments, in terms of strength, hardness and work hardening size effects in small volume

90 eat-treated condition, it was found that the hardness and yield strength of the heat-treated alloys s

91 radiation, diet, pollution, allergens, water hardness) and internal (cutaneous and gut microbiota and

92 ch independent parameter (i.e., DOC, pH, and hardness) and species-specific intercepts using Analysis

93 spatial texture profile analysis in terms of hardness, and (3) to demonstrate the anti-staling effect

94 Through density, hardness, and heat capacity measurements, we demonstrate

95 n also caused yellow coloration, decrease in hardness, and increase in the adhesiveness of the rice.

96 behavior, while retaining similar levels of hardness; and nanoindentation response showed microstruc

97 Finally, the Cu-Ta hardness appeared to follow a rule-of-mixtures when comp

98 rly attractive for high temperature and high hardness applications.

99 Density and hardness are found to relax and approach their ambient c

100 r most (high pH/low hardness and low pH/high hardness) are relatively rare in natural aquatic systems

101 roperties of these nanocomposites, including hardness, are comparable to those of enamel despite the

102 curacy and reliability of dentine colour and hardness as indicators for carious lesion severity has n

103 tion between near infrared (NIR) spectra and hardness as measured by texture analysis.

104 sed criteria equations but with DOC, pH, and hardness as the independent variables.

105 ad the most significant (p<0.0001) effect on hardness at 2h and 24h post-baking.

106 OF showed robust mechanical properties, with hardness at least 130% greater than that previously meas

107 ition caused a significant increase in crumb hardness at time 0 while a significant reduction of stal

108 rectly predicting the load-dependent Vickers hardness based only on the chemical composition.

109 asic methodology used by the USEPA to derive hardness-based criteria but with the addition of DOC and

110 tions similar in form to the USEPA's current hardness-based criteria equations but with DOC, pH, and

111 influencing Cu bioavailability than current hardness-based criteria.

112 ferent quality attributes, particularly skin hardness, berry cohesiveness and resilience, total hydro

113 nables the preparation of high-density, high-hardness bulk aluminosilicate glasses.

114 duced the slice area and increased the crumb hardness, but it could be counteracted by increasing dou

115 urce of alkalinity for removing noncarbonate hardness by WAC media operated in H(+) form.

116 High hardness can be attained by increasing lattice resistanc

117 ng tungsten atoms with tantalum, the Vickers hardness can be increased to 42.8 GPa, creating a new su

118 ossil individuals into broad ingesta related hardness categories using a support vector machine algor

119 m carious biopsies from different colour and hardness categories, hardness clinical examination was f

120 evaluated to classify maize kernels of three hardness categories: hard, medium and soft.

121 Therefore, hardness clinical examination is more specific and relia

122 om different colour and hardness categories, hardness clinical examination was found to be a statisti

123 ta from caries biopsies following colour and hardness clinical examinations.

124 ur affected the quality of dough in terms of hardness, cohesion, adhesion and breaking strength.

125 gelatinization degree, physical properties, hardness, color profile of dry and hydrated pasta, and s

126 pansion, overall expansion, specific volume, hardness, color, water solubility index, and water absor

127 iC(0001) exhibits a transverse stiffness and hardness comparable to diamond, is resistant to perforat

128 cubane molecular precursor and exhibits high hardness (comparable to fused quartz) and thermal stabil

129 o expand the limited number of reported high hardness compounds.

130 been tested over wide ranges of DOC, pH, and hardness conditions.

131 Increased bread hardness correlated with decreased water activity that w

132 density(ln(delta*)); the dimensionless micro-hardness could be expressed by a piecewise function usin

133 perimentally measured load-dependent Vickers hardness data are extracted from the literature and used

134 ivil Registration System, and domestic water hardness data were obtained from the Geological Survey o

135 In addition, the elastic moduli, Vickers hardness, Debye temperature, melting temperature and a p

136 Higher enamel hardness decrease and higher enamel roughness were cause

137 y 30% in volume, and the elastic modulus and hardness decrease by a factor of two.

138 900) is a genetic disorder exhibiting severe hardness defects and reduced fracture toughness of denta

139 tening functions, illuminating the ultrahigh hardness demonstrated in the experiment.

140 her at low pH or very high ionic strength or hardness, demonstrating their high physicochemical stabi

141 s can negatively affect physical attributes (hardness, density, and expansion) while positively affec

142 but is also consistent with widely accepted hardness-dependent WQC in terms of development and form,

143 ace current and/or conventional methods as a hardness descriptor.

144 al Least Squares Regression) can predict the hardness development of the control bread.

145 ures (sections and inner areas, porosity and hardness) did not follow a linear trend with the amylose

146 substrate adhesion resistance against pencil hardness, dry/wet scribed tape peel adhesion and 17.5 kP

147 The attractive properties of BMGs, such as hardness, elastic limit and yield strength, may also be

148 These glasses exhibit higher density, hardness, elastic modulus, and yield stress.

149 ted the attributes: appearance, color, odor, hardness, elasticity, stickiness, grittiness, taste, res

150 The hardness enhancement in hexagonal phase is attributed to

151 s work we investigate the microstructure and hardness evolution for a low C low Mn NbTi-microalloyed

152 itrate did not nonetheless influence the gel hardness except for the sample incubated for maximum dur

153 rong relationship between Ca and bitterness, hardness, fibrousness, crunchiness and saltiness (negati

154 Control of hardness, flexibility, solubility and function of the ma

155 We establish hardness for the decision and counting version of the DT

156 sugars, total carotenoids, proline and grain hardness found to be in positive relation with high micr

157 d oxidation, (iii) five textural parameters: hardness, fragility, cohesiveness, springiness and adhes

158 S) and peroxide value (PV)], textural (i.e., hardness, fragility, gumminess, chewiness, springiness,

159 Cooking time, hardness, free and bound phenolics, anthocyanins, proant

160 Our architecture derives its extreme hardness from the local resonance between the embedded c

161 show that 68 known materials have a Vickers hardness >=40 GPa at 0.5 N (applied force) and only 10 e

162 otic culture resulted in products with lower hardness, gumminess, and springiness, as well as higher

163 mple, its hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) hardness, HSAB absolute electronegativity, and gas-phase

164 onship between shear modulus (G) and Vickers hardness (HV), along with more recent non-linear formula

165 PI resulted in significantly increased crumb hardness in baked bread than the control whereas DCPI or

166 There may be a role of water hardness in the initiation of skin inflammation in early

167 Young's modulus and hardness increase correspondingly.

168 d bread crystallinity but gave lower rate of hardness increase due to plasticization of starch and pr

169 But, their hardness increase with the increase of the replacement r

170 We also demonstrate that nanoindentation hardness increased with amino acid content, reaching val

171 lled aluminum, further deformed locally by a hardness indentation.

172 80kDa+78kDa+74kDa PPs showed very high grain hardness index (97-100).

173 Varieties with higher grain hardness index resulted into flours with higher a( *), a

174 and monomeric proteins were related to grain hardness index.

175 Hardness investigations and AFM measurements indicated t

176 The overall process removes hardness ions from the water being softened and replaces

177 apid Visco Analyser (RVA) can describe maize hardness, irrespective of the RVA profile, when used in

178 tion pinning model reveals that the enhanced hardness is determined by the force required to cut cova

179 ative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor im

180 ABTS and FRAP), and sensory attributes (e.g. hardness, jujube-ID, and sweetness).

181 th sodium lauryl sulfate in water of varying hardness levels and chlorine concentrations, rinsed, and

182 ent MDF pass numbers using the corresponding hardness magnitude.

183 ams was carried out using seven conventional hardness methods (hectoliter mass (HLM), hundred kernel

184 dia and for promoting the crystallization of hardness minerals in a fluidized bed crystallization rea

185 The hardness model is then combined with the data-driven pha

186 Hardness modelling based on RVA viscograms was carried o

187 ling the as-cast material, which is the best hardness-modulus combination obtained to date in HEAs fr

188 However, to achieve maximum tissue hardness, most organic content in enamel is digested and

189 Vickers hardness number(VHN) showed no significant hard brittle

190 -sintered polycrystalline sample yielded the hardness of 11.8(4) GPa.

191 Further, hardness of 8.28 GPa combined with modulus of 221.8 GPa

192 of heuristics is motivated by showing the NP-hardness of a closely related problem.

193 astic modulus of approximately 6-19 GPa, and hardness of approximately 120-170 MPa.

194 tal size, whereas shear has little effect on hardness of asymmetric monounsaturated TAGs.

195 l%), we elucidate the origin of the superior hardness of biogenic calcite.

196 probe microscopy revealed an increase in the hardness of both single layer SiOC and Fe films after im

197 Particle size and hardness of chocolates increased in comparison to conven

198 culty, we discuss in what way results on the hardness of classically tracking time evolution under lo

199 In the textural characteristics, the hardness of cooked rice with CTE remained unchanged, whe

200 The hardness of diamond can be increased through nanostructu

201 Density and hardness of glasses are known to increase upon both comp

202 on the colour of the eggs' yolk, whereas the hardness of hard-boiled egg yolks was not affected.

203 The hardness of HENs and HECNs increased by an average of 22

204 unds, antioxidant activity, cooking time and hardness of IAC-600 black rice cultivar and MPB-10 red r

205 Surprisingly, the hardness of ISB specimens increased by 43.65%.

206 near correlation between dimensionless micro-hardness of molten zone (H*) and dimensionless laser ene

207 ng all dimensionless, a monitoring system of hardness of molten zone was established; by testing unde

208 The evolutions for both emission spectra and hardness of molten zone were researched in this work.

209 late the intensity of spectral line with the hardness of molten zone, the method of dimensionless ana

210 can be effectively employed to engineer the hardness of organic solids.

211 rted disilicides and analyzing the predicted hardness of several classic superhard materials.

212 ynthesizing and measuring the load-dependent hardness of several unreported disilicides and analyzing

213 er cutting forces were needed for the higher hardness of SiC, sapphire and PSS.

214 Hardness of snacks containing CL and TP was higher than

215 n-made space radiation to test the radiation hardness of space electronics.

216 solubility, pasting temperature (PT) and gel hardness of starch gels.

217 The hardness of the cell walls increased after all heat trea

218 als approaching or potentially exceeding the hardness of the diamond indenter, leading to debate abou

219 The elastic modulus and hardness of the ligand-free 3.7 nm ZrO2 superlattice are

220 a, local densities, indentation modulus, and hardness of the material, providing quantitative underst

221 Hardness of the MoS2 nanotube was similar to bulk and do

222 presence of stiff reinforcing platelets, the hardness of the obtained composites is an order of magni

223 All the thermal treatments increased the hardness of the raisins, when they were incubated at 57%

224 As a result, both the modulus and hardness of the repaired enamel were significantly incre

225 The hardness of the rice gels were found to correlate positi

226 The hardness of the Zr(0.5)Y(0.5)B(12) phase is 47.6 +/- 1.7

227 The hardness of W0.92Zr0.08B4 is 34.7 +/- 0.65 GPa under an

228 not expected to be limited by the radiation hardness of WSe2, but rather by the dielectric and subst

229 The hardness of Zr(0.5)U(0.5)B(12) is ~54% higher than that

230 tals, hexagonal delta-MoN exhibits excellent hardness of ~30 GPa, which is 30% higher than cubic gamm

231 erry skin break force (also referred as skin hardness or strength) was found between the two harvest

232 a melanogaster, prefers food with a specific hardness or viscosity.

233 selective removal of divalent cations (i.e., hardness) over monovalent cations can simply be achieved

234 Prevalence of breast hardness, pain, oversensitivity, edema, and skin changes

235 ulation in the photostationary state and the hardness parameter eta of the trans isomer show that azo

236 The magnetic hardness parameter of 3.7 at room temperature is the hig

237 laboratory experiments over a range of water hardness, pH, and in the presence of complexing ligands

238 or each 5 degrees increase in domestic water hardness (range, 6.60-35.90 German degrees of hardness [

239 s typically seen incompatible with intrinsic hardness, Re(2)(N(2))(N)(2) turned to be at a threshold

240 materials, providing insight into elasticity-hardness relations for ultrahard materials.

241 scopy of indentations to evaluate elasticity-hardness relations in the ultrahard range (HV > 80 GPa)

242 An efficient, easy-to-operate hardness removal process with reduced sodium in both the

243 f a cation exchange resin in Al(3+)-form for hardness removal, that is, exchange of divalent Ca(2+) o

244 s of the cation exchange reaction leading to hardness removal.

245 role in determining the physical behaviors (hardness, roughness and density) of flakes of the ZrO2 n

246 Increasing electrophile hardness should increase the probability of attack at th

247 our with the potato powders reduced the cake hardness significantly and the L(*) and b(*) dough color

248 ethods does not result in higher density and hardness, since the effect of compression is countered b

249 mechanical and textural parameters, sensory hardness, springiness and overall sensory acceptability

250 ion in surface complexation, Lewis acid/base hardness, steric hindrance, and electrostatic interactio

251 le, respectively, human dentin and enamel in hardness, stiffness, and strength and exhibit exceptiona

252 founded on observations of large increase in hardness, substantial pile-up and slip-step formation ar

253 icrostructures by X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness test method, and atomic force microscopy (AFM)

254 electron backscattered diffraction and micro hardness testing to produce maps showing a clear distinc

255 From micro- and nanoindentation hardness testing, all of the compositions within the ran

256 We performed scratch-hardness tests on hardened samples of class G cement bef

257 Hardness tests performed on electroplated [Formula: see

258 All RPF containing cookies exhibited lower hardness than CWF-cookie.

259 This species showed a lower hardness than Delica at time 0.

260 use native phytoliths show lower indentation hardness than phytoliths extracted by dry ashing, we pro

261 ess and pH conditions but more responsive to hardness than the BLM.

262 in wear resistance and unusual site-specific hardness that can be locally modulated by a factor of up

263 s including the radiation and magnetic field hardness, the absence of stray magnetic fields, and the

264 Additionally, at low and intermediate hardness, the MLR model is less responsive than the BLM

265 The hardness, the total phenolic content, the in vitro antio

266 heir structural properties, including color, hardness, thermal behavior, rheological property, and cr

267 round root:rhizome ratios, causing substrate hardness to decrease to within the optimal range for Ses

268 n, measured via the ratio of nanoindentation hardness to modulus, was similar across microorganisms.

269 and they exhibit relatively low indentation hardness, typically in the range of 10-20 GPa.

270 e-centered-cubic alloy in an experiment with hardness up to 100 times as that of single crystals, and

271 .2)Ti(0.2)Zr(0.2))N demonstrates outstanding hardness (up to 33 GPa) and fracture toughness (up to 5.

272 A thin film synthesis of high-hardness (up to 37 GPa) B(50)C(2) via chemical vapor dep

273 heir stiffness, shape, porosity, density, or hardness upon remote stimulation.

274 ting and dynamically stable, with a computed hardness value and electrical properties in excellent ag

275 As the Vickers hardness value of human bones is of 315~535 gf.mm(-2) an

276 showed a higher shrinkage rate and a higher hardness value, with a more porous structure of the surf

277 to boron ratio of 1:11.6 to 1:9 have similar hardness values ( approximately 40 GPa at 0.49 N loading

278 Tensile properties and micro-hardness values are also reported for both as-cast and s

279 effect, which can be seen in the plateauing hardness values for the W1-xZrxB4 alloy.

280 Moderately low Vickers hardness values of 10.6 +/- 0.3 GPa, compared to other t

281 s parent compounds, ZrB(12) and YB(12), with hardness values of 41.6 +/- 2.6 and 37.5 +/- 4.3 GPa, re

282 rediction (RMSEP)) for the quantification of hardness values were always lower or in the same order o

283 8 at. % Ti, 8 at. % Zr, and 6 at. % Hf gave hardness values, Hv, of 50.9 +/- 2.2, 55.9 +/- 2.7 and 5

284 nucleophile toward alkenes with higher HSAB hardness values.

285 Exceptional hardness was achieved homogeneously throughout the metas

286 ving the textural properties while the bread hardness was comparable with breads with gluten.

287 Soil hardness was greater in post-agricultural sites (i.e. mo

288 Aerogel hardness was increased by the citrate-mediated crosslink

289 mely dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH, and hardness, we developed Cu criteria using the same basic

290 morphology, phase identification, and micro-hardness were analyzed.

291 For the nanolaminates, changes in hardness were found to depend on the thicknesses of the

292 No significant changes in hardness were found, as compared to the unwrapped salmon

293 zone exhibit very similar elastic moduli and hardness when compared to the base material, and the wel

294 volume, worse sensory attributes and higher hardness), which was minimized when using fine flour.

295 difference in relaxation time of density and hardness, which is usually observed for hot compressed g

296 nd processing moisture increased density and hardness while decreasing expansion.

297 ystallization brings along an enhancement of hardness, while grain growth induces softening according

298 oindentation method, which showed increasing hardness with higher cross-link density.

299 is a link between the oleogel stability and hardness with their resulting oleofoam properties.

300 hodology is validated by comparing predicted hardnesses with alloys fabricated by arc-melting, identi