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1 precursors, two trajectories developed as T helper 1 (T(H)1) and follicular helper T (T(FH)) transcr
2 A large body of evidence indicates that T helper 1 (T(H)1) cells have pro-atherogenic roles and re
5 sion of activated lymphocytes, switch to a T helper 1 (Th1) regulatory pattern, and Th17 reduction.
11 notypes of interest: (1) a population with T helper 1 function that was increased with iNKT activatio
13 ion resolution, including dampening of the T helper 1 response, alternative activation of macrophages
14 erosis, and activation of antigen-specific T helper 1-type T cells is thought to fuel plaque inflamma
19 ers of CD44(hi)IL-17(+)IFN-gamma(-) memory T-helper 17 (Th17) cells in the retina, cervical lymph nod
20 nt interleukin-17A (IL-17A) secretion from T helper 17 (Th17) cells of the lamina propria, followed b
27 in mice and humans convincingly show that T-helper 17 (Th17)/interleukin 17 (IL-17)-driven immunity
28 develops under the influence of the IL-23/T helper 17 cell axis and is characterized by intense infl
31 ng lymph nodes and decreases the number of T helper 17 cells, a pathogenic cell population in EAE.
34 tored Treg function, suppressed pathogenic T helper 17 response, and significantly ameliorated the di
36 and other RAbos were strong inhibitors of T helper-17 cell effector function in vitro, showing that
37 g growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) suppresses T helper 2 (T(H)2)-cell-mediated cancer immunity(9), we sh
38 y exists whether cDC1s also control CD4(+) T helper 2 (Th2) cell responses, since suppressive and act
39 es interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 from T helper 2 (Th2) cells and innate lymphoid cells type 2 (I
40 phoid cells (ILC2s) are a potent source of T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines that promote AHR and lung infla
41 hildhood that is characterized by dominant T-helper 2 cell activation without adequate counter-regula
42 parent discrepancies regarding the role of T helper 2 cells in atherosclerosis based on studies that
43 ed protective response is dependent on the T helper 2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4), but not the T he
45 s was characterized by hypercytokinemia; a T helper 2 signature; recruitment of low HLA-DR expressing
49 erived costimulatory factors triggered their helper activity, defined by their ability to produce IFN
50 d by infectious cycling in the presence of a helper adenovirus to yield a new AAV variant that then s
52 DC have the ability to activate both CD4(+) helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in response to necro
53 riptional analysis revealed a polyfunctional helper and cytotoxic phenotype characterized by the expr
55 IgE levels, showing that Tfr cells have both helper and suppressor functions in IgE production in the
56 lucidation, and bioassays, we found that the helper bacteria inactivate tolaasin by linearizing the l
60 ggested that this association occurs because helpers buffer the negative effects of adverse ecologica
61 establish whether the presence and number of helpers buffer the negative effects of variation in rain
62 spectrum of transcriptional signatures, with helper CD4(+) T cells and B cells being relatively diver
68 ant mediator for the development of type 2 T-helper cell (Th2)-driven inflammatory disorders and has
69 pha receptor constant chain and changes in T helper cell 1, T helper cell 2, T helper cell 17, CD8+ e
70 anges in T helper cell 1, T helper cell 2, T helper cell 17, CD8+ effector, CD4+ memory, and regulato
71 models, dry eye disease is associated with T helper cell 17-mediated inflammation of the ocular surfa
72 tant chain and changes in T helper cell 1, T helper cell 2, T helper cell 17, CD8+ effector, CD4+ mem
73 uced a partial expansion of the T follicular helper cell compartment, essential for B cell memory res
76 cell epitopes, impedes the presentation of T helper cell epitopes, and attracts mannose binding prote
77 ed signaling to the promotion of effective T helper cell immune responses, during both anti-fungal ho
78 ) mouse leads to a shift of the follicular T helper cell program from follicular T helper (Tfh)-IL-17
79 e demonstrate that the CoV-2-specific CD4+ T helper cell response is directed against all 3 proteins
80 (H)2 cell and, especially, IL-17-producing T helper cell responses, and promoting memory T cell diffe
82 tial B-cell clonal composition, T-follicular helper cell signaling, increased rounds of productive so
83 CV-specific CD4+ T cells with a follicular T helper cell signature that is maintained after therapy-i
84 omoting disease) and a specific T follicular helper cell subset that contributes to IgG4 isotype swit
85 that leads to the development of a chronic T helper cell type 1-polarized systemic immune response ac
86 f T(H)1, T helper cell type 2 (T(H)2), and T helper cell type 17 (T(H)17), and of follicular-helper T
87 enriched for TLR (Toll-like receptor) and T-helper cell type 17 (Th17) signaling and endoplasmic ret
88 nd anti-inflammatory transcripts of T(H)1, T helper cell type 2 (T(H)2), and T helper cell type 17 (T
90 strain failed to induce the nonprotective T helper cell type 2 (Th2) responses characteristic of wil
92 ith a high dose of T. muris that induces a T helper cell type 2-polarized immune response did not aff
93 anies atherosclerosis, autoreactive CD4(+) T-helper cells accumulate in the atherosclerotic plaque.
94 ncreased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper cells and cytotoxic T helper (T(H)) cells (CD4-CT
96 TT-specific, CD40 ligand-expressing CD4(+) T helper cells and maturation of antigen-presenting cells.
98 required for the development of T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells tha
99 ior to treatment suggested that T follicular helper cells and various other immune cell subsets may p
100 promoted the differentiation of T follicular helper cells followed by an enhanced germinal center res
101 ly expand alloreactive IL-18R1+ T peripheral helper cells in allograft tissues to promote donor-speci
102 olific innate killers, NK cells are also key helper cells in antiviral defense, influencing adaptive
104 nscriptional characteristics of follicular T helper cells increasingly shaped the circulating HCV-spe
105 ignature associated with CD4(+) T follicular helper cells that is associated with longer progression-
106 mory B cells and a reduction in T follicular helper cells with a phenotype suggesting recent GC activ
107 dendritic cells (which activate T follicular helper cells) and lymphatic sinus-associated SIGNR1(+) m
108 pitopes that elicit CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) T helper cells, and IgG2b antibodies, and (ii) adjuvant ac
109 r T cell populations, including T follicular helper cells, and increases germinal center B cells and
110 tion, PI3K in B lymphocytes, iCOS-iCOSL in T helper cells, and the role of NFAT in regulating the imm
111 ponse was predominantly mediated by type-1 T helper cells, as demonstrated by the profiling of the Ig
112 sed splenic CD3+ T cells, specifically CD4+T helper cells, compared to splenocytes from non-irradiate
113 germinal center formation, and T follicular helper cells, especially when the load of the antigen is
114 oduced mainly by Th17 cells and T follicular helper cells, has been intensively investigated in B cel
115 of this effector program become T follicular helper cells, supporting development of B cells expressi
116 of less T-central-memory cells, T-follicular-helper cells, TGF-beta response, and CD4( +) T memory re
125 of circulating CXCR5(+)PD-1(+) T follicular helper (cT(FH)) and T follicular regulatory (T(FR)) cell
126 T cells revealed that IL-2(+) cells produce helper cytokines, and that IFN-gamma(+) cells produce cy
127 Induced Loops (RAIL), utilizes complementary helper DNA oligonucleotides that expose gaps or loops at
130 a B cell GAS peptide epitope, a universal T helper epitope, and a synthetic toll-like receptor 2-tar
133 tase-A with RgE-tuned levels of the required helper factor SUMF1 demonstrated that the maximum specif
139 t requires Microprocessor recognition of the helper hairpin and linkage of the two hairpins, yet pred
140 r, linker lengths, and the identities of the helper hairpin, the recipient hairpin, the linker-sequen
144 eutrophils, instead inducing iNKT follicular helper (iNKTfh) cells that in turn promote autoimmunity.
145 onal regulator Id2, which defines the common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitor (ChILP), but not
146 ke 1, also known as ST2) in ILC2p and common helper-like innate lymphoid progenitors (CHILP), at leas
147 ch T cell subset function (such as effector, helper, memory or regulatory function) is dictated by di
150 -coil (CC) HET-S and LOP-B (CC(HELO)) domain helper NLRs that is recruited by intracellular Toll-inte
151 nd N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 (NRG1), that act as "helper" NLRs during multiple sensor NLR-mediated immune
153 70 promoter for a heat-inducible transposase helper plasmid, and creating vectors marked with the D.
156 L vector had a blunting effect on CD4(+) Th1 helper responses and instead favored the induction of my
159 otoxicity) or class II (important for T-cell helper responses) genes, we analyzed GWAS from 24 case-c
161 hus reveal that Tfr cells have an unexpected helper role in promoting food allergy and may represent
165 ), secreted by a subpopulation of follicular helper T (T(FH)) cells and T-B cell border-enriched fibr
167 lammatory effector T cells versus follicular helper T (T(FH)) cells that mediate high-affinity antibo
168 ds upon effective interactions of follicular helper T (T(fh)) cells with germinal center (GC) B cells
169 veloped as T helper 1 (T(H)1) and follicular helper T (T(FH)) transcriptomes contracted and partially
170 ock8(-/-) mice have a profound type 2 CD4(+) helper T (T(H)2) cell bias upon pulmonary infection with
171 CD4(+) effector T cells including follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are the major producers of TLR7-ind
172 e defects could be corrected when follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were induced before macrophage abla
173 ies, with increased activated T cells, naive helper T (Th) and cytotoxic T cells, loss of CD56bright
174 en (Ag)-presenting cells (APC) instruct CD4+ helper T (Th) cell responses, but it is unclear whether
177 Type 1 helper T (Th1) cells and Type 17 helper T (Th17) cells increased initially and promoted o
178 umulating evidence has shown that follicular helper T cell (T(FH)), a critical player in humoral immu
179 le to identify a super-functional follicular helper T cell (Tfh)-like subpopulation in lupus-prone NZ
181 Furthermore, we find an association between helper T cell content in thyroid tissue and a COMMD3/DNA
183 elper T lymphocyte proportions and low naive helper T cell proportions are associated with those most
184 r T cells and naive CD3+ CD4+ CD62L+ CD45RA+ helper T cell subpopulation fractions were significantly
186 These include a defective interaction of helper T cells (CD4+) with B cells in germinal centers,
187 ty and gene connectivity in human follicular helper T cells (TFH), a cell type required for anti-nucl
189 n model on the mouse, and detect whether the helper T cells (Th) and regulatory T cells (Treg) could
190 of their antigen receptor (TCR) by B cells, helper T cells act on B cells via CD40 ligand and secret
191 as T(H)2, T(H)9, T(H)17, T(H)22, follicular helper T cells and CD28(null) T cells, as well as other
192 nifestations and GATA2 deficiency, CD4+ CD3+ helper T cells and naive CD3+ CD4+ CD62L+ CD45RA+ helper
195 us, targeted TGF-beta signalling blockade in helper T cells elicits an effective tissue-level cancer
196 on of germinal center B cells and follicular helper T cells in the draining lymph node and Ag-specifi
197 ferentiation of naive CD4 T lymphocytes into helper T cells subtypes, including types 1, 2, and 17 he
198 cells to differentiate into pro-inflammatory helper T cells that are prone to invade into tissue and
201 ne networks in the intestine associated with helper T cells' (Th1, Th2, and Th17) specific pathways.
202 rough liver-resident immunoregulatory CD4(+) helper T cells, alternatively activated macrophages, and
203 row-infiltrating OX40+ cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, as well as decreased ICOS+ and 4-1BB+ na
204 cells subtypes, including types 1, 2, and 17 helper T cells, that have more tailored immunologic resp
205 ogate endogenous, Salmonella-specific CD4(+) helper T cells, we show that certain host microenvironme
206 er ICOS(+) populations, including peripheral helper T cells, were highly sensitive to costimulation b
207 haracterized population of extrafollicular B helper T cells, which produced IL-10 and could play a pr
213 cently discovered population of T follicular helper T(fh)13 cells regulates the production of high-af
215 al specimens reveals a predominantly type 17 helper T-cell (Th17)/Th1 signature, implicating this as
220 he distribution of T(H) cell and folliclular helper (T(FH)) cell subsets was analyzed by flow cytomet
221 tantly investigated the role of T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells and B cells during ABMR in 105 kidn
224 e alter the functional state of T follicular helper (T(FH)) cells in vitro and in vivo, thereby exert
226 sful DAA treatment reconstitute T follicular helper (T(FH))-B cell axis in HCV patients is unclear.
227 of Ehrlichia muris that type 1 T follicular helper (T(FH1)) cells provide help to CD11c(+) T-bet(+)
228 onstrate a wholly novel mechanism by which T-helper (T(H) ) polarization is governed and provide crit
229 oxic follicular helper cells and cytotoxic T helper (T(H)) cells (CD4-CTLs) responding to SARS-CoV-2
230 natomical compartments, suppressing type 1 T helper (T(H)1) cell responses while permitting T(H)2 cel
231 ted T(reg) cells into the type 2 and type 17 helper (T(H)2 and T(H)17) effector T cells by Wnt and Hi
232 including T(H)1, T(H)2, T(H)9, T follicular helper, T follicular regulatory, and regulatory T cells.
233 ded double-negative, but depleted follicular helper, T-cell compartments and impaired Fas-dependent a
234 pecific SLE T-cells displayed a T-follicular helper-(T(FH))-like phenotype, with CXCR5/Bcl-6 and IL-2
235 lymphocyte interactions, drives T follicular helper (Tfh) cell development in germinal centers (GCs).
236 tly control naive B and cognate T follicular helper (Tfh) cell interaction and initiation of the GC r
237 nt SARS-CoV-2-specific GC B and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell responses as well as LLPCs and MBCs.
238 The current view is that CD4(+) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are the main subset regulating autore
240 nut flour, naive mice developed T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in their lung draining lymph nodes an
244 l center B cells, as well as to T follicular helper (TFH) cells, and directly regulates B cells and T
248 f lung dendritic cells (DCs) in T follicular helper (Tfh)-cell induction, a T-cell subset critically
251 id organs, which expressed lower levels of T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cytokines and higher levels of Th
253 ch was associated in vivo with a decreased T helper (Th) 1/17 differentiation and Treg formation with
254 ates immunosuppression, and by a subset of T-helper (Th) 17-cells, where it limits pathogenicity.
255 nitis and food allergy, mainly by inducing T helper (Th) 2 immune responses and clinical trials with
256 nf-cDC2s) were superior in inducing CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell polarization while simultaneously prese
258 ne system, NKG2D-driven regulation of CD4+ T helper (Th) cell-mediated immunity remains unclear.
265 onal specialization of NLRs into sensors and helpers, the independent emergence of direct and indirec
266 products and lingonberry press cake (called "helpers") to minimize lipid oxidation during acid/alkali
267 his was achieved by creating a binary vector/helper transformation system by linking the hopper(Bd-we
268 n that drives the generation of pathogenic T-helper type 1 (T(H)1) cells with proinflammatory cytokin
270 omplement C3 activity is integral to human T helper type 1 (Th1) and cytotoxic T cell responses.
271 ture of B cell enrichment, upregulation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cell-associated pathways, in
272 ravated phenotype is mediated by increased T helper type 1 (Th1) cell polarization, which in turn res
273 children and is associated with nonatopic T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell polarized inflammation that cor
274 larization and interferon-gamma-expressing T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells but increases in interleukin 5
275 ral factors such as OAS1-3 and IFIT1-3 and T helper type 1 (Th1) chemokines CXCL9/10/11, as well as a
276 oid cells (ILCs) functionally analogous to T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells are well charac
278 st innate immune regulator responsible for T helper type 1 and type 17 (Th1 and Th17) development and
280 diet analogous to the WD in mice leads to T helper type 1-/T helper type 17-biased skin inflammation
281 memory TNF-alpha and IL-17 double-positive T helper type 17 (Th17) cells is a leading feature of refr
286 o the WD in mice leads to T helper type 1-/T helper type 17-biased skin inflammation before significa
288 following each bladder infection, a highly T helper type 2 (T(H)2)-skewed immune response directed at
292 of dermal C-C chemokine receptor type 4(+) T helper type 2 cells, IL-17(+) cells, basophils, substanc
294 T cells from Valpha14(Tg) NC mice showed a T helper type-1-dominant cytokine profile, which may accou
295 is-affected tissues, the imbalance between T-helper type-17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) lymphocyte
296 he absence of AhR, we detected an enhanced T helper type-2 (Th2) [increased interleukin 5 (IL-5) and