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1 near the lateral ventricles (periventricular heterotopia).
2 cells which are mispositioned under cellular heterotopia.
3 les lead to a more variable subcortical band heterotopia.
4 sically epileptogenic; these include FCD and heterotopia.
5  X-linked lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia.
6  X-linked lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia.
7 d the cortex overlying band and subependymal heterotopia.
8  key role in the formation of large cortical heterotopia.
9 n of terminals was present in the underlying heterotopia.
10 ed in epileptic humans with subcortical band heterotopia.
11  of labeling were observed in the underlying heterotopia.
12  and radial orientation are disturbed in the heterotopia.
13 r changes underlying symptoms of gray matter heterotopia.
14  characterized by polymicrogyria and nodular heterotopia.
15 eighted images to visually assess regions of heterotopia.
16 ing cortex secondarily propagate to the band heterotopia.
17  99% for schizencephaly, and 40% and 91% for heterotopia.
18 aly, and 15 cases of periventricular nodular heterotopia.
19 ncephaly; and 73% and 92%, respectively, for heterotopia.
20 nt, especially for counseling patients about heterotopia.
21  double cortex syndrome, and periventricular heterotopia.
22 subgroup of patients with unilateral nodular heterotopia.
23 tive of excessive pre-natal neurogenesis and heterotopias.
24  and epilepsy with bilateral periventricular heterotopias.
25 ed to show altered neuronal connectivity and heterotopias.
26 he gene for filamin A, cause periventricular heterotopias.
27 ociated with the formation of large neuronal heterotopias.
28  (3 members from 2 families), and focal band heterotopia (1 individual).
29 s consisted of focal cortical dysplasia (5), heterotopia (2), hamartoma (3), cortical duplication (1)
30 the double-cortex syndrome (subcortical band heterotopia, 30 persons), polymicrogyria with megalencep
31 megalencephaly (20), periventricular nodular heterotopia (61), and pachygyria (47).
32 e cortex (DC; also known as subcortical band heterotopia), a neuronal migration disorder causing epil
33 ral neurons and give rise to periventricular heterotopia, a disorder that leads to epilepsy and vascu
34 variant demonstrated periventricular nodular heterotopia, a neuronal migration disorder, yet overexpr
35 s to a phenotype resembling subcortical band heterotopia, also known as "double cortex," a brain malf
36  complex 1 (Tsc1) heterozygote mice leads to heterotopia and abnormal neuronal morphogenesis as seen
37 ons, polymicrogyria, periventricular nodular heterotopia and diffuse megalencephaly without cortical
38          At 19 d post-electroporation (dpe), heterotopia and ectopic cells with a neuronal morphology
39 drome, with X-linked periventricular nodular heterotopia and FG syndrome (Omim, 305450).
40  cortical dysplasias had better outcome than heterotopia and hamartoma regardless of type of surgical
41 entricular heterotopia, polymicrogyria, band heterotopia and lissencephaly, dysembryoplastic neuroepi
42 icular nodular heterotopia, subcortical band heterotopia and lissencephaly.
43 ymicrogyria, periventricular and subcortical heterotopia and lissencephaly.
44 s with epilepsy from periventricular nodular heterotopia and matched healthy controls.
45 opment and function, leading to white matter heterotopia and neuronal hyperactivity.
46                               Human cortical heterotopia and neuronal migration disorders result in e
47           Although it is clear that the band heterotopia and the overlying cortex both contribute to
48 molecular layer and overlying leptomeningeal heterotopia and within the heterotopia itself.
49 ther findings in ET cases were Purkinje cell heterotopias and dendrite swellings.
50 e often discussed, notably entorhinal cortex heterotopias and hippocampal neuronal disarray, remain t
51 at the lack of Tsc2 in zebrafish resulted in heterotopias and hyperactivation of the mTorC1 pathway i
52              These lesions include migratory heterotopias and olfactory micronodules containing neuro
53 ption of pial basal membranes underlying the heterotopias and poor organization of fibrillar laminin
54 utants showed differences in the location of heterotopias and the organization of the hippocampal str
55 n as subcortical band heterotopia or laminar heterotopia) and affected males show X-linked lissenceph
56 anized pyramidal-like neurons (e.g., nodular heterotopia) and loss of lamination in cortical and hipp
57 man PMSE brain exhibits cytomegaly, neuronal heterotopia, and aberrant activation of mammalian target
58  heterotopic bands, subependymal grey matter heterotopia, and the cortex overlying band and subependy
59 hment of radial glial endfeet, marginal zone heterotopias, and cortical dyslamination.
60 tion with heterotopic neurons, Purkinje cell heterotopias, and simplified convolutions of the dentate
61 od of neurogenesis during which cells in the heterotopia are generated is the same as in the normotop
62  we show that dyslamination and white matter heterotopia are not necessary for seizure generation in
63                                     Neuronal heterotopia are seen in various pathologies and are asso
64 ture, frontal polymicrogyria and gray matter heterotopia are uniformly present, whereas cerebellar dy
65                  Leptomeningeal glioneuronal heterotopias are a focal type of cortical dysplasia in w
66                                     Cortical heterotopias are clusters of ectopic neurons in the brai
67                                        These heterotopias are frequently observed as microscopic abno
68                          Hippocampal nodular heterotopias are prone to hyperexcitability and may cont
69 terotopia (PH), a common form of gray matter heterotopia associated with developmental delay and drug
70  like 1 (EML1) mutations lead to subcortical heterotopia, associated with abnormal radial glia positi
71            Bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia (BPNH) is a malformation of neuronal migrati
72  that presented with both MKS and cerebellar heterotopia, caused by an unusual in-frame deletion muta
73 blast migration give rise to periventricular heterotopia (clusters of neurons along the ventricles of
74 exams in children diagnosed with gray matter heterotopia confirmed in MRI (magnetic resonance imaging
75 a, abnormal corpus callosum, and gray matter heterotopia, consistent with a CMS diagnosis, but no ven
76                                          RMS heterotopias contained astrocytes, neurons, and entrappe
77          Moreover, the Rfx3(-/-) VT displays heterotopias containing attractive guidance cues and exp
78 rophy, additional brain abnormalities (e.g., heterotopia, Dandy-Walker malformation), pituitary insuf
79                              Sensitivity for heterotopia decreased to 44% for fetuses younger than 24
80 brain frequently resulted in periventricular heterotopia, developmental abnormalities often associate
81 vo, leading to the formation of white matter heterotopias displaying neuronal hyperexcitability.
82                        We show that the band heterotopia does not constitute a primary origin for int
83 l cortical malformations, megalencephaly and heterotopia due to constitutional AKT3 mutations.
84 des agyria, pachygyria, and subcortical band heterotopia; each represents anatomical malformations of
85 h cerebral ventriculomegaly, periventricular heterotopias, echogenic kidneys, and renal failure was h
86  hippocampal lamination defects, hippocampal heterotopias, enlarged dysplastic neurons and glia, abno
87 motopic neocortex; however, the cells in the heterotopia exhibit a "rim-to-core" neurogenetic pattern
88                               Neurons in the heterotopia exhibit neocortical-like morphologies and se
89  useful biomarker in epilepsy in gray matter heterotopia, expand our understanding of circuit mechani
90 MAM-exposed rats the abnormal cell clusters (heterotopia) first appear postnatally in the hippocampus
91  LIS1), persons with periventricular nodular heterotopia (FLNA), and persons with pachygyria (TUBB2B)
92   We report that leptomeningeal glioneuronal heterotopias form in Emx2(-/-) mice that are equivalent
93 bnormalities in basement membrane integrity, heterotopia formation, neuronal overmigration, and menin
94 l basement membrane integrity, marginal zone heterotopia formation, neuronal overmigration, meningeal
95 escribe a cellular mechanism responsible for heterotopia formation.
96 l lamination defects and reduced hippocampal heterotopia formation.
97 e cells is likely to be a critical event for heterotopia formation; however, the underlying mechanism
98 terotopia (PVNH) is the most common neuronal heterotopia, frequently resulting in pharmaco-resistant
99                                  Gray matter heterotopia (GMH) is a malformation of the central nervo
100 that patients with epilepsy from gray matter heterotopia have altered cortical physiology consistent
101 A, affecting brain (peri-ventricular nodular heterotopia), heart (valve defect), skeleton, gastrointe
102 n the neighboring portions of the underlying heterotopia; however, these neurons did not display char
103 urine model, tvrm360, displaying subcortical heterotopia, hydrocephalus and disorganization of retina
104  (i) micrencephaly without polymicrogyria or heterotopia; (ii) atrophic cerebellar hemispheres with s
105  period (GD19-PN2) induces a periventricular heterotopia in 100% of the offspring.
106 sly characterized the robust penetrance of a heterotopia in a rat model, induced by thyroid hormone (
107 ence and cytoarchitecture of molecular-layer heterotopia in C57BL/6J mice and related strains obtaine
108 eristic morphological changes of gray matter heterotopia in children hospitalized in our institution
109 of human FLNA causes periventricular nodular heterotopia in females and is generally lethal (cause un
110  role of the normotopic cortex over the band heterotopia in generating interictal epileptiform activi
111 rmation of synaptic circuitry under cellular heterotopia in hippocampal CA1, using a mouse model of t
112 he previously reported prevalence of gastric heterotopia in the cervical esophagus, also termed inlet
113 uces diffuse cortical dysplasia and neuronal heterotopia in the neocortex and hippocampus.
114 sterior to the caudate nuclei, "ribbon-like" heterotopia in the posterior frontal region, and dysplas
115       The absence of periventricular nodular heterotopias in this R99H-ARF1 subject also indicates th
116 of cell migration abnormalities, gray matter heterotopia included, MR imaging remains the method of c
117                                  Subcortical heterotopia is a cortical malformation associated with e
118  lead to hippocampal injury and white matter heterotopia is not invariably associated with hippocampa
119                                The bilateral heterotopia is prominent below the frontal and parietal
120                              Periventricular heterotopias is a malformation of cortical development,
121 ng leptomeningeal heterotopia and within the heterotopia itself.
122 erentiation, resulting in a subcortical band heterotopia-like phenotype, reminiscent of loss of doubl
123 ncephaly, holoprosencephaly, periventricular heterotopia, lissencephaly, and Joubert syndrome.
124 cterized by microcephaly and periventricular heterotopia maps to chromosome 20 and is caused by mutat
125  metaplastic foveolar epithelium and gastric heterotopia) may mimic neoplastic adenomatous pathology.
126                                           OB heterotopia, micronodules, and dendrite hypertrophy were
127              Among children with gray matter heterotopia most common clinical symptoms were: epilepsy
128 cts in the Gsh1/2 mutants, there are pallial heterotopia near the cortical/subcortical limit and defe
129 e of four patients with subependymal nodular heterotopia, nodules had lower [(11)C]FMZ-V(d) than the
130                                  Gray matter heterotopia occurred more often with other developmental
131                                  Gray matter heterotopia occurred with other developmental disorders
132  with subcortical or periventricular nodular heterotopia of different aetiologies: one with severe ep
133 are cells of endothelial lineage rather than heterotopia of epithelial cells; these cells probably ar
134 t p35-deficient mice also exhibit dysplasia/ heterotopia of principal neurons in the hippocampal form
135  cells, but not preplate cells, comprise the heterotopia of the tish cortex.
136 ons normally seen in periventricular nodular heterotopia on MRI.
137  severely thickened cortex to posterior band heterotopia only.
138 syndrome (DC; also known as subcortical band heterotopia or laminar heterotopia) and affected males s
139 %) patients additionally had schizencephaly, heterotopia, or focal cortical dysplasia.
140                                              Heterotopia patients with active epilepsy demonstrated a
141                              Periventricular heterotopia (PH) involves dramatic malformations of the
142                              Periventricular heterotopia (PH) is a disorder characterized by neuronal
143                              Periventricular heterotopia (PH) is a human malformation of cortical dev
144                              Periventricular heterotopia (PH) is a human neuronal migration disorder
145                              Periventricular heterotopia (PH) is a malformation of cortical developme
146                              Periventricular heterotopia (PH), a common form of gray matter heterotop
147 nked dominant human disorder periventricular heterotopia (PH), many neurons fail to migrate and persi
148 human neurological disorder, periventricular heterotopia (PH).
149 hibit MCCs resembling severe periventricular heterotopia (PH).
150 nA) cause the human disorder periventricular heterotopia (PH).
151  and form persistent periventricular nodular heterotopia (PH).
152 ental disorders with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) are etiologically heterogeneous, and t
153 microgyria (PMG) and periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) are two developmental brain malformati
154 microcephaly, lissencephaly, periventricular heterotopia, polymicrogyria and other malformations.
155 D: focal cortical dysplasia, periventricular heterotopia, polymicrogyria, band heterotopia and lissen
156 malities, white matter thinning, grey matter heterotopia, polymicrogyria/dysgyria, brainstem anomalie
157 aly, as well as co-occurrence of subcortical heterotopia posterior to the caudate nuclei, "ribbon-lik
158 ns including pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia, presumably caused by disruption of neuronal
159 this patient did not exhibit periventricular heterotopias previously observed in other patients with
160                                     Although heterotopia production is TrkB mediated, BDNF is >10-fol
161                              Periventricular heterotopia (PVH) is a congenital malformation of human
162                      Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is the most common neuronal heterotop
163 ble in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) to detect abnormal fiber projections
164 ion disorder, called periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH; refs. 3-6).
165 n in the whole brain produced glial/neuronal heterotopia resembling the cerebral cortex malformation
166                                              Heterotopias resembling those found in cobblestone lisse
167           Thus, our new model of subcortical heterotopia reveals the causal link between Eml1's funct
168                             Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and classical lissencephaly (LIS) resu
169                             Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and lissencephaly (LIS), two distinct
170                             Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) are bilateral and symmetric ribbons of
171  we show, in a rat model of subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) generated by in utero RNA interference
172                             Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) is a cortical malformation formed when
173  HeCo mutant mouse exhibits subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), likely to be initiated by progenitor
174              Two of three patients with band heterotopia showed multiple increases in the overlying c
175 utant is seizure-prone and displays cortical heterotopia similar to those observed in certain epilept
176               This animal exhibits bilateral heterotopia similar to those observed in epileptic human
177 ncephaly (smooth brain) and subcortical band heterotopia (smooth brain with a band of neurons beneath
178 disorders, including periventricular nodular heterotopia, subcortical band heterotopia and lissenceph
179  polymicrogyria and overlying leptomeningeal heterotopia suggest an association between the presence
180 to confirm significant white matter neuronal heterotopia that might indicate an underlying developmen
181 we demonstrate severe neuronal dysplasia and heterotopia throughout the granule cell and pyramidal ce
182 set in the telencephalic internal structural heterotopia (tish) rat, which is a genetic model of heig
183 displays a telencephalic internal structural heterotopia (tish) that is inherited in an autosomal rec
184 ring loss of lamination and distinct nodular heterotopia to examine inhibitory synaptic function in t
185 ddition, bypassing neuronal misplacement and heterotopia using inducible vectors do not prevent seizu
186 found that the prevalence of molecular-layer heterotopia vaired according to the sex as well as the v
187 rains, abnormal radial glia delamination and heterotopia volume were significantly reduced.
188                              Sensitivity for heterotopia was lower for fetuses younger than 24 weeks.
189                     Subependymal gray matter heterotopia was more common than subcortical GMH.
190                                         When heterotopia was seen in two planes, specificity was 100%
191 tracks emanating from one or more regions of heterotopia were reported by all four readers in all 14
192                    Abnormal cell clusters or heterotopias were detected in the marginal zone, and dis
193                                              Heterotopias were detected in transgenic mice as early a
194 rely stop migrating to form subcortical band heterotopias within the intermediate zone and then white
195 larged, indented cortical plate and cellular heterotopias within the ventricular zone, similar to the

 
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