ライフサイエンスコーパス: heterotypic

1 Niche interactions are mediated by heterotypic adherens junctions (hAJs) involving cancer-d

2 engage osteogenic niches in the bone through heterotypic adherins junctions.

3 in the endothelium, whereas N-cadherin forms heterotypic adhesion between endothelial cells and surro

4 ves poor prognosis by promoting survival and heterotypic adhesion.

5 Platelets form heterotypic aggregates with neutrophils, and we hypothes

6 AKT2 inhibition reduced heterotypic aggregation of neutrophils and platelets iso

7 he microenvironments and fluid properties of heterotypic and homotypic droplets.

8 ring revealed specific associations for both heterotypic and homotypic motif-pairs with particular ha

9 Fusion is heterotypic and only occurs between FCs and fcms.

10 We classified strains as homotypic, partly heterotypic, and fully heterotypic based on the amount o

11 Preexisting heterotypic antibodies markedly reduced but did not elim

12 ndividual CSMG postganglionics formed mixed, heterotypic arbors that coinnervated extensively (>15% o

13 nism for pseudokinases whereby homotypic and heterotypic association is used to assemble scaffolding

14 associations among wave 1 diagnoses and for heterotypic associations from wave 1 to wave 2 diagnoses

15 ence, and participates in both homotypic and heterotypic associations with itself and LDAP3, respecti

16 hagosomes and/or their clearance through the heterotypic autophagosomal/lysosomal fusion process.

17 as homotypic, partly heterotypic, and fully heterotypic based on the amount of antigen-matching betw

18 P. gingivalis to SAPP, while monospecies and heterotypic biofilm formation, and invasion of oral epit

19 s assemble in living cells to produce mixed (heterotypic) bipolar filaments or whether filaments cons

20 Heterotypic bivalent binding enhanced neutralization com

21 ytoplasmic ubiquitin E3 ligases to conjugate heterotypic branched or mixed ubiquitin (Ub) chains on s

22 highlight two concepts, dynamical arrest and heterotypic buffering, that are key to understanding how

23 T cells were required for protection against heterotypic, but not homotypic, reinfection.

24 known about the cell signalling triggered by heterotypic cancer cell-fibroblast contacts and about wh

25 ated cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) can lead to heterotypic cell adhesion and tumor metastasis within th

26 To investigate heterotypic cell communication, we dissected murine and

27 Our results illustrate a novel heterotypic cell contact-mediated signaling role for Rho

28 A heterotypic cell fusion assay resulting in productive fu

29 roenvironment of tumours is characterized by heterotypic cell interactions and physiological gradient

30 These data render a new understanding of how heterotypic cell interactions may increase cellular forc

31 Heterotypic cell interactions were also studied.

32 lly increase cell power by 22x by maximizing heterotypic cell interactions.

33 howed that tensile forces can be enhanced by heterotypic cell interactions.

34 to quantify the effects of TGF-beta1 vs. the heterotypic cell interface on the power exerted by pure

35 mesenchymal stem cells drive condensation of heterotypic cell mixtures to create buds from diverse or

36 The MSCs initiated condensation within these heterotypic cell mixtures, which was dependent upon subs

37 pproach enables the large-scale formation of heterotypic cell pairs with controlled morphology and al

38 g through Shb is essential in EphB2-mediated heterotypic cell segregation and suggest a conserved fun

39 Notch receptors and ligands mediate heterotypic cell signaling that is required for normal v

40 Tissues comprise multiple heterotypic cell types (e.g., epithelial, mesenchymal, a

41 ECs may systemically direct the function of heterotypic cell types either in the circulation or in d

42 Communication between heterotypic cell types is essential for biological cohes

43 We model homotypic cell-cell adhesion and heterotypic cell-basement membrane (BM) adhesion with th

44 Heterotypic cell-cell adhesion and aggregation mediate v

45 f cell-cell signalling networks, we prepared heterotypic cell-cell interaction arrays using DNA-progr

46 has potential applications in understanding heterotypic cell-cell interactions and novel drug screen

47 AC to explore the impact of ECM composition, heterotypic cell-cell interactions and patterns of signa

48 cell adhesion molecule Cdh2 toward mediating heterotypic cell-cell interactions between neurons and C

49 Recreating heterotypic cell-cell interactions in vitro is key to di

50 Precise reconstruction of heterotypic cell-cell interactions in vitro requires the

51 however, the regulatory mechanisms of these heterotypic cell-cell interactions remain unclear.

52 ool for various biological studies involving heterotypic cell-cell interactions.

53 EphA4 signaling involving both homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell interactions.

54 typically distinct tumor cells surrounded by heterotypic cells and extracellular matrix dynamically i

55 pment of tumor-on-a-chip platforms involving heterotypic cells and their application in studying recr

56 tal cancer (CRC) as an example, I review how heterotypic cells differentially communicate to support

57 med cell-cell adhesion between homotypic and heterotypic cells via sequence-specific DNA hybridizatio

58 mensional (3D) tumor models that incorporate heterotypic cellular communication are gaining interest

59 g lies in capturing the panoply of homo- and heterotypic cellular interactions within the context of

60 orrelating with increased protection against heterotypic challenge.

61 rmeability; and 3) no claudin hemichannel or heterotypic channel made of claudin-16 and -19 trans int

62 chanisms of channel gating with concatenated heterotypic channels should be interpreted with care, as

63 A chemical approach to the production of heterotypic chromatin that can be used in such studies i

64 nflammatory cytokines through a mechanism of heterotypic claudin-binding incompatibility.

65 rol-independent clusters, resulting in mixed heterotypic clusters of Ras proteins that normally are s

66 FBS) patterns, including homotypic clusters, heterotypic clusters, and enhanceosomes, from real TF bi

67 Our study demonstrates that heterotypic communication between LCs and BCs is essenti

68 ial and neuronal cells, indicating efficient heterotypic complementation.

69 mbly that influence subsequent homotypic and heterotypic complex formation.

70 rmed by an intertwined thread composed of an heterotypic complex of cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15

71 n1 or Mfn2 diminishes the fusion activity of heterotypic complexes with both Mfn1 and Mfn2 and abolis

72 in bacterial clearance through formation of heterotypic complexes with salivary constituents that bi

73 Tau PRD formed heterotypic condensates with EB1, a regulator of plus-en

74 transmembrane proteins possessing homo- and heterotypic contact sites in their ectodomains.

75 cultured human epithelial cells after direct heterotypic contact with single primary human fibroblast

76 At heterotypic contacts with E-cadherin, unbound N-cadherin

77 nd SaHV-1 gB homologs retained function in a heterotypic context.

78 0.54 [range, 0.41-0.79]) and for nearly all heterotypic continuities (median tetrachoric correlation

79 ifested both concurrently and in patterns of heterotypic continuity across time.

80 DHD), and oppositional defiant disorder, and heterotypic continuity between depression and anxiety, b

81 Furthermore, the relative magnitudes of heterotypic continuity closely mirrored the relative mag

82 Heterotypic continuity is inconsistent with a view of me

83 s of disorders and patterns of homotypic and heterotypic continuity similar to those observed in samp

84 For these prevalent mental disorders, heterotypic continuity was nearly universal and not an a

85 Significant heterotypic continuity was widespread even when all wave

86 (homotypic continuity) and other disorders (heterotypic continuity).

87 s and mechanisms, predict both homotypic and heterotypic continuity.

88 Heterotypic cooperation-two populations exchanging disti

89 Two mechanisms can stabilize heterotypic cooperation.

90 Here, cooperators and their heterotypic cooperative partners (partners) exchanged di

91 ied coding benefits of homotypic coupling to heterotypic coupling across parallel neuronal pathways.

92 Heterotypic coupling was further confirmed via tracer sp

93 , resulting in genotype-specific patterns of heterotypic cross-neutralization.

94 ation of this component removes the need for heterotypic culture.

95 of GJ channel (homotypic Cx43 and Cx45, and heterotypic Cx43/Cx45 and Cx45/Cx43).

96 ly related (homotypic defence) or unrelated (heterotypic defence) to the prophage.

97 mediating cross-protection against secondary heterotypic DENV infection is not well understood.

98 likelihood of severe disease with a second, heterotypic DENV infection.

99 cells provide protection against a secondary heterotypic DENV infection.

100 tes the role of T cells during homotypic and heterotypic DENV reinfection.

101 were sequentially infected with homotypic or heterotypic DENV serotypes, and T cell subsets were depl

102 mablasts produced Ab that cross-reacted with heterotypic DENV serotypes, but with a 3-fold greater re

103 will greatly promote the application of the heterotypic devices.

104 lity of Hax-1 proteins to form homotypic and heterotypic dimers with binding affinities ranging from

105 macrophages is phagosomal maturation through heterotypic endosomal fusion.

106 ndary, rather than by differential homo- and heterotypic energies of cell-cell interaction.

107 Heterotypic enhancers are stronger than their homotypic

108 ntrast, neither gD nor gH/gL functioned with heterotypic entry glycoproteins, indicating that gD and

109 th untreated H35 cells demonstrated that the heterotypic environment and TGF-beta1 synergistically in

110 e NHF and pure H35 microtissues, whereas the heterotypic environment resulted in a 5-fold increase in

111 Rather, we observed that, in ADAM23-heterotypic environments, ADAM23-negative cells promote

112 clude a single-subunit restriction system, a heterotypic exclusion system and a predicted (p)ppGpp sy

113 homotypic [(F(C))(E(C)) and (F(N))(E(N))] or heterotypic [(F(C))(E(N)) and (F(N))(E(C))] recombinants

114 Tumor cell KRAS(G12D) engages heterotypic fibroblasts, which subsequently instigate re

115 We show that NM II isoforms coassemble into heterotypic filaments in a variety of settings, includin

116 d XLF form homodimers that can polymerize as heterotypic filaments independently of DNA Ligase IV.

117 rans intermolecular interactions can also be heterotypic-for example, between thrombospondin-1 and th

118 m de novo continuously in wild-type cells by heterotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesi

119 fusion (F) protein but can also activate the heterotypic fusion proteins.

120 Macropinosomes mature through homotypic and heterotypic fusion with endosomes and ultimately merge w

121 y the homotypic fusion of granules and their heterotypic fusion with mitochondria, as witnessed by dy

122 ved pathway activation following xenogeneic, heterotypic fusion.

123 o recycling endosomes, where VAMP3-dependent heterotypic fusions occur.

124 es contained in the vaccine than against the heterotypic G8P[6] and G8P[1] rotavirus strains of which

125 we show reciprocal correlated firing between heterotypic ganglion cells in multielectrode array recor

126 The presence of electrical coupling between heterotypic ganglion cells introduces a network motif in

127 the distribution of some Cx subtypes in the heterotypic gap junctions is not symmetrical; in the mur

128 Avidities to heterotypic genogroup I VLPs were not sustained at day 3

129 tate and kinetic properties of homotypic and heterotypic GJ channels composed of these Cxs.

130 ent Cx isoforms and forming homotypic and/or heterotypic GJ channels.

131 cribe the gating properties of homotypic and heterotypic GJ channels.

132 r testing drugs against tumors in a novel 3D heterotypic glioblastoma brain sphere (gBS) model consis

133 For example, heterotypic GPC complexes are unable to support virion e

134 evious biochemical data, the majority of the heterotypic H3K27M-K27ac nucleosomes colocalize with bro

135 g the recruitment of bromodomain proteins by heterotypic H3K27M-K27ac nucleosomes in DIPG cells, we p

136 lderly subjects developed significantly less heterotypic H5 T cell boosting, predominantly for T cell

137 or 90 microg) had no effect on magnitude of heterotypic H5 T cell responses.

138 modulated both the magnitude and duration of heterotypic H5 T cell responses.

139 intermolecular (also known as noncognate or heterotypic) help to generate robust Ab responses agains

140 herein the spontaneous in vitro formation of heterotypic hybrids between human bone marrow-derived mu

141 It is generally assumed that heterotypic immunity arises from the presentation of a w

142 the 3 subtypes and investigated evidence for heterotypic immunity through multivariable logistic regr

143 ccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) elicits heterotypic immunity to smallpox, monkeypox, and mousepo

144 ity to the infecting serotype is long-lived, heterotypic immunity wanes a few months after infection.

145 chanistic basis for VACV vaccination-induced heterotypic immunity which can protect against Variola a

146 the expected impacts of homotypic immunity, heterotypic immunity, and immune enhancement of disease

147 impairment in viral clearance or functional heterotypic immunity.

148 , decreasing with age, and almost invariably heterotypic, indicative of lasting type-specific immunit

149 DENV-specific avidity during acute secondary heterotypic infection is mediated by cross-reactive memo

150 02) and previous influenza infection against heterotypic infections (OR, 0.32; P = .045) were protect

151 Epidemiological studies link secondary heterotypic infections with more severe symptoms, and cr

152 vaccination and impaired lung T(CD8) during heterotypic influenza virus challenge infection.

153 ions and hydrogen bonds, consistent with the heterotypic interaction being favored over the homotypic

154 required both DEDs and represents an unusual heterotypic interaction between domains of the death fol

155 We also show heterotypic interaction between NPs from both closely (L

156 In contrast, heterotypic interaction occurred in a very limited numbe

157 al evidence for an alpha565 protomer and its heterotypic interaction with the alpha121 protomer.

158 Upon heterotypic interaction, exosomes are transferred from s

159 action of single cells acting as partners in heterotypic interactions (e.g., effectors and targets of

160 Heterotypic interactions across diverse cell types can e

161 gan-like tissues; however, it is unclear how heterotypic interactions affect lineage identity.

162 These events are fueled by heterotypic interactions among glomerular, tubular, and

163 We find that heterotypic interactions among protein and RNA component

164 Similarly, diverse heterotypic interactions and collective behaviors likely

165 ues in the C'C" loop necessary for homo- and heterotypic interactions are dispensable for MeV-induced

166 at this domain determines the preference for heterotypic interactions at one specific interface durin

167 In this context, we investigate the heterotypic interactions between Abeta and fatty acids (

168 Our data reveal that heterotypic interactions between epithelial subpopulatio

169 Heterotypic interactions between Flo11A domains from dif

170 This result illustrates an example where heterotypic interactions between pre-amyloid oligomers p

171 Moreover, heterotypic interactions between PrLDs support the assem

172 These interactions include three favorable heterotypic interactions between TFs.

173 These motifs can facilitate homotypic and heterotypic interactions between TM helices, activities

174 ply to multicomponent systems where obligate heterotypic interactions drive phase transitions.

175 Information gained on heterotypic interactions has further clarified the influ

176 However, the heterotypic interactions of neurovascular units, compose

177 her the PLAD mediates only homotypic or also heterotypic interactions remained inconclusive until now

178 erse group of phenomena in which short-range heterotypic interactions result in the selective elimina

179 yield a set of rules regarding homotypic and heterotypic interactions that are likely to be relevant

180 , respectively) engage in both homotypic and heterotypic interactions to create the capsid.

181 utonomously in endothelium, independently of heterotypic interactions with nonendothelial cells.

182 oth homotypic interactions between iHeps and heterotypic interactions with stromal fibroblasts signif

183 interactions with other ALCAM molecules and heterotypic interactions with the surface receptor CD6 e

184 conserved C-termini mediating homotypic and heterotypic interactions within and between both protein

185 s suggest that higher order homotypic and/or heterotypic interactions within distinct sub-populations

186 alpha-helical, coiled-coil proteins undergo heterotypic interactions, coupled with recursive self-as

187 eton and cytoskeleton complex, are formed by heterotypic interactions, which single-color tsMSQ is un

188 nsures tiling of the lamina neuropil through heterotypic interactions.

189 ophages is explored using drugs that inhibit heterotypic interactions.

190 gagement with their ligands via homotypic or heterotypic interactions.

191 motifs participating in either homotypic or heterotypic interactions.

192 This heterotypic interface resembles the interfaces observed

193 and Pegasus, which engage in both homo- and heterotypic intrafamilial interactions to exert diverse

194 of these breast cell lines in homotypic and heterotypic invasion assays.

195 rential distribution of NMII isoforms across heterotypic junctions and evidence for compensation betw

196 tricted to postsynaptic hemiplaques, forming heterotypic junctions.

197 TPs potentiate PtdIns kinase activities is a heterotypic lipid-exchange cycle where PtdIns is a commo

198 Here we describe a heterotypic mechanism by which one afferent controls syn

199 specific lipid milieu that is maintained by heterotypic membrane-mitochondrial interactions.

200 We observed that dissociation of heterotypic membranes from mitochondria inhibited BAK/BA

201 functionally and physically associated with heterotypic membranes, yet little is known about how the

202 m can be transdifferentiated on the basis of heterotypic mesenchymal induction.

203 Separating specific cell phenotypes from a heterotypic mixture is a critical step in many research

204 B. thailandensis stimulated the formation of heterotypic MNGCs in a T6SS-5-dependent manner.

205 -d-aspartate receptors in homotypic, but not heterotypic, MSNs.

206 Here we show that heterotypic multicomponent interactions dominate endogen

207 n homotypic (one chain type per polymer) and heterotypic (multiple linkage types per polymer) chains

208 coupled to conformational rearrangements and heterotypic multivalent interactions may be a general pr

209 thereof of cellular bodies assembled through heterotypic multivalent interactions.

210 tern involves attraction to tendon cells and heterotypic muscle-muscle adhesion.

211 wever, the association between homotypic and heterotypic NAb titers and protection against symptomati

212 The heterotypic nature of chromatin presents a formidable ob

213 23 in turn redirects RhoA/myosin activity to heterotypic Ne/Epi junctions.

214 et- and neutrophil-associated AKT2 regulates heterotypic neutrophil-platelet aggregation under shear

215 the JCI, Li et al. explore the regulation of heterotypic neutrophil-platelet contacts in response to

216 ith SHFV PRF signal RNA can be stimulated by heterotypic nsp1betas of all non-EAV arteriviruses teste

217 Here, we report that the heterotypic nucleosome has an intermediate elasticity (8

218 From these analyses, we predict that the heterotypic nucleosome is permissive to the binding of o

219 e mechanism by which the elasticity of these heterotypic nucleosomes augments cryptic binding surface

220 nucleosomes at specific cell cycle points or heterotypic nucleosomes containing both CENP-A and histo

221 ological outcomes that might arise when such heterotypic nucleosomes occupy large regions of the geno

222 ifferent studies as hemisomes, canonical, or heterotypic nucleosomes.

223 ves the transition of S105 from homotypic to heterotypic oligomeric interactions.

224 part because of the varied composition of a heterotypic, oligomeric, active Eph receptor complex.

225 at both connexins form homotypic rather than heterotypic or heteromeric gap junctions.

226 Heterotypic pairing with Cx32 WT showed that the absence

227 pes of cells, with a marked asymmetry within heterotypic pairs.

228 th modest attenuations, for the offspring of heterotypic pairs.

229 incorporated in the same nucleosome to form heterotypic particles.

230 t has opposing effects on the propensity for heterotypic peptide-RNA and homotypic RNA LLPS, which re

231 owing effort to understand the principles of heterotypic phase separation, the demixing of multiple p

232 e A or B influenza virus with its cognate or heterotypic polymerase.

233 s described here are dynamic and accommodate heterotypic polymerization.

234 onjugates, the physiological significance of heterotypic polymers remained poorly understood.

235 d proteins and to assess the architecture of heterotypic polyubiquitin chains.

236 lular communication in several homotypic and heterotypic populations by visualizing the transfer of f

237 bust neutralizing antibody response, whereas heterotypic priming elicited binding, but nonneutralizin

238 H5 heterotypic priming prior to onset of an A(H5N1) pandemi

239 ate TFRE activities in varying homotypic and heterotypic promoter architectures.

240 in the inefficient cross-recognition of the heterotypic promoter by the viral RNP complex.

241 inations conferred significant homotypic and heterotypic protection from DENV2-induced morbidity and

242 h polyanionic phosphoinositides and homo and heterotypic protein interactions.

243 ent of Xist(7) and, via self-aggregation and heterotypic protein-protein interactions, form a condens

244 s across time, so that the adjacent RBDs are heterotypic, provides an avidity advantage to cross-reac

245 These heterotypic Ras nanoclusters showed impaired Raf recruit

246 nockdown of PPARgamma and PTEN and performed heterotypic recombination experiments using embryonic bl

247 effect of IVIG on leukocyte recruitment and heterotypic red blood cell (RBC) interactions with adher

248 leukocyte rolling and adhesion and decreased heterotypic red blood cell-leukocyte interactions, coupl

249 osophila dominant mutation reveals that this heterotypic region regulates the recruitment of dynein t

250 ional Ago2*microRNA complexes that may exert heterotypic regulation of gene expression in endothelial

251 rs of functional miR-4443, which might exert heterotypic regulation of PTPRJ gene expression in MCs,

252 n contribute crucially to protection against heterotypic reinfection in situations where humoral resp

253 reinfection is less clear, especially during heterotypic reinfection.

254 Thus, a detrimental effect of previous heterotypic responses might not be due to dysfunctional

255 long-range electrostatic forces governs the heterotypic RLC behavior of RNP-RNA complexes.

256 similar effectiveness against homotypic and heterotypic rotavirus strains.

257 During heterotypic secondary DENV infection, subneutralizing an

258 s helix as a common structural signature for heterotypic SEFIR-SEFIR association.

259 Our results support a model in which the heterotypic segment is part of a molecular switch that p

260 of segment homologs, a lack of processing of heterotypic segments by influenza virus RNA-dependent RN

261 or an inability to specifically incorporate heterotypic segments into budding virions.

262 Heterotypic seroresponses observed between PIVs and pers

263 ainst reinfection with either a homotypic or heterotypic serotype 2 weeks later.

264 ng/priming factor and Ca(2+) sensor for both heterotypic SG-plasma membrane and homotypic SG-SG fusio

265 repertoire of signaling states that promote heterotypic signaling between distinct cell types, provi

266 ortantly, niclosamide affected homotypic and heterotypic signaling critical to intercellular junction

267 al/stromal separation, and identification of heterotypic signaling networks underlying microdomains.

268 The resurgence of interest in heterotypic signals in the onset and progression of tumo

269 gainst severe rotavirus diarrhea caused by a heterotypic strain in Guatemala.

270 ine type strains, 82% (70-89) against partly heterotypic strains, and 75% (47-88) against single-anti

271 ine type strains, 37% (10-56) against partly heterotypic strains, and 87% (38-97) against single-anti

272 omotypic strains, 71% (39-86) against partly heterotypic strains, and 87% (76-93) against fully heter

273 homotypic strains and weakest against fully heterotypic strains, with an intermediate immunity among

274 h an intermediate immunity amongst partially heterotypic strains.

275 typic strains, and 87% (76-93) against fully heterotypic strains.

276 ss of homotypic strains with fully or partly heterotypic strains.

277 e spacers represents a distinct mechanism of heterotypic superinfection exclusion and appears to prom

278 l and functional basis of these connections, heterotypic supramolecular aggregates were isolated from

279 Using this heterotypic system and a dual lentiviral reporter system

280 It remains heterotypic, targeting individual nucleosomes that do no

281 gen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and heterotypic TcpB and TIRAP interaction by co-immunopreci

282 indicating that enhanced efficacy was due to heterotypic tetravalent binding to two non-overlapping e

283 e able to identify the components of a known heterotypic TF cluster.

284 ession, providing quantitative evidence that heterotypic TF interactions distinguish cell type-specif

285 In the developing heart, heterotypic TF interactions, such as between the T-box T

286 ibution and define a combinatorial logic for heterotypic TF regulation of differentiation.

287 rs, as opposed to the larger-extent usage of heterotypic TFBS clusters in fragile enhancers.

288 Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo heterotypic tissue regeneration models with embryonic bl

289 An uncommon G12P[8] strain, partially heterotypic to strains in both vaccines, was identified

290 uced immunity against infection with strains heterotypic to the vaccine, in the absence of significan

291 n Africa, including against a serotype fully heterotypic to the vaccine.

292 ption factors often function in concert with heterotypic transcription factors to specify distinct tr

293 virus, influenza B virus cannot incorporate heterotypic transgenes due to packaging signal incompati

294 This heterotypic tumor cell - macrophage interaction results

295 parametric readouts of treatment effects for heterotypic tumor cultures that enables advanced analyse

296 h between similar (homotypic) and different (heterotypic) types of cells, with a marked asymmetry wit

297 r, UBCH7/UBE2L3 catalyzes the conjugation of heterotypic ubiquitin chains on p27(Kip1) that are prote

298 cell-cycle and quality control, we establish heterotypic ubiquitin conjugates as important carriers o

299 e, an inhibitory effect of viral proteins on heterotypic virus function, or an inability to specifica

300 ith Cx50 expressed in both pairing cells and heterotypic with Cx50 in only one pairing cell, and this