ライフサイエンスコーパス: hydroxide ion

1 the nature of the nucleophile (water versus hydroxide ion).

2 s 162) and a solvent molecule, most likely a hydroxide ion.

3 l cluster or the nucleophilic metal-bridging hydroxide ion.

4 action with a tetraaquo magnesium (II)-bound hydroxide ion.

5 le to regenerate the nucleophilic zinc-bound hydroxide ion.

6 c amide, regenerating SP after eliminating a hydroxide ion.

7 two metals and thus displacing the bridging hydroxide ion.

8 zero order, first order, and second order in hydroxide ion.

9 robes, AE was readily hydrolyzed by water or hydroxide ion.

10 decarboxylation initiated by the zinc-bound hydroxide ion.

11 g water molecule or, in the case of high pH, hydroxide ion.

12 multaneously deprotonated by an Mg(2+)-bound hydroxide ion.

13 concentrations of denaturant, reductant, and hydroxide ion.

14 ecomposed in the presence of ethanethiol and hydroxide ion.

15 3'-terminus is transferred to the resulting hydroxide ion.

16 ntly shared between a water molecule and the hydroxide ion.

17 ter, originally occupied by the nucleophilic hydroxide ion.

18 nt metal ions bridged by a water molecule or hydroxide ion.

19 s is a reversible second-order reaction with hydroxide ion.

20 hieved simply by electrokinetic injection of hydroxide ions.

21 rbed monomer dissociates and forms a pair of hydroxide ions.

22 tahedral Fe(III) ions connected by oxide and hydroxide ions.

23 What is the solvation structure of the hydroxide ion?

24 e media; their degradation is induced by the hydroxide ion, a potent nucleophile.

25 ange in mechanism brought about by attack of hydroxide ion acting as a base to deprotonate a carbocat

26 An alternative mechanism in which the hydroxide ion acts as a general base is considered unlik

27 hydronium ion is produced, the corresponding hydroxide ion adds to MV(2+) to form a covalently bound

28 We propose a conceptual model describing hydroxide ion adsorption behavior in silica gel and its

29 hose in the O(H) state, are coordinated by a hydroxide ion and a water molecule, respectively.

30 in the spectra are observed at n = 4 in the hydroxide ion and at n = 5 in the fluoride ion.

31 he SN2 reactions between methyl chloride and hydroxide ion and between 1,2-dichloroethane and acetate

32 2+, releasing the coordinate to the bridging hydroxide ion and increasing its nucleophilicity.

33 en = F, Cl, Br, and I) with the nucleophiles hydroxide ion and pyridine have been investigated quanti

34 d waters respectively generate the attacking hydroxide ion and the proton for donation to the leaving

35 , which can generate a high concentration of hydroxide ions and reaction intermediates near the catal

36 nometers, where the core becomes enriched in hydroxide ions and the pH increases as a result of hydro

37 Barium, sodium, and hydroxide ions and water molecules are found in the chan

38 inity inhibitors displace the metal-bridging hydroxide ion (and sometimes occupy a Mn(2+)(A) site fou

39 re 27:1.9:1.9:1 (cyanide ion), 29:2.6:2.4:1 (hydroxide ion), and 39:3.9:3.5:1 (pyridine), respectivel

40 site; they are about 5:2:1 for cyanide ion, hydroxide ion, and pyridine for attack at the halogen-be

41 and 6.3 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) for cyanide ion, hydroxide ion, and pyridine, respectively.

42 es the catalytic nucleophile, metal-bridging hydroxide ion, and stabilizes the tetrahedral intermedia

43 m ion intermediate, nucleophilic attack by a hydroxide ion, and subsequent ring opening through pre-e

44 liphatic amines, secondary alicyclic amines, hydroxide ion, and water in water at 25 degrees C and in

45 Free neutral imidazole and hydroxide ion are also effective quenchers of p-cyanophe

46 this feature is that both the hydronium and hydroxide ion are decorated with proton wires.

47 dic potential is applied to the ECM surface, hydroxide ions are produced at the water-ECM interface,

48 sting that water-ions, such as hydronium and hydroxide ions, are potential charge carriers, we predic

49 a high concentration of partially desolvated hydroxide ions around the bound guest arising from ion-p

50 and KH(2) epoxidation, VKGC generates a free hydroxide ion as an exceptionally strong base that is re

51 synergistic participation of the Ba(2+) and hydroxide ions, as well as the blockage of unwanted path

52 arbon deprotonation of proline zwitterion by hydroxide ion at 25 degrees C.

53 hat a higher concentration of metal-bridging hydroxide ion at physiological pH for Co(2+)(2)-HAI, a c

54 fully prevent recombination of hydronium and hydroxide ions at 3-coordinate bridgehead sites.

55 nal simulations shows that the enrichment of hydroxide ions at the microbubble surface, coupled with

56 ion of H(2)O leads to the generation of more hydroxide ions at the platinum cathode.

57 h protonation and rehybidization of N-3 with hydroxide ion attack on the adjacent carbon to create a

58 ng reactions, has been found to catalyze the hydroxide ion attack on the P-N bond of selected 5'-mono

59 The enzyme operates by hydroxide ion attack, which is intrinsically associated

60 monium salt to transfer a nucleophile (e.g., hydroxide ion) between an aqueous and organic layer cont

61 In addition to the binding of hydroxide ion, both FixLN and FixL undergo additional al

62 rdination anions, the metalloporphyrins form hydroxide ion bridged dimers within the organic phases,

63 ilibrium of a indium(III) octaethylporphyrin hydroxide ion-bridged dimer species with corresponding m

64 the porphyrin species spontaneously forms a hydroxide ion-bridged dimer, with the added lipophilic b

65 ration reaction is strongly catalyzed by the hydroxide ion but shows acid catalysis only at pH < 1.

66 This method relies on in situ formation of hydroxide ions by electro mediated water reduction at a

67 These hydroxide ions can hydrolyze the amide groups in the sub

68 In comparison with the hydroxide ion catalyzed reaction, the enhancement in k(o

69 The value of kHO for hydroxide ion-catalyzed deprotonation of the alpha-imino

70 plays a later transition state compared with hydroxide-ion-catalyzed hydrolysis of the beta-sultam.

71 ginary conductivity coincided with increased hydroxide ion concentration during urea hydrolysis.

72 (a) at the surface, and implying an enhanced hydroxide ion concentration in the surface region relati

73 It was found to be related to the hydroxide ion concentration, which must be 11 times grea

74 embrane (AEM) and catalyst layer ionomer for hydroxide ion conduction were used without the addition

75 ane water electrolyzers (AEMWE) that utilize hydroxide ion conductive polymer ionomers and membranes

76 ss-linked membrane materials exhibiting high hydroxide ion conductivity and good mechanical propertie

77 eta), His462(N)(epsilon)(2) (162beta), and a hydroxide ion (d(Fe-OH) = 1.91 A) in a distorted bipyram

78 The Bronsted base appears to be water or hydroxide ion depending on pH.

79 This suppression originates from hydroxide ion destabilization at interfaces, driven by r

80 .e., under conditions in which hydronium and hydroxide ions do not participate directly in the reacti

81 OH)(2)(+)], (3) directly deliver one or more hydroxide ions during formation of the latter two specie

82 pH is uniform in each system, hydronium and hydroxide ions exhibit concentration gradients that span

83 charged ions that, together with protons and hydroxide ions, facilitate biochemical reactions and est

84 ally shaped nanoparticles, attributed to the hydroxide ions facilitated reduction.

85 tions to the reduction of the free energy of hydroxide ion formation.

86 ciation to atomic oxygen but by regenerating hydroxide ions formed via the catalytic decomposition of

87 hanisms; and (d) regeneration of metal-bound hydroxide ion from a metal-bound water molecule requires

88 (Fe(2+), Mg(2+) etc.) and anions (e.g. ROS, hydroxide ion from cellular Fenton reactions, superoxide

89 ytosine (C75) acts as the general acid and a hydroxide ion from the divalent metal ion, or possibly f

90 the aqueous solvent, is assigned to loss of hydroxide ion from the intermediate.

91 ing step from proton transfer to the loss of hydroxide ion from the intermediate.

92 ge of neutral alpha-carbonyl carbon acids by hydroxide ion, from -0.40 to -1.0.

93 pled with elimination of the benzylic OH (as hydroxide ion) gave zwitterions (formal m-quinone methid

94 ated as a function of both the amount of the hydroxide ions generated and the mass-transfer character

95 ing through the porous membrane, consumed by hydroxide ions generated in the cathode reaction Ag(2)O(

96 om CH3Cl, C2H5Cl, and C2H4Cl2 by acetate and hydroxide ions have been investigated, using ab initio m

97 enzimidazoles (HMT-PMBI), charge balanced by hydroxide ions (IEC from 2.1 to 2.5 mequiv/g), and comme

98 induced by nucleophilic attack of C1' with a hydroxide ion in 5-substituted 2'-deoxycytidines.

99 ate (4-SMe) with morpholine, piperidine, and hydroxide ion in 50% DMSO/50% water (v/v) at 20 degrees

100 azirine (2) was synthesized and reacted with hydroxide ion in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer t

101 Hydroxide ion in both unmodified and deproteinated bone

102 obtained clear evidence for the presence of hydroxide ion in deproteinated bone by (1)H MAS NMR.

103 r proton transfer from these carbon acids to hydroxide ion in H(2)O.

104 With benzaldehyde and zinc-bound hydroxide ion in the active site, the oxygen of Zn(II)-O

105 this formula is the application of a potent hydroxide ion in the concoction.

106 experiment provided unambiguous evidence for hydroxide ion in unmodified bone as well.

107 enzothiophene-3(2H)-one (3H-S) by amines and hydroxide ion in water at 25 degrees C is reported.

108 tro-1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethane (NNPE(H(D))) and hydroxide ion in water/acetonitrile (50/50 vol %) were s

109 etitiveness for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over hydroxide ions in alkaline electrolytes, making InOOH-O(

110 e, dynamics, and transport of the proton and hydroxide ions in different aqueous environments, rangin

111 on is used to generate high concentration of hydroxide ions in proximity to a metal electrode.

112 solid-state porous coordination polymer and hydroxide ions in solution.

113 our charging process to accumulate reactive hydroxide ions in the pores of a carbon electrode, and f

114 of the microdroplets can spontaneously split hydroxide ions in water to produce hydroxyl radicals, th

115 low populated species such as hydronium and hydroxide ions in water.

116 p 250, and a solvent molecule (most likely a hydroxide ion) in a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement.

117 nd was notably weak and nonselective for the hydroxide ion, in accord with Hofmeister bias.

118 Hydroxide ion inhibits Photosystem II (PSII) activity by

119 monstrate that oxygen atoms originating from hydroxide ions instead of molecular oxygen are incorpora

120 a manner consistent with the partitioning of hydroxide ions into the membrane.

121 The metal-activated hydroxide ion is a critical nucleophile in metalloenzyme

122 Although loss of hydroxide ion is hugely exothermic, a concerted reaction

123 from water, after which the newly generated hydroxide ion is scavenged by succinimide.

124 ubsequent fragmentation in the presence of a hydroxide ion is supported by experiments described here

125 ing water dissociation (WD) into protons and hydroxide ions is important both for fabricating bipolar

126 the same voltage, where the formation of the hydroxide ions is plausible.

127 A second solvent (possibly a hydroxide ion) is bound terminally to Co2.

128 ng rate constants for nucleophilic attack by hydroxide ion (kOH), by water (kH2O), and by general bas

129 Imidazolium cations were deprotonated by hydroxide ions, leading to carbenes formation that self-

130 thway for degradation that is first order in hydroxide ion, liberates only one equiv of pyridine, and

131 s suggest a mechanism in which a metal-bound hydroxide ion located near the ligation junction promote

132 eaction conditions suggests that solvent and hydroxide ions may play important roles as general base

133 e been interpreted as supporting a one-metal-hydroxide-ion mechanism.

134 a pH-k(bkdn) profile consistent with solvent-hydroxide ion mediated ester hydrolysis.

135 phosphothreonyl residues were derivatized by hydroxide ion-mediated beta-elimination followed by the

136 The PhIAT labeling approach involves hydroxide ion-mediated beta-elimination of the O-phospha

137 In contrast, hydroxide ion mobility in basic solutions has received f

138 A duplexes using standard protocols, and the hydroxide ions necessary for mediating the dehybridizati

139 erved lysine, which stabilizes the attacking hydroxide ion nucleophile.

140 lfonamide group displaces the metal-bridging hydroxide ion of the native enzyme and bridges the binuc

141 arginine, simply displace the metal-bridging hydroxide ion of the native enzyme and do not cause any

142 ead to sustained slow release of calcium and hydroxide ions of CH for long periods of time, eliminati

143 Herein, we propose a hydroxide ion (OH(-) )-initiated degradation mechanism f

144 r, to predict the mechanism of conversion of hydroxide ion (OH(-)) to OH(*) or H2O2 (hydrogen peroxid

145 atinum ultramicroelectrode (UME), generating hydroxide ions (OH(-)) by the oxygen reduction reaction

146 Compared to other ions, protons (H(+)) and hydroxide ions (OH(-)) exhibit anomalously high mobiliti

147 lectrons and aqueous ions yield an excess of hydroxide ions (OH(-)), making the solution more basic,

148 m electrode is used to controllably generate hydroxide ions (OH(-)), which flood the downstream detec

149 uel cells to become a technological reality, hydroxide-ion (OH(-)) conducting membranes that are flex

150 ing isoporphyrin formation through attack of hydroxide ion on a cationic iron porphyrin with an oxidi

151 intermediate, formed by attack of water or a hydroxide ion on C2(PEP).

152 f decomposition is consistent with attack by hydroxide ion on the methylguanidinium ion (k2 = 5 x 10(

153 licit a nucleophilic attack of the resulting hydroxide ion on the nearby C-2(PEP), thus triggering th

154 ase catalysis for the nucleophilic attack of hydroxide ion on the scissile phosphate, and general aci

155 anism for the synthesis of KDO8P, in which a hydroxide ion on the si side of PEP attacks C2(PEP), for

156 mote the nucleophilic attack of a zinc-bound hydroxide ion onto the ceramide amide carbonyl.

157 In addition, the structure suggested that a hydroxide ion or a water bridging two metal ions may ser

158 with the hydroxyl radical yielding hydronium-hydroxide ion-pairs.

159 creased reactivity toward amines relative to hydroxide ion, probably related to the expulsion of the

160 that the anomalous diffusion of the aqueous hydroxide ion results from its ability to accept a proto

161 Both Lys 169 and a water molecule (or hydroxide ion) serve to bridge the two zinc ions togethe

162 The component of hydroxide ion serves two major functions.

163 ed to the solvent at high pH, resulting in a hydroxide ion that pulls the Znbeta2+ ion closer to form

164 n reaction generated a high concentration of hydroxide ions that induced deprotonation of imidazolium

165 by frustrating the solvation of protons and hydroxide ions, the products of oxygen evolution reactio

166 tracts a proton from water and the resulting hydroxide ion then hydrolyzes AE.

167 a bridging carboxylate and a bridging water/hydroxide ion, thought to be the nucleophile that hydrol

168 es prior to the beta-elimination event or by hydroxide ion to cleave the glycosylic bond.

169 ergoes nucleophilic attack by metal-bridging hydroxide ion to yield a tetrahedral boronate anion that

170 azole in the cavity and (2) polar binding of hydroxide ions to sites on the cage surface, both of whi

171 iquid-fed cathodes by enhancing transport of hydroxide ions to the anode.

172 ibly positioned to generate the nucleophilic hydroxide ion, to compensate for the incipient additiona

173 way towards a comprehensive understanding of hydroxide ion transport in AEMs.

174 To enhance only hydroxide ion transport to the anode, we developed a nov

175 in that their hemes are not fully ligated by hydroxide ion under strongly alkaline conditions.

176 te nucleophilic attack by the metal-bridging hydroxide ion upon binding to the arginase active site.

177 oor leaving group abilities of both CLGs and hydroxide ions via a concerted transition state, demonst

178 In unmodified bone mineral hydroxide ion was found, through a (1)H-(31)P heteronucl

179 Catalysis by the hydroxide ion was observed for the reactions of (1)HNO w

180 loro-3-nitropyridine with two equivalents of hydroxide ion was studied by NMR and X-ray crystallograp

181 Hydroxide ions were detected uniformly throughout the ox

182 ) is electrooxidized into nitrogen consuming hydroxide ions, which is the fuel cell-relevant faradaic

183 ates aldehyde disproportionation promoted by hydroxide ions, which leads to the formation of the corr

184 e rate of the first phase is second order in hydroxide ion, while that of the second is pH-independen

185 mechanism involving nucleophilic attack by a hydroxide ion with H125 functioning as a proton donor to

186 histidine ligands (H94, H96, and H119) and a hydroxide ion with tetrahedral geometry.

187 c interaction for complex formation of metal hydroxide ion with the partially charged side of biomole

188 rapid exchange of either a terminal water or hydroxide ion with water occurs at the ferric ion in the

189 based on simultaneous binding equilibria of hydroxide ions with two metalloporphyrins to form the di

190 tion of crystal structures suggests that the hydroxide ion would react at the re-face of the flavin,