ライフサイエンスコーパス: hyperopia

1 with refractive status (myopia, emmetropia, hyperopia).

2 reener in children with ametropia (myopia or hyperopia).

3 All patients had hyperopia.

4 performed for lower magnitudes of myopia and hyperopia.

5 curate, and predictable for the treatment of hyperopia.

6 amber depth, anteriorly positioned lens, and hyperopia.

7 were associated with a higher prevalence of hyperopia.

8 n isolation or in association with myopia or hyperopia.

9 of 41% and a specificity of 84% in detecting hyperopia.

10 for anisometropia development, especially in hyperopia.

11 o refraction and some evidence of linkage to hyperopia.

12 sm was associated with increasing myopia and hyperopia.

13 e cutoff of +0.75 D or less (versus more) of hyperopia.

14 myopia increased with the degree of central hyperopia.

15 e significantly more likely than men to have hyperopia.

16 n (SD = 4.5 D), including extreme myopia and hyperopia.

17 he FDA for the correction of low to moderate hyperopia.

18 5%) for myopia and 89% (95% CI, 81%-94%) for hyperopia.

19 e study of experimentally induced myopia and hyperopia.

20 67 D) and included both high myopia and high hyperopia.

21 ns of emmetropization resulting in myopia or hyperopia.

22 offer promise for the surgical correction of hyperopia.

23 aving thinner choroids than those developing hyperopia.

24 e, a linear function of the initial level of hyperopia.

25 severe myopia and 4.19 (3.42-5.15) in severe hyperopia.

26 dentify IRD genes associated with myopia and hyperopia.

27 erate to high hyperopia than low to moderate hyperopia.

28 4.81 D [SD 0.35]) with the highest degree of hyperopia.

29 structurally normal eye with resultant high hyperopia.

30 ientation, large-angle kappa value, and high hyperopia.

31 ndividuals, and its presence correlates with hyperopia.

32 factors, age has an inverse association with hyperopia.

33 . white, respectively; P < 0.001) and higher hyperopia (+0.28 mum/D; P < 0.001).

34 . white, respectively; P < 0.001) and higher hyperopia (+0.4 mum/D; P < 0.001), but not for other var

35 equivalent was associated with age (towards hyperopia: 0.34 (< 0.001)), AL (-0.66 (< 0.001)), ACD (-

36 inant 5.47% followed by astigmatism 1.9% and hyperopia 1.4% in both sexes.

37 ies (OR high myopia 19.5, P < .0001; OR high hyperopia 10.7, P = .033; SE -3.10 D [SD 4.49]); rod dom

38 Ocular examination revealed high hyperopia (+13.5 OD and +14 OS diopters) with reduced ax

39 72-month-old children with moderate to high hyperopia, 17.6% wore glasses.

40 iciency (6 of 72), strabismus (2 of 72), and hyperopia (2 of 72).

41 eropia differ from those for low to moderate hyperopia (2.0-<4.0 D) in preschool children, with famil

42 sion issues reported included myopia (41 %), hyperopia (25 %), astigmatism (25 %), and amblyopia (16

43 f SE high myopia 239.7; odds ratio (OR) mild hyperopia 263.2, both P < .0001; SE -6.86 diopters (D) (

44 1- and 2-year-olds with uncorrected moderate hyperopia (+3.00 D to +6.00 D SE), our estimates of fail

45 Children with anisometropia 1.00 D, hyperopia +3.00 D, myopia -3.00D, amblyopia, or strabism

46 ophies (OR low myopia 2.7; P = .001; OR high hyperopia 5.8; P = .025; SE -0.10 D [SD 3.09]).

47 nic participants having the highest rates of hyperopia (50.2%) and clinically significant hyperopia (

48 hyperopia (50.2%) and clinically significant hyperopia (8.8%).

49 ies (OR high myopia 10.1, P < .0001; OR high hyperopia 9.7, P = .001; SE -2.27 D [SD 4.65]), and reti

50 fraction was 68.8 %, higher with myopia than hyperopia (90 % vs 54.5 %, p = 0.01).

51 ital stapes ankylosis syndrome that included hyperopia, a hemicylindrical nose, broad thumbs and grea

52 For the continuous spectrum of myopia/hyperopia, a model specifying additive genetic and uniqu

53 The links among hyperopia, accommodative convergence, and strabismus are

54 Although the degree of hyperopia achieved asymptote, of + 2 D, shortly after 1

55 pherical equivalent refractive error to less hyperopia after controlling for baseline refractive erro

56 We assessed how corneal shape predicts hyperopia after triple DMEK.

57 ollected from nine healthy young adults with hyperopia, age range 18 to 25 years, in a sleep laborato

58 trated similar lags, while those with higher hyperopia, amblyopia, or strabismus had more variable la

59 lent refractive error from hyperopia to less hyperopia (amblyopic eye: -0.65 diopter, 95% CI -0.85, -

60 show great variability in the prevalence of hyperopia among children.

61 es, with the main complications being severe hyperopia and angle-closure glaucoma.

62 rapy in Mfrp (rd6) /Mfrp (rd6) mice suggests hyperopia and associated refractive errors may be amenab

63 But hyperopia and astigmatism are also being examined both i

64 Refractive errors, particularly significant hyperopia and astigmatism, in addition to anisometropia

65 eusis (LASIK) are also used to treat myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

66 ctive surgical procedures to correct myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

67 omising technique to correct low to moderate hyperopia and astigmatism.

68 use of the excimer laser to correct myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

69 tween nanophthalmos and less severe forms of hyperopia and between nanophthalmos and other conditions

70 s no consensus about the association between hyperopia and gender, family income and parental schooli

71 Hyperopia and high AC/A ratios are most clearly associat

72 ric ametropic and/or anisometropic myopia or hyperopia and in the event of nonadherence to traditiona

73 CI 0.96-2.64), but the associations between hyperopia and incident nuclear and cortical cataracts we

74 a whole, children who became myopic had less hyperopia and longer axial lengths than did emmetropes b

75 Hyperopia and myopia aggregate strongly in OOA families.

76 lence of nanophthalmos gene variants in high hyperopia and nanophthalmos and indicates that a large f

77 Ophthalmic manifestations noted were hyperopia and signs of ocular surface disease owing to n

78 should use standardized methods to classify hyperopia and sufficient sample size when evaluating age

79 Subjects with uncorrected hyperopia and uncorrected astigmatism reported more near

80 y-eight percent of these had myopia, 41% had hyperopia, and 11% had astigmatism.

81 Age, race/ethnicity, current smoking, hyperopia, and AMD-susceptibility genotypes Complement F

82 The prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism in NHW children was 1.20% (95

83 In Asian children, the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism was 3.98% (95% CI, 3.11%-5.09

84 en the most popular forms to correct myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

85 Younger age, esotropia, hyperopia, and botulinum injection were associated with

86 Esotropia, hyperopia, and botulinum injection were independently as

87 Older age, hyperopia, and east Asian ethnic origin are the main ris

88 smoking throughout pregnancy, anisometropia, hyperopia, and inheritance.

89 d by severe dwarfism, mandibular hypoplasia, hyperopia, and partial lipodystrophy.

90 studies enrolled patients with anisometropic hyperopia, and the remainder were mixed.

91 ications include increased age, preoperative hyperopia, and years of contact lens wear.

92 icipants underwent LASIK surgery for myopia, hyperopia, and/or astigmatism.

93 Relative peripheral hyperopia appears to exert little consistent influence o

94 Myopia and hyperopia are at opposite ends of the continuum of refra

95 Refractive errors, myopia, and hyperopia are common conditions requiring corrective len

96 viduals with anisometropia, astigmatism, and hyperopia are more likely to have strabismus.

97 pia was defined as </=-0.50 diopters (D) and hyperopia as >/=+2.00 D right eye spherical equivalent r

98 cal equivalent of -1.0 diopters (D) or less, hyperopia as +1.0 D or more.

99 or less, emmetropia as -0.75 to +0.75 D and hyperopia as +1.00 D or more.

100 refractive error as myopia of at least 1DS, hyperopia as greater than +3.50DS and astigmatism as gre

101 n of myopia should target the child with low hyperopia as the child at risk.

102 Black persons had less myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia than did white

103 significant refractive errors, specifically hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia, varied by gro

104 de of significant refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia; P<0.00001 for

105 ictable, and safe to correct low to moderate hyperopia, astigmatism, and manage presbyopia.

106 the shape of the cornea and correct myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.

107 Analyses compare myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and visual acuity between noncit

108 met specific refractive criteria for myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, or anisometropia.

109 ic effects are of major importance in myopia/hyperopia; astigmatism appears to be dominantly inherite

110 10], P = .016) and for genes associated with hyperopia, BEST1 (n = 38 [2.6%]) had the highest spheric

111 dred nineteen 3- to 5-year-old children with hyperopia between +3.00D and +6.00D spherical equivalent

112 ed in children with myopia beyond 10.0 D and hyperopia beyond 4.5 D.

113 Among children with moderate to high hyperopia, both eyes were affected in 64.4%, 28.9% showe

114 e potential to eliminate not only myopia and hyperopia but also the loss of accommodation resulting f

115 CS had an early onset of night blindness and hyperopia but no nystagmus.

116 eal/axial aniso-astigmatism, associated with hyperopia, but whether these relations are causal is unc

117 its of spectacle correction for infants with hyperopia can be achieved without impairing the normal d

118 apical ciliary muscle fibers are thicker in hyperopia (CMTMAX and CMT1).

119 Patients with amblyopia, high myopia or hyperopia, coexisting retinal disease, or prior surgery

120 wer ACDs, thicker lenses, more NOP, and more hyperopia compared to younger individuals (P < 0.001).

121 ur in early-onset accommodative ET with high hyperopia, consensus on causation is lacking.

122 The established treatments for hyperopia continue to accumulate evidence supporting the

123 Monkeys had +7 D (SD=2.3 D) of hyperopia, corneal power of 58 D (SD=1 D), and axial len

124 Although the first attempts at hyperopia correction were made more than 100 years ago,

125 Reduction in hyperopia correlated significantly with increases in axi

126 Hyperopia declined with increasing years of education, a

127 e, those with less than approximately 4 D of hyperopia demonstrated similar lags, while those with hi

128 ficantly positively associated with smoking, hyperopia, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),

129 Risk factors for moderate to high hyperopia differ from those for low to moderate hyperopi

130 graphic changes and lower regression rate of hyperopia during the first postoperative year.

131 tive error remained at a consistent level of hyperopia each year after onset, whereas axial length an

132 All subjects showed a relative peripheral hyperopia, especially in the nasal retina.

133 Hyperopia (farsightedness) is a common and significant c

134 of eye development characterized by extreme hyperopia (farsightedness), with refractive error in the

135 Children with hyperopia greater than +3.5 diopters (D) are at increase

136 The hyperopia group also presented a significant IOP elevati

137 ing and diurnal supine IOP was larger in the hyperopia group than in the myopia group.

138 Average diurnal sitting IOP was lower in the hyperopia group than in the other two groups.

139 Variations in 24-hour IOP in this hyperopia group were analyzed, together with previously

140 in habitual IOP was most significant in the hyperopia group.

141 malies, onset by 6 months of age, absence of hyperopia > 3 Diopters, operation before age 4.

142 fractive error (myopia >/= 0.5 diopters [D]; hyperopia >/= 3.0 D; astigmatism >/= 2.0 D or >/= 1.5 D

143 were defined as myopia </=-3.0 diopters (D), hyperopia >/= 4.5 D, astigmatism >/= 2.0 D, and anisomet

144 e common in 12- to 13-year-old children with hyperopia >/=+2 DS.

145 Uncorrected hyperopia >/=4.0 D or hyperopia >/=3.0 to </=6.0 D associated with reduced bin

146 Uncorrected hyperopia >/=4.0 D or hyperopia >/=3.0 to </=6.0 D assoc

147 Prevalence of hyperopia >3.25 diopter (D) varied (P=0.007), with the l

148 An ROC analysis designed to detect hyperopia >5 D in any meridian, amblyopia and/or strabis

149 Children with anisometropia >=1.00 D, hyperopia >=+3.00 D, myopia >=-3.00D, amblyopia, or stra

150 rical equivalent) declined with age, whereas hyperopia (> +0.5 D), astigmatism (> 0.5 D of cylinder),

151 to -5.99 D), severe myopia (> -6.00 D), and hyperopia (> 1.00 D).

152 ter [D]), emmetropia (-0.50 to +0.50 D), and hyperopia (>/=+0.50 D).

153 rs (D) and further classified into 4 groups: hyperopia (>/=1.0 D), emmetropia (-0.99 D to 0.99 D), mi

154 Cycloplegic refraction was used to identify hyperopia (>/=3.0 to </=6.0 diopters [D] in most hyperop

155 Those with higher hyperopia (>/=4 D to </=6 D) were at greatest risk, alth

156 hese to nanophthalmos or to less severe high hyperopia (>= + 5.50 spherical equivalent) has not been

157 val, 2.9%-3.5%), accounting for 15.6% of all hyperopia (>=2.0 D).

158 , the overall prevalence of moderate to high hyperopia (>=4.0 D) in the worse eye was 3.2% (95% confi

159 myopia, astigmatism, uncorrected myopia, and hyperopia had a lower vision-related QOL than emmetropes

160 ung infants and children with low amounts of hyperopia have similar lags of accommodation from the fi

161 e, in-office procedure for the correction of hyperopia, hyperopic astigmatism, and management of pres

162 ducation, and nuclear sclerosis), myopia and hyperopia in 834 sibling pairs within 486 extended pedig

163 Children identified as having significant hyperopia in a population screening program at age 8 to

164 error and familial aggregation of myopia and hyperopia in an elderly Old Order Amish (OOA) population

165 ss oblate, and exhibited relative peripheral hyperopia in both the nasal and the temporal hemifields.

166 igmatism associated with spherical myopia or hyperopia in chicks is similar to those reported in huma

167 shifts from mild myopia in neonates to mild hyperopia in infants.

168 a, varied by group, with the highest rate of hyperopia in non-Hispanic whites, and the highest rates

169 nalysis of spherical equivalent, myopia, and hyperopia in the Beaver Dam Eye Study was performed.

170 imates of the prevalence of moderate to high hyperopia in the general population and showed that in 6

171 Myopic children had greater relative hyperopia in the periphery (+0.80 +/- 1.29 D), indicatin

172 For a cut point of less than +0.75 D hyperopia in the third grade, sensitivity was 86.7% and

173 monkeys exhibited small amounts of relative hyperopia in the treated field.

174 rogression, axial elongation, and peripheral hyperopia in the year prior to onset followed by relativ

175 logMAR) and overall, there was a bias toward hyperopia in their refractive errors (mean: + 1.07 D).

176 dictable, and an effective way of correcting hyperopia in this age group.

177 Corneal surgery for the correction of hyperopia includes older lamellar techniques such as aut

178 The prevalence of hyperopia increased from 29% at 40 to 49 years of age to

179 The prevalence of myopia (hyperopia) increased (decreased) after 60 years of age,

180 Hyperopia is an independent risk factor for 2-step and 3

181 This may be the first evidence that hyperopia is associated with a thicker apical ciliary mu

182 Relative peripheral hyperopia is associated with myopia.

183 The frequency of hyperopia is higher among White children and those who l

184 - to 72-month-old children, moderate to high hyperopia is not uncommon and its prevalence does not de

185 Hyperopia is the most common refractive error in the ger

186 reas positive lenses cause lens-compensation hyperopia (LCH).

187 n, myopia was relatively more prevalent, and hyperopia less prevalent, among Asian children.

188 .5 D, anisometropia </=1.0 D) or emmetropia (hyperopia </=1.0 D; astigmatism, anisometropia, and myop

189 If myopia and hyperopia (< or = -0.5 D and > or = 0.5 D, respectively)

190 Hyperopia may be related weakly to incident nuclear and

191 ia may help to determine which children with hyperopia may benefit from early spectacle correction or

192 ial, but low degrees of overcorrection (i.e. hyperopia) may not adversely affect eventual best-correc

193 est MedAE but also more of a tendency toward hyperopia (ME +0.269 vs. -0.006 for Haigis).

194 had the highest spherical equivalent RE for hyperopia (mean 2.996 D [95% CI 1.830-4.162], P < .001)

195 cant cause of visual impairment, and extreme hyperopia (nanophthalmos) is a consequence of loss-of-fu

196 pproximately (mean +/- SEM) 0.7 +/- 0.3 D of hyperopia (noncycloplegic refraction, corrected for the

197 All patients (2-47 years of age) had high hyperopia, normal-appearing anterior segments, posterior

198 ornea and lens are normal in size and shape, hyperopia occurs because insufficient growth along the v

199 amblyopia was significantly associated with hyperopia (odds ratio [OR], 15.3; 95% confidence interva

200 y to have a significant shift in refraction (hyperopia: odds ratio [OR], 3.4 [95% CI, 1.2-9.8]; myopi

201 The protocol targeted postoperative hyperopia of +6.0 or +8.0 diopters (D).

202 usOptix A09 photoscreener underestimated the hyperopia of 0.73 D and slightly overestimated myopia of

203 Presence of strabismus, hyperopia of 2.0 diopters (D) or more, astigmatism of 1.

204 Bilateral hyperopia of 3.0 D or more or astigmatism of 1.0 D or mo

205 Suggestive evidence of linkage was found for hyperopia on chromosome 3, region q26 (empiric P = 5.34

206 active error and the risk of AMD, myopia and hyperopia only minimally influence the causal risk for A

207 R acuity can reliably detect myopia, but not hyperopia or astigmatism in school-age children.

208 performs acceptably in the presence of high hyperopia or high cylinder.

209 rently used refractive procedures to correct hyperopia or hyperopic astigmatism.

210 Hyperopia or myopia was induced by rearing 26 infant mon

211 ted probands and families (n = 56) with high hyperopia or nanophthalmos (<= 21.0 mm axial length).

212 gic retinoscopy, both devices underestimated hyperopia or overestimated myopia (-1.35 diopters [D] an

213 nd spherical equivalents, but underestimated hyperopia or overestimated myopia and overestimated asti

214 intracorneal implants could be used to treat hyperopia or presbyopia.

215 Subjects with greater than 4 D of hyperopia, or amblyopia or strabismus, have more variabl

216 a but showing increasing severity of myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism, are more likely to develop an

217 atients undergoing LASIK surgery for myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism.

218 ociated with the presence of amblyopia, high hyperopia, or the total amount of millimeters of surgery

219 iated with a higher risk of moderate to high hyperopia (P < 0.05).

220 = 0.0002), but not for myopia (P = 0.82) or hyperopia (P = 0.31).

221 tude of astigmatism (P<0.0001) and bilateral hyperopia (P<0.0001) were associated independently with

222 The surgical treatments of hyperopia present a significant challenge and reward for

223 Treatment of hyperopia presents greater challenges than treatment of

224 d to synthesize the existing knowledge about hyperopia prevalence and its associated factors in schoo

225 stable prevalence across age groups, whereas hyperopia prevalence decreased after infancy and then in

226 Meta-analysis of hyperopia prevalence was performed following MOOSE guide

227 ive error than did white persons, except for hyperopia prevalence, which was comparable in black and

228 mice reared in red light developed relative hyperopia, principally characterized by flattening of co

229 of 22 affected family members revealed high hyperopia (range +7.25-+13.00 diopters; mean +9.88 diopt

230 Hyperopia ranged from 11.8% among black men 40 to 49 yea

231 s) and lambda(s) for different thresholds of hyperopia ranged from 2.31 (95% CI: 1.56-3.42) to 2.94 (

232 The prevalence of hyperopia ranged from 8.4% at age six, 2-3% from 9 to 14

233 incidence was 12.0% for myopia and 29.5% for hyperopia; rates were 3.6% and 2.0% for moderate-high my

234 d nanophthalmos represent a spectrum of high hyperopia rather than distinct phenotypes.

235 e 3.6% and 2.0% for moderate-high myopia and hyperopia, respectively.

236 11.7%, in eyes with myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia, respectively.

237 Hyperopia risk decreased with older age, male gender, an

238 e association of potential risk factors with hyperopia risk.

239 Mean hyperopia +/- SD was 3.67 +/- 1.28 diopters (D) before s

240 ye, as indicated by short axial length, high hyperopia (severe farsightedness), high lens/eye volume

241 lly, all patients had reduced visual acuity, hyperopia, short axial length and crowded optic discs.

242 By 36 months, this reduction of hyperopia showed no overall difference between children

243 Reports on the development of hyperopia showed that it is axial in nature, similar to

244 s: myopia, sphere -0.5 diopters (D) or less; hyperopia, sphere 1.0 D or more; or astigmatism, cylinde

245 f the 88% who underwent cycloplegia, 58% had hyperopia (spherical equivalent [SE] >/=+0.50 diopter [D

246 ues, surgeons have multiple options to treat hyperopia successfully.

247 ropia was found to accompany both myopia and hyperopia, suggesting that other mechanisms in addition

248 or multiple reasons, including the fact that hyperopia tends to progress with age and becomes more sy

249 re strongly associated with moderate to high hyperopia than low to moderate hyperopia.

250 d cycloplegic autorefraction was higher with hyperopia than myopia (0.73 [1.34] vs 0.05 [0.66], p = 0

251 linking is increasingly being applied to the hyperopia that follows radial keratotomy.

252 ing, shallowing of the anterior chamber, and hyperopia), the pineal gland does not appear to be neces

253 opulation- or school-based studies assessing hyperopia through cycloplegic autorefraction or cyclople

254 ia and 15.3% (standard error, 0.06) for high hyperopia to 33.7% (standard error, 0.08) for high myopi

255 n spherical equivalent refractive error from hyperopia to less hyperopia (amblyopic eye: -0.65 diopte

256 antly (P < 0.0001) protected the chicks from hyperopia under constant-light conditions.

257 RK with mitomycin C was performed to correct hyperopia using Bausch & Lomb 217z laser for 120 eyes of

258 o glasses (1.00 D less than full cycloplegic hyperopia) versus observation and followed every 6 month

259 with higher odds of prevalent AMD (pooled OR hyperopia vs. emmetropia: 1.16; 95% confidence interval

260 The prevalence of hyperopia was 2.8% (95% CI, 1.9-3.7; 88 subjects), and t

261 5 D, and the cutoff for moderate-high myopia/hyperopia was 3.0 D.

262 The overall prevalence of any hyperopia was 38.2% and clinically significant hyperopia

263 The prevalence of hyperopia was 46.9% and was higher in women (51.8%) than

264 peropia was 38.2% and clinically significant hyperopia was 6.1%, with Hispanic participants having th

265 Hyperopia was associated with a higher risk of 2-step pr

266 rms of open-angle glaucoma and OHTN, whereas hyperopia was associated with a substantially increased

267 adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, hyperopia was associated with early AMD (odds ratio [OR]

268 of the 6 cross-sectional studies showed that hyperopia was associated with higher odds of prevalent A

269 Relative peripheral hyperopia was associated with myopic ocular component ch

270 Relative peripheral hyperopia was associated with thinner lenses between ref

271 pia was defined as SE of -5.0 D or less; any hyperopia was defined as SE of +1.0 D or more; clinicall

272 SE of +1.0 D or more; clinically significant hyperopia was defined as SE of +3.0 D or more.

273 Presence of hyperopia was defined based on cycloplegic refractive er

274 Of the examined population, hyperopia was found in 61% (4018), myopia in 20% (1336),

275 The prevalence of hyperopia was higher in girls than boys (P = 0.0002), bu

276 Hyperopia was more common among Group A cases, whereas m

277 Hyperopia was most common in Hispanic subjects.

278 Similarly, after controlling for age, hyperopia was not associated with incident early (RR 0.9

279 Hyperopia was observed in 3.24% and was associated with

280 ll, myopia was present in 94 subjects (22%), hyperopia was present in 222 subjects (52%), and emmetro

281 Hyperopia was related to incident nuclear (OR 1.56; CI 1

282 Prevalence of moderate to high hyperopia was slightly less in 12- to 23-month-old child

283 Hyperopia was the most common refractive error in both A

284 Refractive error (myopia or hyperopia) was significantly associated with VI in the e

285 , the prevalences of emmetropia, myopia, and hyperopia were 26.7% (n = 8944), 4.2% (n = 1397), and 69

286 Myopia and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent <-0.5 d

287 Myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent of <=-0

288 Myopia/hyperopia were defined as spherical equivalent < -0.5 di

289 Myopia and hyperopia were defined with five different thresholds.

290 Incidence rates of myopia/hyperopia were estimated by the product-limit approach,

291 Associations with myopia and hyperopia were evaluated in logistic regression analyses

292 ype and causal gene; and risks of myopia and hyperopia were evaluated using logistic regression.

293 High prevalences of myopia and hyperopia were found in this large black adult populatio

294 Bilateral astigmatism and bilateral hyperopia were risk factors for bilateral amblyopia.

295 Subjects with myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia were significantly more likely to report more

296 Factors associated with hyperopia were the same as for myopia, except for occupa

297 these tissues is a general feature of axial hyperopia, whereas the opposite occurs in myopia.

298 etropia, particularly those with significant hyperopia, which is considered to be a strabismogenic an

299 lar events that occurs in induced myopia and hyperopia with increasing precision.

300 rategies were compared for managing moderate hyperopia without manifest strabismus among 1- and 2-yea