ライフサイエンスコーパス: immunophilin

1 otein has been identified and shown to be an immunophilin.

2 ggesting a cytoskeletal localization for the immunophilin.

3 tide repeat (TPR) domain protein, such as an immunophilin.

4 B transporters and the TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1) immunophilin.

5 -binding proteins form the FKBP subfamily of immunophilins.

6 ved family of intracellular receptors called immunophilins.

7 in similar to the heat-shock protein-binding immunophilins.

8 o the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP) class of immunophilins.

9 pathways independent of calcineurin and the immunophilins.

10 d hormones, and on small molecules that bind immunophilins.

11 NA synthesis and in steroid receptor-binding immunophilins.

12 p23, and one of three high molecular weight immunophilins.

13 is inhibited by dominant factors related to immunophilins.

14 -modified channels and channels deficient in immunophilin 12-kDa FK506-binding protein.

15 Immunophilins, a superfamily of peptidyl-prolyl cis-tran

16 A5 did not interact with the closely related immunophilins AIPL1, FKBP51, or FKBP52.

17 52 genes have been found to encode putative immunophilins, among which 23 are putative FKBPs and 29

18 Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial immunophilin and a key positive regulator of the mitocho

19 The expression of many immunophilin and parvulin genes is ubiquitous except for

20 ne-regulated FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) immunophilin and small Ras family G protein cell growth

21 FKBP46 belongs to the high-molecular-weight immunophilins and shares many characteristic features wi

22 ential interactions between Hsp90-associated immunophilins and target proteins such as steroid recept

23 In addition, immunophilins and their chemical ligands are providing u

24 Immunophilins and XAP2 associated with these complexes b

25 ltiprotein complex containing hsp90, p23, an immunophilin, and often some hsp70.

26 iprotein complexes containing hsp90, p23, an immunophilin, and often some hsp70.

27 molecular chaperone components, including an immunophilin, and p23.

28 he formation of tripartite complexes of Ras, immunophilin, and the ligand.

29 risk recipients, avoid immediate exposure to immunophilin antagonists, and perform biopsy frequently

30 Competition assays demonstrated that both immunophilins antagonize one another, and binding assays

31 ast, the high molecular weight hsp90-binding immunophilins appear to play a role in protein trafficki

32 Plant immunophilins are a broadly conserved family of proteins

33 Immunophilins are a family of conserved proteins found i

34 Immunophilins are components of many steroid receptor co

35 Immunophilins are defined as receptors for immunosuppres

36 Immunophilins are intracellular receptors for the immuno

37 Immunophilins are intracellular receptors of the immunos

38 We propose that immunophilins are modulators of the cortisol-HPA axis re

39 Immunophilins are protein chaperones with peptidylprolyl

40 Immunophilins are studied in both plants and animals for

41 These results suggest that immunophilins are TRPC channel accessory proteins that p

42 unosuppressant, rapamycin, binds to the same immunophilin as FK506 but inactivates a protein kinase p

43 d, tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing immunophilin, associates with nascent plasma membrane io

44 An immunophilin-based mechanism could account for the toxic

45 to identify targets of kinase inhibitors and immunophilin binders.

46 ctivity of the channels for their respective immunophilin binding partner.

47 o, nuclear movement of p53 is inhibited when immunophilin binding to dynein is competed for by expres

48 These data show that immunophilin binding to hsp90 via TPR domains is conserv

49 Sanglifehrin A belongs to a novel family of immunophilin-binding ligands.

50 The FKBP51 immunophilin binds Hsp90 with its tetratricopeptide repe

51 ntaining hsp90, hsp70, p60, p23, and several immunophilins can assemble steroid receptors and oncogen

52 Several recent studies indicate that immunophilins can regulate neuronal survival and nerve r

53 racting protein (AIP), a survivin-associated immunophilin, causes embryonic lethality in mice by embr

54 does not express caveolin, does not form an immunophilin-caveolin complex, and does not transport ne

55 of caveolin is part of a heat-shock protein-immunophilin chaperone complex consisting of caveolin, h

56 In addition, immunophilin chaperones that form complexes with caveoli

57 The steroid-induced immunophilin cochaperone FKBP51 inhibits PR- and GR-medi

58 Deletion of Fkbp52, an immunophilin cochaperone for PR, results in uterine-spec

59 c studies in mice for a potential role of an immunophilin cochaperone in the etiology of human endome

60 on distinct from where the immunosuppressant-immunophilin complex bind.

61 hreonine phosphatase calcineurin by the drug-immunophilin complex.

62 receptor engagement and dependent upon drug-immunophilin complexes and, presumably, calcineurin acti

63 study of glucocorticoid receptor (GR).hsp90.immunophilin complexes in mammalian cells, there is cons

64 FK506.FKBP12 drug-immunophilin complexes inhibited the interaction of NFAT

65 se known to be the cellular target of ligand-immunophilin complexes, increase 3-fold during myogenesi

66 specifically inhibited by immunosuppressant immunophilin complexes, which enabled its function in re

67 ly shown that immunoadsorption of the FKBP52 immunophilin component of steroid receptor.hsp90 heteroc

68 ins suggest that the association of RelA and immunophilins could be direct.

69 omyces cerevisiae, CsA and FK506 bind to the immunophilins cyclophilin A and FKBP12 and the resulting

70 ous CrkII, but not CrkI, associates with the immunophilins, cyclophilin A, and 12-kDa FK506-binding p

71 The immunophilins, cyclophilins, catalyze peptidyl cis-trans

72 ocomplexes contain the cyclosporin A-binding immunophilin CyP-40.

73 We have shown recently that the immunophilins CyP-40 and FKBP52/hsp56 bind to a common s

74 (SQUINT) is the Arabidopsis ortholog of the immunophilin CyP40 (cyclophilin 40) and promotes microRN

75 FKBP52 and FKBP51, the cyclosporin A-binding immunophilin CyP40, and protein phosphatase PP5.

76 The immunophilin CyPA (cyclophilin A) has been identified as

77 suggesting that transcriptionally regulated, immunophilin-dependent but calcineurin-independent targe

78 These ligands bind to Ras in an immunophilin-dependent fashion and mediate the formation

79 ovide strong support for the hypothesis that immunophilin dFKBP59 is part of the TRPL-INAD signaling

80 in-1 palmitoylation because agents that bind immunophilins did not inhibit palmitoylation.

81 Each of the three receptor-associated immunophilins displays interactions with progesterone re

82 How the two structurally distinct immunophilin-drug complexes bind the same target has rem

83 Genetic evidence supports a model in which immunophilin-drug complexes inhibit calcineurin to preve

84 p53.hsp90.immunophilin.dynein complexes can be formed by incubatin

85 Cyclophilin-40 (CyP40) is part of the immunophilin family and is found in Hsp90-containing pro

86 This is by far the largest immunophilin family identified in any organism.

87 gs such as cyclosporin and FK506 defines the immunophilin family of proteins, and the FK506-binding p

88 interact with cyclophilin B, a member of the immunophilin family of proteins.

89 ble explanation for why plants have a larger immunophilin family than animals.

90 ances made in understanding the role of each immunophilin family, cyclophilins, FK506 binding protein

91 e that cyclophilin A (CyPA), a member of the immunophilin family, is secreted by VSMCs in response to

92 A) an intracellular protein belonging to the immunophilin family.

93 , an agent that competes with FK-506 for the immunophilin, FK binding protein 12, does not inhibit ca

94 Rapamycin binds intracellularly to the immunophilin FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12), and the

95 FKBP4, encoding the immunophilin FK506-binding protein 4, was identified as

96 The immunophilin FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51), in conju

97 Immunophilin FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) is a coch

98 1, also called FKBP5) belongs to a family of immunophilins, FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs).

99 (i) the identification of a homologue of the immunophilin FKBP-12 with dorsal anterior expression in

100 1046, a non-immunosuppressive ligand of the immunophilin FKBP12 (FK-506-binding protein 12 kDa), has

101 Disruption of the association between immunophilin FKBP12 and Ry1R with FK 506 or rapamycin co

102 The immunophilin FKBP12 binds the skeletal muscle Ca2+ relea

103 The immunophilin FKBP12 binds to TbetaR-I and inhibits its s

104 hese regions, creating a pocket in which the immunophilin FKBP12 can fit.

105 ransition state for folding/unfolding of the immunophilin FKBP12 has been characterised using a combi

106 ough interaction screens have shown that the immunophilin FKBP12 interacts with TGF-beta type I recep

107 The immunophilin FKBP12 is an evolutionarily conserved abund

108 The immunophilin FKBP12 is one of the most abundant and cons

109 The data presented demonstrate that the immunophilin FKBP12 is present in retina and specificall

110 ere performed on rat retinal tissue, and the immunophilin FKBP12 was found to be present in retina.

111 Here, we show that the immunophilin FKBP12, the 12-kDa FK506-binding protein (a

112 The immunophilin FKBP12, the phosphatase calcineurin, and Ca

113 omain of TRAF2 and TRAF6 with repeats of the immunophilin FKBP12, we demonstrate that their effector

114 cin, which inhibits mTOR in complex with the immunophilin FKBP12.

115 hydrophobic ligand-binding site in the small immunophilin FKBP12.

116 on requires binding of the antibiotic to the immunophilin FKBP12.

117 the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin to the cellular immunophilin FKBP12.

118 rotein containing regions of homology to the immunophilins FKBP12 and FKBP52.

119 A 12-kDa immunophilin (FKBP12) is an integral component of the sk

120 sive potency and in its interaction with the immunophilin, FKBP12.

121 t encodes a protein similar to the mammalian immunophilin, FKBP12.

122 The effects of the immunophilins, FKBP12 and FKBP12.6, and phosphorylation

123 n of its COOH-terminal domain (CTD) with the immunophilin FKBP13.

124 arises from the formation of a complex with immunophilin FKBP1A.

125 The immunophilin, FKBP20-2, belongs to the FK-506 binding pr

126 In this paper, we report on insect immunophilin FKBP46 and its associated kinase.

127 Moreover, we demonstrate that the insect immunophilin FKBP46 can be phosphorylated by human and S

128 Finally, the Sf9 nuclear immunophilin FKBP46 was identified as a death-associated

129 Over-expression of the FK506-binding immunophilin FKBP51 also causes a generalized state of g

130 ntron boundaries as the structurally related immunophilin FKBP51 gene (FKBP5).

131 Several studies suggest a role for the immunophilin FKBP51 in NF-kappaB activation, but the und

132 We recently reported that the immunophilin FKBP51 is a scaffolding protein that can en

133 cation, while knockdown of FKBP5, coding for immunophilin FKBP51, was associated with increased basel

134 Hsp90 binding immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52 modulate steroid recepto

135 nding of hormone-induced substitution of one immunophilin (FKBP51) for another (FKBP52), and concomit

136 ation revealed two key binding proteins, the immunophilin FKBP52 and the beta1-subunit of L-type volt

137 idence that both hsp90 and the FK506-binding immunophilin FKBP52 play a role in receptor movement fro

138 The immunophilin FKBP52 serves as a cochaperone for steroid

139 Immunophilin FKBP52 serves as a cochaperone to govern no

140 iRNA knockdown of FKBP4 gene, coding for the immunophilin FKBP52, inhibited cortisol-activated GR nuc

141 90-organizing protein Hop, the FK506-binding immunophilins FKBP52 and FKBP51, the cyclosporin A-bindi

142 om DLD-1 human colon cancer cells contain an immunophilin (FKBP52, CyP-40, or PP5) as well as dynein.

143 is now clear that the large molecular weight immunophilins, FKBP52 and FKBP51, play important regulat

144 Immunophilin FKBP59, another member of the signalplex, b

145 Given that the immunophilin FKBP65 does not exhibit LH activity, it is

146 ith a role for HSC/HSP70 similar to that for immunophilins, FKBPs and CyP40.

147 interaction between TRPC6 and the endogenous immunophilin found in HEK cells.

148 east Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nucleolar immunophilin, Fpr3, is phosphorylated at tyrosine and de

149 g pathway in and the purification of several immunophilins from Vicia faba plants.

150 In this study, we investigated three immunophilin genes involved in the Arabidopsis thaliana

151 This immunophilin has unique spatiotemporal expression in the

152 uman FKBP12, a 12 kDa FK506-binding protein (immunophilin), has been characterised.

153 In plants, high-molecular-weight immunophilins have been shown to regulate cell divisions

154 ng support for the inositolphosphate-binding immunophilin having an apparent mass of 12 kD, and it is

155 B virus X-associated protein 2 (XAP2) is an immunophilin homolog and core component of the aryl hydr

156 nal half (amino acids 1-169), containing the immunophilin homology region, similarly reduced PDE4A5 a

157 m has been defined, and it is shown that key immunophilin (IMM) components of the trafficking machine

158 involved in the binding are common for both immunophilin-immunosuppressant complexes, a significant

159 in phosphatase, is the common target for two immunophilin-immunosuppressant complexes, cyclophilin A-

160 ar basis of regulation of CN activity by the immunophilin-immunosuppressant.

161 bility of calmodulin to stimulate binding of immunophilin/immunosuppressant to calcineurin.

162 Studies have identified immunophilins in all organisms examined including bacter

163 s study, we have surveyed the genes encoding immunophilins in Arabidopsis genome.

164 A striking feature of immunophilins in Arabidopsis is that a large fraction of

165 ther family of PPIases that are unrelated to immunophilins in protein sequences and drug binding prop

166 The physiological roles of the immunophilins in regulating steroid receptor function ha

167 of differential roles for FKBP51 and FKBP52 immunophilins in the control of steroid receptor subcell

168 peptide repeat (TPR) proteins (also known as immunophilins) in hormone-free steroid receptor complexe

169 cyclosporin A and FK506, when complexed with immunophilins, inactivate the protein phosphatase calcin

170 Immunophilins, including FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs),

171 n trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum in an immunophilin-independent pathway.

172 However, immunophilin inhibitors suppressed the ability of CrkII-

173 that the PPIase domains of the hsp90-binding immunophilins interact directly with cytoplasmic dynein

174 To evaluate TRPC-immunophilin interactions in vivo, immunoprecipitations

175 atic activity, calcineurin-immunosuppressant/immunophilin interactions, or Ca2+ binding.

176 Taken as a whole, these studies identify immunophilin interchange as the earliest known event in

177 The TWD1/FKBP42 co-chaperone immunophilin is required for exit of ABCB19 from the ER,

178 omerase activity of this membrane-associated immunophilin is strongly inhibited by nanomolar concentr

179 Nevertheless, the physiological function of immunophilins is poorly understood in any organism.

180 he RyR because, to detect the receptor-bound immunophilin, it was necessary to add FKBP12 to the puri

181 similar amounts of cyclophilin A and FKBP12, immunophilins known to be intracellular-binding targets

182 GR reporter gene assays under conditions of immunophilin ligand and dexamethasone treatment that yie

183 scaffolds, and that both the identity of the immunophilin ligand and the linker chemistry affect comp

184 Furthermore, in this model, we show that the immunophilin ligand FK506 but not cyclosporin A prevents

185 de in the development of inhibitors based on immunophilin ligand polyketides, which target the TOR-me

186 Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive immunophilin ligand reported as having neurotrophic acti

187 ons also respond differentially to FK506, an immunophilin ligand with well-established neuroprotectiv

188 The immunophilin ligand, cyclosporine A (CsA), which inhibit

189 present report, a novel nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligand, GPI-1046 (3-(3-pyridyl)-1-propyl (2

190 irst step, we treated L929 cells with select immunophilin ligands [FK506, rapamycin, cyclosporin A (C

191 The immunophilin ligands are neurotrophic in intact animals.

192 We propose that these immunophilin ligands can protect neurons from Ca(2+)-ind

193 specific calcineurin inhibitor, mimicked the immunophilin ligands in its neurotrophic effect.

194 As expected, all four immunophilin ligands increased both the intracellular co

195 Although immunosuppressant immunophilin ligands promote neurite outgrowth in vitro,

196 Neurotrophic potencies of the immunophilin ligands resemble their potencies in binding

197 The immunophilin ligands show particular promise as a novel

198 ep and diurnal rhythm regulation, effects of immunophilin ligands, and cell surface oligosaccharides

199 Agents such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors, immunophilin ligands, and recombinant human erythropoiet

200 ve and regenerative therapies, including the immunophilin ligands, hold promise to reduce the morbidi

201 pressive properties of these clinically used immunophilin ligands, this holds promise for the neuropr

202 Since nonimmunosuppressive immunophilin ligands, which are devoid of calcineurin in

203 et of rapamycin (mTOR) binding region yields immunophilin ligands, WYE-592 and ILS-920, with potent n

204 s FKBP12, in contrast to previously reported immunophilin ligands.

205 tudy reveals a novel functional role for the immunophilin-like component of a soluble receptor comple

206 Mutation of the immunophilin-like FK506-binding protein TWISTED DWARF1 (

207 he 90-kDa heat shock protein (hsp90) and the immunophilin-like hepatitis B X-associated protein 2 (XA

208 tor (AhR) has been shown to interact with an immunophilin-like molecule known as AhR-interacting prot

209 imer of the 90-kDa heat shock protein and an immunophilin-like molecule, ARA9.

210 g protein (AIP) is a ubiquitously expressed, immunophilin-like protein best known for its role as a c

211 In addition, the immunophilin-like protein XAP2 was able to partially pro

212 Here, we show that hsp90.binding immunophilins link p53.hsp90 complexes to dynein and tha

213 These immunophilins link to cytoplasmic dynein indirectly thro

214 The immunophilins link to dynein indirectly via the dynamiti

215 and we show by peptide competition that the immunophilins link via their tetratricopeptide repeat do

216 plasmic shuttling, we analyzed whether these immunophilins modulate NF-kappaB signaling.

217 d the action of bastadin, suggesting that an immunophilin modulates Ry3R in parotid acini.

218 the peptidylprolyl-isomerase activity of the immunophilin nor its association with Hsp90.

219 r heterocomplexes exist depending upon which immunophilin occupies the TPR-binding region of hsp90.

220 Here, we report that an immunophilin of the chloroplast thylakoid lumen is requi

221 Here we show that an immunophilin of the cyclophilin type, CYP38, plays a cri

222 e, we ask if wheat germ lysate also contains immunophilins of the FK506-binding class (FKBPs) that bi

223 ant homologue to show that two hsp90-binding immunophilins of wheat, wFKBP73 and wFKBP77, bind to dyn

224 and so we examined in vivo the influences of immunophilins on hormone-dependent gene activation in th

225 ast mutant strains defective in calcineurin, immunophilins or other genes with the immunosuppressants

226 eterocomplexes that contain hsp90 and either immunophilins or, in the case of protein kinases, p50.

227 novel targets dependent upon calcineurin or immunophilins or, perhaps, specific targets of either Cy

228 nsity to dynamically associate with an Hsp90-immunophilin-p23 complex through its regulatory domain.

229 tively compete with trimeric hHSF1 for Hsp90-immunophilin-p23 complex, counteracting assembly of the

230 of genomic DNA encoding Schistosoma mansoni immunophilin p50 (Smp50) was identified on a 14-kb genom

231 Finally, two immunophilins, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F and

232 in indirectly through the association of the immunophilin peptidylprolyl isomerase (PPIase) domain wi

233 have previously proposed that hsp90 and the immunophilin play a role in receptor trafficking.

234 Although all immunophilins possess peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity

235 These hsp90-binding immunophilins possess the signature peptidylprolyl isome

236 FKBP52 is a high molecular mass immunophilin possessing peptidylprolyl isomerase (PPIase

237 lin A (CyP-A) is a relatively abundant small immunophilin present in the cytoplasm of all mammalian c

238 It is suggested that immunophilins promote the assembly of multiprotein compl

239 tion between the activin receptor R1 and the immunophilin protein FKBP12 can be disrupted by the smal

240 The immunophilin protein FKBP8 interacts with Bcl2/Bcl-XL an

241 ar mass of approximately 52 kDa (FKBP52), an immunophilin protein that interacts with physiological T

242 sociation of Ras with ubiquitously expressed immunophilin proteins such as FKBP12 and cyclophilin A.

243 The protein targeted by the immunophilin-rapamycin complex is a member of a newly de

244 plex of the immunosuppressant rapamycin, its immunophilin receptor Fpr1p and Tor1p or Tor2p results i

245 imus (FK506) bind to unrelated intracellular immunophilin receptors, cyclophilin (CyP) and FK506-bind

246 The present data demonstrate that immunophilins regulate CrkII, but not CrkI activity in T

247 omplexes it is typically bound to one of the immunophilin-related co-chaperones: the peptidylprolyl i

248 is B virus X-associated protein 2 (XAP2), an immunophilin-related protein sharing homologous regions

249 cant implication in clinical applications of immunophilin-related therapeutic drugs.

250 Arabidopsis knock-out mutations in these immunophilins result in an increased susceptibility to P

251 To aid in the detection of the immunophilin's location in the receptor, we exchanged th

252 Phosphorylation of immunophilin-saturated RyR2 resulted in structural and f

253 luster sizes, while phosphorylation, even of immunophilin-saturated RyR2, increased them.

254 two groups of proteins (collectively called immunophilins) share little sequence homology, but both

255 ing each of the TRPC proteins along with the immunophilins showed that TRPC3, -C6, and -C7 interact w

256 Like immunophilins, Shut-down contains an FK506-binding prote

257 C3G) binding to CrkII, whereas inhibitors of immunophilins, such as cyclosporine A (CsA) and FK506, i

258 espectively), as well as high molecular mass immunophilins, such as FKBP59, and the small acidic prot

259 at contain TPR motifs include members of the immunophilin superfamily, organelle-targeting proteins,

260 FKBP52 is a steroid receptor-associated immunophilin that binds via a tetratricopeptide repeat (

261 e chaperones interact with Cyclophilin D, an immunophilin that induces mitochondrial cell death, and

262 FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) is an immunophilin that possesses peptidylprolyl cis/trans-iso

263 FKBP52 is a widely expressed FK506-binding immunophilin that possesses peptidylprolyl isomerase act

264 06-binding protein 12.6/1b (FKBP1b), a small immunophilin that stabilizes RyR-mediated Ca2+ release i

265 y described progesterone receptor-associated immunophilin that, similar to FKBP52 and cyclophilin 40,

266 d animal cells contain high molecular weight immunophilins that bind via tetratricopeptide repeat (TP

267 We report a novel group of dual-family immunophilins that contain both CyP and FKBP domains for

268 FK506-binding proteins (FKBP) are immunophilins that interact with the immunosuppressive d

269 m cells contain one of several hsp90-binding immunophilins that link the complex to cytoplasmic dynei

270 e the fact that they bind to the same set of immunophilins, the FK506 binding proteins (FKBP).

271 These drugs exert their effects via immunophilins, the protein receptors for these agents.

272 The linkage of immunophilins to the dynein motor is indirect by means o

273 ADPH oxidase subunit p67 phox, hsp90-binding immunophilins, transcription factors, the PKR protein ki

274 of p53 or GR heterocomplexes with hsp90 and immunophilins was not affected by PFTalpha either in viv

275 of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) class of immunophilins, was isolated.

276 this study was twofold: to determine whether immunophilins were present in the rat retina and to dete

277 Surprisingly, yeast mutants lacking all 12 immunophilins were viable, and the phenotype of the dode

278 The immunophilin, which can be of the FK506- or cyclosporin

279 Here we report that a novel Drosophila immunophilin, which we have named Zonda, is critically r

280 n this study, we investigated the ability of immunophilins, which function as peptidyl-prolyl isomera

281 eterocomplexes in L cell cytosol contains an immunophilin with high affinity FK506 binding activity,

282 propose that PP5 possesses properties of an immunophilin with low affinity FK506 binding activity an

283 A shows homology to cyclophilins, a class of immunophilins with a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase

284 The association of immunophilins with the TRPC channels in rat brain lysate

285 ociated with FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs); immunophilins, with cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase

286 t belong to a subgroup of proteins, known as immunophilins, with peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (

287 se (PDE4) isoform PDE4A5 interacted with the immunophilin XAP2 in a yeast two-hybrid assay.

288 d inserted in the vicinity of genes encoding immunophilin, zinc finger protein Sma-Zic, and others, a