ライフサイエンスコーパス: indirect effect

1 e acts at least in part via the mediator (an indirect effect).

2 glycolysis pathway components, suggesting an indirect effect.

3 vival of A. maculatum via a density-mediated indirect effect.

4 the uncertainty in estimates of the aerosol indirect effect.

5 nd the joint method for significance test of indirect effect.

6 en for influenza can produce population-wide indirect effects.

7 complex predator-prey dynamics and cascading indirect effects.

8 PCV introduction, likely reflecting vaccine indirect effects.

9 ctions between factors, including direct and indirect effects.

10 ve been proposed to disentangling direct and indirect effects.

11 d that frost had species-specific direct and indirect effects.

12 90% of the contributing genes probably have indirect effects.

13 benefit of rotavirus vaccination, including indirect effects.

14 Associations were decomposed into direct and indirect effects.

15 plex in vivo milieu of factor redundancy and indirect effects.

16 climate, while macroclimate had no direct or indirect effects.

17 ycle costing assessments included direct and indirect effects.

18 ponse, we fit a mediator model and estimated indirect effects.

19 ndividuals will aid understanding of vaccine indirect effects.

20 that naively provide information about only indirect effects.

21 e, suggesting that the intervention produced indirect effects.

22 competitive effects of the species pairs by indirect effects.

23 irth were observed for infection (stochastic indirect effect = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.08) and substanc

24 I: 0.00, 0.08) and substance use (stochastic indirect effect = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06).

25 CI: 0.041, 0.187) and nonfood reinforcement (indirect effect = 0.076, 95% CI: 0.025, 0.156).

26 neral appetite on zWFL were mediated by FRR (indirect effect = 0.100, 95% CI: 0.041, 0.187) and nonfo

27 relation of satiety responsiveness and zWFL (indirect effect = -0.097, 95% CI: -0.204, -0.026).

28 ted increased rates of school noncompletion (indirect effect, -0.018; SE, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.053 to -0.

29 % CI, 0.33 to 2.86) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.87 to -0.08).

30 beneficial treatment and intention to leave (indirect effect: 0.11 [95% CI, 0.06-0.18]).

31 d hit her if she asked him to wear a condom (indirect effect = 1.5 [95% CI -0.3, 3.3]).

32 d hit her if she asked him to wear a condom (indirect effect = 1.5, 95% CI: -0.3, 3.3).

33 on were parental monitoring and involvement (indirect effect = 1.6 [95% CI 0.0, 3.3]) and reporting a

34 on were parental monitoring and involvement (indirect effect = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.0, 3.3) and reporting a

35 icantly mediated the effects of EIPC on QOL (indirect effect, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.33 to 2.86) and depress

36 All mediators jointly explained two-thirds (indirect effect = 2.4 [95% CI 0.2, 4.5]) of the associat

37 All mediators jointly explained two-thirds (indirect effect = 2.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 4.5) of the associat

38 found a significant mediation effect for FA (indirect effect: -2.70; p = 0.03), indicating that DUP e

39 n standard ethanol consumption at 12 months (indirect effect -6.014 [95% CI -13.99, -0.046]).

40 ial, we compare power to estimate direct and indirect effects across various estimators (the Baron an

41 fects have been widely investigated, whereas indirect effects, although documented, elude explicit qu

42 ll depend on understanding the potential for indirect effects among trophic levels and the relationsh

43 tal abruption, to carry out their direct and indirect effect analyses; and in our methods papers and

44 ratios with their 95% confidence intervals, indirect effects and mediation proportions were estimate

45 er, were undetectable, indicating that these indirect effects, and cloud systems in general, are well

46 we estimated natural direct effects, natural indirect effects, and proportions mediated.

47 Indirect effects are expected to be more pronounced in a

48 asily reproducible in models, simulations of indirect effects are far more challenging and difficult

49 Indirect effects are more likely to predominate in neste

50 Aerosol indirect effects are one of the leading contributors to

51 ent with theory, in four of five communities indirect effects are strongest for species showing weak

52 is, assumptions made in inferring direct and indirect effects are then clarified and evaluated in a b

53 The experiments that could extract these indirect effects at regional to continental scales are n

54 training on patient care with a significant indirect effect (b = 3.44, 95% CI, 1.43-5.80).

55 pproach for estimating stochastic direct and indirect effects, because it relies on far fewer assumpt

56 To quantify indirect effects before the 2014 introduction of PCV13 f

57 sivity of the right corona radiata, (maximum indirect effect beta = -0.034 (CI: -0.065 to -0.01), by

58 explained 56% and 40%, respectively, of the indirect effects between cystatin C and PASP.

59 blood pressure explained 14% and 20% of the indirect effects between ESI and LS and e' velocity, res

60 ereas serum aldosterone explained 19% of the indirect effects between ESI and LS.

61 l combined anthropogenic and natural aerosol indirect effect by -0.63 W m(-2) Our observationally con

62 direct effects on NPP and only perhaps have indirect effects by constraining total stand biomass (Mt

63 een-study heterogeneity to estimate temporal indirect effects by pooling of invasive pneumococcal dis

64 ntify the marginal time-dependent direct and indirect effects carried by multiple indirect pathways,

65 o direct cholesterol-AQP4 interactions or to indirect effects caused by cholesterol-induced changes i

66 ts direct effects on histone demethylases or indirect effects caused by the hypoxic induction of the

67 s frequently considered is the potential for indirect effects caused through enabling athletes to pus

68 and inflammation-driven amyloidosis (30-35% indirect effect contribution).

69 The contribution of indirect effects differs among types of mutualism.

70 dators, parasites can cause density-mediated indirect effects (DMIEs) through their consumptive effec

71 At the ecosystem level, indirect effects (e.g. increased leaf area index, soil w

72 adjusted odds ratio (aORDE) was 1.7 and the indirect effect estimate (aORIE) was 1.4.

73 s good performance in mediator selection and indirect effect estimation.

74 benthic detritivores, bivalves), and strong indirect effects expected on some demersal fish, sharks,

75 When we compared the specific mediators' indirect effects, face-saving was a more powerful mediat

76 Coevolutionary pathways of indirect effects favour ongoing trait evolution by promo

77 tors and GPCRs in general include direct and indirect effects (Fig.

78 The overall indirect effect for both mediators was statistically sig

79 The largest indirect effects for the association between violence an

80 The long-term, landscape-scale indirect effects from agriculture suggest its full ecolo

81 Indirect effects from IR exposure generate reactive oxyg

82 o study alpha-cells with and without various indirect effects from other islet cells.

83 suggest observed benefits are largely due to indirect effects from pediatric PCV13 use rather than di

84 st that observed benefits are largely due to indirect effects from pediatric PCV13 use rather than di

85 oned into direct effects from core genes and indirect effects from peripheral genes acting in trans.

86 This is due to a combination of direct and indirect effects generally referred to as the energy eff

87 Link weight and/or indirect effects had stronger effects on food-web stabil

88 ic rotavirus vaccination, including possible indirect effects, has not been assessed in low-resource

89 ystems may respond to global climate change, indirect effects have been largely overlooked.

90 Data on pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) indirect effects in low-income countries with high human

91 unlikely to make a major contribution to RV1 indirect effects in Malawi.

92 findings support the importance of including indirect effects in modelling species distributions in r

93 Indirect effects included a trophic cascade in which per

94 tance of droplet size dispersion for aerosol indirect effects: increasing aerosol concentration chang

95 s of CMV infection are compounded by adverse indirect effects induced by the multiple immunomodulator

96 progenitor cells (OPCs), in addition to OPC-indirect effects involving enhanced astrocyte expression

97 The combination of these direct and indirect effects is complex and can have important biolo

98 ing tES are small, whereas the likelihood of indirect effects is large.

99 e form of widespread injury or mortality and indirect effects manifesting as changes in food web stru

100 , if wildflower species escape gardens these indirect effects may be compounded with direct ones.

101 nant direct effect, accompanied by a smaller indirect effect mediated by a successional shift to incr

102 ndex and HRQoL and to precisely quantify the indirect effects mediated by obesity-related comorbiditi

103 confidence interval: -0.12, -0.02) than the indirect effects mediated through later poverty at age 7

104 t of poverty at age <7 years into direct and indirect effects mediated through poverty and schooling/

105 whether observed associations were direct or indirect effects mediated through the offspring's own ov

106 cular composite and all-cause mortality into indirect effects (mediated by percentage change in eGFR)

107 ds attacking B. dracunculifoliae, as well as indirect effects (mediated via a third species or throug

108 Direct and indirect effects Microcystis blooms may have on the Delt

109 roduction, we show both direct (infants) and indirect effects (mothers) of the vaccine, while NVT rep

110 ct models, which parameterize the direct and indirect effect of a baseline exposure with respect to a

111 s on axon excitability, which may reflect an indirect effect of abnormal calcium current fluxes durin

112 eoclasts, but not osteoblasts, suggesting an indirect effect of c-Kit on bone formation.

113 Mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of cortical thickness on BMI mediated by

114 sed risk of smoking/drinking behaviors by an indirect effect of depression.

115 The indirect effect of EAP on functional outcome was signifi

116 There was an indirect effect of early intervention on middle childhoo

117 An indirect effect of GTF2I genotype on the warmth facet of

118 Path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of IL18 risk haplotype on symptoms of de

119 Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of implicit racial bias on proprioceptiv

120 Overall, this study demonstrates that the indirect effect of increasing water limitation strongly

121 The indirect effect of knee SxOA on all-cause mortality thro

122 ffected in mutants, which may be a direct or indirect effect of loss of Numb.

123 This association was primarily driven by the indirect effect of M. marshalli on ewe body condition.

124 e increased HS risk could be explained by an indirect effect of mechanical heart valve insertion, atr

125 obesity on periodontitis was higher than the indirect effect of obesity on periodontitis through dent

126 Indirect effect of obesity-mediated through poor dental

127 There was a significant indirect effect of peer problems on adolescent depressio

128 Mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of PTSD on cortical thickness via SKA2 m

129 (11)C-Me-NB1-specific binding, indicating an indirect effect of Sigma1R on (11)C-Me-NB1 binding.

130 We also explain the indirect effect of solvent ion concentration on FXIII-A

131 ratios for total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect of the intervention on the cardiovascula

132 the loss of viability in such mutants was an indirect effect of the repression of nonhomologous end j

133 kinases for genome integrity was largely an indirect effect of their roles in checkpoints, DNA repli

134 more than 10 A away from the active site, an indirect effect of this amino acid exchange on the catal

135 eater depressive symptoms, and a significant indirect effect of threat exposure on depressive symptom

136 sidents will also be followed to measure the indirect effect of Vi-TCV in this community.

137 experimental approach to decouple direct and indirect effects of actomyosin-generated forces, nuclear

138 ediation analysis is to study the direct and indirect effects of an exposure on an outcome.

139 er, these results will aid in predicting the indirect effects of anthropogenic wildlife declines and

140 over the 20 proteinogenic amino acids (1) , indirect effects of BAR-containing transgenes in planta,

141 esian networks, which enables the direct and indirect effects of biotic interactions to be modelled a

142 Many investigations have described indirect effects of calcium signaling on CFTR or other c

143 ly-immunosuppressed individuals benefit from indirect effects of childhood vaccination with pneumococ

144 che differences, and quantify the direct and indirect effects of climate change on each species.

145 results underscore the value of considering indirect effects of climate change on vegetation when as

146 he same database to partition the direct and indirect effects of climate on NPP, using three approach

147 bee abundances were driven primarily by the indirect effects of climate on the temporal distribution

148 ping regions, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of climate, soil properties, carbon (C)

149 udies make no distinction between direct and indirect effects of climate, which substantially hinders

150 ents and offer the potential to suppress the indirect effects of CMV infection.

151 uating overall outcomes, direct and putative indirect effects of CMV, possible impact of viremia and

152 methodologies were not developed to evaluate indirect effects of contaminants, and modernized approac

153 unique sample, suggest that, to mitigate the indirect effects of COVID-19, lapses in medical care and

154 Even fewer examine indirect effects of diarrhoeal morbidity on child mortal

155 er temperatures on beetle life cycles versus indirect effects of drought on host susceptibility.

156 In this study, we assessed the indirect effects of ecosystem engineering by a wood-bori

157 levated CO2 The simulations suggest that the indirect effects of elevated CO2 on net primary producti

158 systems and climatic conditions maximize the indirect effects of elevated CO2 The simulations suggest

159 Theory predicts that strong indirect effects of environmental change will impact com

160 We identify direct and indirect effects of eutrophication proxies on genetic st

161 Our results suggest that the indirect effects of fire, in addition to the direct emis

162 However, the indirect effects of frost mediated through changes in pl

163 examined the direct and pollinator-mediated indirect effects of frost on three wildflower species in

164 d mitigation measures) as well as direct and indirect effects of fungicides on microorganisms, macrop

165 of local taxa, to investigate the direct and indirect effects of future pH on biomass and fisheries r

166 These changes are indirect effects of g(m) caused by the assumed strong co

167 Several indirect effects of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism,

168 is crucial that we more fully understand the indirect effects of GPCR-targeted drugs on the cancer ph

169 lation declines due to direct persecution or indirect effects of human activities.

170 Instead, indirect effects of hybridization like waste of reproduc

171 ects on plant physiology, but there are also indirect effects of increased water limitation because e

172 The top-down and indirect effects of insects on plant communities depend

173 s lead to the intersection of the direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation.

174 rayed households, suggesting both direct and indirect effects of IRS.

175 (i.e. suppressive, due e.g., to competition) indirect effects of LMH on consumer abundance in more pr

176 Indirect effects of LMH on the behaviour of these consum

177 We further examined the indirect effects of maternal metal concentrations on inf

178 These direct and indirect effects of moisture indicate that future change

179 ties on WAB-AQ (P > 0.05); (iii) significant indirect effects of more severe periventricular white ma

180 These results show that density-mediated indirect effects of novel parasites can be positive, not

181 Using volcanic CO2 vents, we tested the indirect effects of ocean acidification on a calcifying

182 Yet, the indirect effects of ocean acidification on calcifying or

183 rth, because secondary mortality effects and indirect effects of parasites can be very important, we

184 imed to estimate the magnitude and timing of indirect effects of PCVs on invasive pneumococcal diseas

185 We hypothesized that there would be indirect effects of peer problems on adolescent depressi

186 on did not respond to OA, potentially due to indirect effects of photosynthesis.

187 a field experiment we tested the direct and indirect effects of reducing the abundance of a common s

188 wever, while ecologists have mostly explored indirect effects of rising ambient temperatures on tempe

189 of rotavirus vaccine virus may contribute to indirect effects of rotavirus vaccine, but data are lack

190 sphorus (P) content itself as well as to the indirect effects of soil P on the microbial niches shape

191 g and to discriminate between the direct and indirect effects of soil warming on microbial communitie

192 WGD, phenotypic changes, and the direct and indirect effects of species interactions.

193 Indirect effects of systems thinking are consistently st

194 rformed mediation analysis to understand the indirect effects of systolic blood pressure and serum al

195 To disentangle the direct and indirect effects of temperature on ecosystem properties,

196 y, we experimentally resolved the direct and indirect effects of temperature on the response of growt

197 a time series that captures both direct and indirect effects of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH

198 Here, we report that indirect effects of the helix sequence on RNA tertiary s

199 s this relationship partially via direct and indirect effects of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha

200 omission experiments demonstrated direct and indirect effects of the individual compounds on the arom

201 Mediation analysis tested for indirect effects of the lifestyle factors on cognition v

202 , for the first time, to specific direct and indirect effects of the lipids, as well as the receptor

203 h associated with AVM is caused by direct or indirect effects of the MAP2K1 mutation (i.e., cell-auto

204 estimate total, natural direct, and natural indirect effects of the prepregnancy Mediterranean diet

205 ervation and management policy considers the indirect effects of these activities in order to increas

206 this species to isolate potential direct and indirect effects of these factors.

207 We explored indirect effects of tree species diversity on herbivory

208 The indirect effects of warming on VOC emissions were signif

209 e cumulative loss of sagebrush to direct and indirect effects of wildfire has contributed strongly to

210 ntries should assess the overall (direct and indirect) effects of the pandemic on excess mortality.

211 ffect (beta = 0.089; P < .001) as well as an indirect effect on adherence mediated by medications con

212 erved in cancer cells Amiodarone also has an indirect effect on angiogensis, a key factor in the tumo

213 We found the rainfall had the indirect effect on dengue fever occurrence in both areas

214 ate vaccines (PCVs) in children has a strong indirect effect on disease rates in adults.

215 us (beta = 0.044; P = 0.07), and also had an indirect effect on gingival bleeding (beta = 0.011; P =

216 disease, but could also have an additional, indirect effect on HIV transmission.

217 a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, suggesting an indirect effect on neurons.

218 t this inhibition may be mediated through an indirect effect on NFkappaB activation.

219 to the clinical environment and may have an indirect effect on patient care through better team lead

220 Palmitoylation of SP-C had an indirect effect on the extent of protein-lipid perturbat

221 in the context of HIV infection may cause an indirect effect on the phosphorylation levels of essenti

222 in the context of HIV infection may cause an indirect effect on the phosphorylation levels of essenti

223 fixation effect on tree growth, and (ii) an indirect effect on the successional sequence of non-fixi

224 lthough vitamin D had modest but significant indirect effects on asthma severity, its total effect wa

225 xygen species and suppressed senescence, and indirect effects on BM endothelial cells, in which treat

226 the endoderm or NC mesenchyme had direct and indirect effects on both cell types during fate specific

227 CD also had indirect effects on both systolic and diastolic BP via B

228 that glucosinolates may have both direct and indirect effects on dodder-feeding herbivores.

229 role in K(+) conservation through direct and indirect effects on ENaC, distal nephron K(+) channels,

230 uel dryness) could be counterbalanced by the indirect effects on fuel structure (e.g. warmer conditio

231 changes in primary production have direct or indirect effects on higher trophic levels, from zooplank

232 of the mammillothalamic tract had widespread indirect effects on hippocampocortical oscillatory activ

233 n chromosome 21 and they can have direct and indirect effects on homeostasis in cells, tissues, organ

234 secreted in breast milk that have direct and indirect effects on immunity.

235 fects on gene expression but had significant indirect effects on important genes involved in both ret

236 We evaluated PCV13 indirect effects on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)

237 We predicted direct and indirect effects on key traits of the tadpole host (rate

238 rage, school absenteeism, and community-wide indirect effects on laboratory-confirmed influenza hospi

239 thropogenic disturbances can have direct and indirect effects on marine communities, with direct effe

240 Species have strong indirect effects on others, and predicting these effects

241 l health of the vagina due to its direct and indirect effects on pathogens and host defence.

242 ns of specific effects, including direct and indirect effects on performance and behavior, and dynami

243 loss from plant surfaces and has direct and indirect effects on photosynthesis.

244 reaks alter forest structure with direct and indirect effects on plants and animals in forest ecosyst

245 ent on productivity, including its potential indirect effects on productivity via changes in species

246 ease in democratic experience had direct and indirect effects on reducing mortality from cardiovascul

247 f increased direct tumor cell killing versus indirect effects on stroma including endothelial cells.

248 were distal to CYP3A active site, suggesting indirect effects on the catalytic activity.

249 tations destabilize IL-11Ralpha and may have indirect effects on the cytokine-binding region.

250 metallic dendrite growth via the dendrites' indirect effects on the surrounding electrolyte, allowin

251 megaherbivores also exert an array of strong indirect effects on their communities.

252 ve both direct health outcomes on adults and indirect effects on their offspring.

253 ect effects of ppGpp on RNAP rather than for indirect effects on transcription resulting from starvat

254 s in a contact-dependent manner or may exert indirect effects on tumor cells via secretion of cytokin

255 nced crop fertilization may have unforeseen, indirect, effects on crop susceptibility to pests, such

256 aviour or demography, through plant-mediated indirect effects, or by modifying interactions among spe

257 f the association between EPO and mortality (indirect effect P < 0.05 for all analyses).

258 about the relative importance of direct and indirect effects, particularly for species important to

259 ted interaction effect (INTmed), or the pure indirect effect (PIE)) were also not significant.

260 Aerosol-cloud interactions (aerosol indirect effects) play an important role in regional met

261 This result shows that trophic indirect effects propagate across networks and habitats

262 Both direct and indirect effects result in large geographic differences

263 view the formulas for the natural direct and indirect effects' risk ratios introduced by Ananth and V

264 tween-trial heterogeneity between direct and indirect effects, so we only present pooled estmates on

265 for the accumulation of PSI, but this is an indirect effect stemming from the downregulation of ligh

266 -related amygdala reactivity and, through an indirect effect, stress-related symptoms of depression a

267 In contrast to indirect effects such as channel regulation by SMIT-tran

268 Indirect effects tended to be considerably larger in wat

269 destabilize food webs, leading to cascading indirect effects that dramatically reorganize community

270 risk ratio equations for natural direct and indirect effects that truly pertain to a log-binomial mo

271 re was evidence of statistically significant indirect effects: The DID in the incidence of influenza

272 ptional target of p53 or whether this was an indirect effect through additional regulatory factors.

273 cts of climate on species, there can also be indirect effects through an intermediary species, such a

274 Indirect effects through cloud formation and precipitati

275 butterfly (Parnassius smintheus) because of indirect effects through its host plant (Sedum sp.).

276 d not indicate any statistically significant indirect effects through placental metal concentrations.

277 model, which stated that peer problems have indirect effects through subcortical volumetric alterati

278 re and soil moisture into direct effects and indirect effects through vegetation composition and biom

279 effect of an exposure on an outcome into the indirect effect, through a given mediator, and the remai

280 heir consumptive effects, and trait-mediated indirect effects (TMIEs) through their nonconsumptive ef

281 cancer (independent of BMI), and a positive indirect effect via BMI.

282 important mediator of this association, with indirect effects via cognitive reserve contributing 21%

283 on that could be biological or could reflect indirect effects via the consequences on time spent indo

284 H may directly affect microglia, or may have indirect effects via the periphery or other CNS cells.

285 , 95% CI 1.39-4.58) and the obesity-mediated indirect effect was 18% of the total risk (aOR 1.18, 95%

286 (HR 0.60; 95%CI 0.37-0.97; P=0.04) while the indirect effect was not (P=0.30).

287 The sum of the 5 indirect effects was B = -0.001 (95% CI, -0.02 -0.01); P

288 To disentangle these direct and indirect effects, we planted PSR-deficient Arabidopsis m

289 power calculations for estimating direct and indirect effects, we present a tutorial demonstrating ho

290 To test for direct and indirect effects, we used the simulations of climate cha

291 in HC and D3R in CUD participants, and these indirect effects were different between groups.

292 r the total effect and stochastic direct and indirect effects were estimated using targeted maximum l

293 formed with structural equation modeling and indirect effects were evaluated with bootstrapping.

294 No indirect effects were measured.

295 Indirect effects were not detected.

296 In contrast, positive (facilitative) indirect effects were not significantly correlated with

297 Indirect effects were robust to alternative model specif

298 do not allow efficient identification of the indirect effects when mutual influences exist among the

299 role of parasites, we must understand their indirect effects, which differ in important ways from th

300 econstructed the total treatment effect into indirect effects, which were mediated by brain atrophy,