ライフサイエンスコーパス: inner retina

1 gether with the expected vasculopathy in the inner retina.

2 e does not function as a photopigment in the inner retina.

3 ult in remodeling and deafferentation of the inner retina.

4 nal source of chromophore located within the inner retina.

5 eir connections into laminar circuits in the inner retina.

6 on the other hand, were only detected in the inner retina.

7 was detected in a subset of cells within the inner retina.

8 macrine cells shapes visual signaling in the inner retina.

9 changes occurred progressively from outer to inner retina.

10 etinal space, and no cells migrated into the inner retina.

11 photoreceptors, RPE, and capillaries of the inner retina.

12 aptic neuronal signaling by glutamate in the inner retina.

13 actions of acetylcholine-glycine-GABA in the inner retina.

14 intensity in the outer retina but not in the inner retina.

15 e driven by increased neural activity in the inner retina.

16 identify bipolar cell axon terminals in the inner retina.

17 r differential motion adaptation lies in the inner retina.

18 ed by dim illumination from the outer to the inner retina.

19 th that was initially more pronounced in the inner retina.

20 croglial/phagocytic cell marker (ED1) in the inner retina.

21 n cells to process visual information in the inner retina.

22 tions was significantly greater than that of inner retina.

23 ips in synaptic wiring between the outer and inner retina.

24 t of an inhibitory surround mechanism in the inner retina.

25 rine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of the inner retina.

26 vascular changes led to major disruption of inner retina.

27 ion cells (NF positive) were observed in the inner retina.

28 ls emerge, extending their neurites into the inner retina.

29 ic cells and necrotic cells were seen in the inner retina.

30 rM) layers within lesions, but an unaffected inner retina.

31 uctural differences of the photoreceptors or inner retina.

32 if cone type selective circuitry existed in inner retina.

33 ient light responses that predominate in the inner retina.

34 lion cells and motion-related signals in the inner retina.

35 in the 'ON' or 'OFF' synaptic layers of the inner retina.

36 ese as microglial cells originating from the inner retina.

37 ibution from GABAergic amacrine cells of the inner retina.

38 ccurs before ribbon synapse formation in the inner retina.

39 the photoreceptors that was derived from the inner retina.

40 d dendritic stratification of neurons in the inner retina.

41 an photoreception have been localized to the inner retina.

42 napses with two postsynaptic elements in the inner retina.

43 t the bipolar cell synaptic terminals in the inner retina.

44 icipation in both OFF and ON pathways in the inner retina.

45 roteins in similar but distinct areas of the inner retina.

46 n, only AAV2/2 and lenti-VSVG transduced the inner retina.

47 o an age-dependent expression pattern in the inner retina.

48 ocalized to vascular and neural cells of the inner retina.

49 eptors in adult rabbits while preserving the inner retina.

50 that is expressed in cells of the mammalian inner retina.

51 ulogenesis, AI was most prominent within the inner retina.

52 ormation that is thought to originate in the inner retina.

53 eurites and form synaptic connections in the inner retina.

54 enesis was complete, AI decreased within the inner retina.

55 ossibly very low levels in cell types of the inner retina.

56 na and, progressively, death of cells in the inner retina.

57 loss of cones and progressive atrophy of the inner retina.

58 trongly shaped by electrical coupling in the inner retina.

59 found in amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina.

60 ltured cells and intact blood vessels in the inner retina.

61 g sites are distributed predominantly to the inner retina.

62 diabetic patients, presumably located in the inner retina.

63 fluence visual information processing in the inner retina.

64 ated with the morphological expansion of the inner retina.

65 al injections of ouabain, which destroys the inner retina.

66 use ribbon synapses to communicate with the inner retina.

67 ted predominant RCBTB1 localization in human inner retina.

68 ity to metabolic and oxidative injury in the inner retina.

69 hown, in discrete retinal neurons within the inner retina.

70 ically regulate metabolic homeostasis in the inner retina.

71 because oxygen consumption decreases in the inner retina.

72 ld can control the routing of signals in the inner retina.

73 bipolar cells transmit these signals to the inner retina.

74 rmed by in vitro electroretinograms from the inner retina.

75 of autoantibodies that label neurons in the inner retina.

76 foveal lesion and thinning of the parafoveal inner retina.

77 otherwise molecularly similar neurons in the inner retina.

78 numbers or altered synaptic structure in the inner retina.

79 t carry visual signals from the outer to the inner retina.

80 itical period for synaptic refinement in the inner retina.

81 on of Vegf in photoreceptors and Gfap in the inner retina.

82 , 18.59 (12.89); outer retina, 16.64 (6.96); inner retina, 0.95 (1.58); and Haller layer, 0.73 (0.87)

83 rons with synapses almost exclusively in the inner retina [2].

84 lanopsin, found in the neurons of vertebrate inner retina, absorbs blue light and triggers the "biolo

85 the OPs were eliminated, either by blocking inner retina activity or by blocking the On-pathway.

86 Exogenously added IL-6 protects the inner retina after I/R injury.

87 sed to examine GFP expression in the macaque inner retina after intravitreal injection of AAV vectors

88 pical of apoptosis were also observed in the inner retina after ischemia.

89 elB activity and pathological changes to the inner retina after optic nerve ligation.

90 d appearance of TUNEL-positive nuclei in the inner retinas after intravitreal NMDA injection.

91 amino butyric acid) receptor blockers in the inner retina also evoked pericyte constriction.

92 The mammalian inner retina also expresses the potential blue light pho

93 There appeared to be few changes in the inner retina, although BETA2/NeuroD1 is expressed in thi

94 ls); the second was composed of cells of the inner retina (amacrines and perhaps ganglion cells).

95 enhanced mitochondrial ROS production in the inner retina, an effect blocked by 5-HD.

96 ility of Ocm to bind to its receptors in the inner retina and augmented inflammation-induced regenera

97 3cIMH), which are expressed in the zebrafish inner retina and brain, respectively.

98 Sema6A expression increases in avascular inner retina and colocalizes with Nrf2 in human fetal ey

99 localized to inner Muller cell processes in inner retina and decreased after vasculogenesis was comp

100 expands the number of visual channels in the inner retina and enhances the computational power and fe

101 ive mice developed glial infiltration of the inner retina and had significantly less oxygen-induced r

102 or feedback regulation of rhodopsin from the inner retina and illustrate the involvement of dopamine

103 CF immunoreactivity was also confined to the inner retina and increased significantly between 7 and 1

104 insights into tissue oxygen transport in the inner retina and optic nerve head through the regulated

105 Full-thickness measurements and inner retina and outer retina thickness and volume measu

106 ons combined with smaller contributions from inner retina and photoreceptors.

107 his stage, microglia translocate back to the inner retina and reacquire a quiescent morphology.

108 Sema4A is expressed in the inner retina and RPE during the time at which photorecep

109 - and active caspase 3-positive cells in the inner retina and significant loss of cells in the gangli

110 Its localization to glial cells of the inner retina and the anterior optic nerve suggests a rel

111 photoreceptors to third-order neurons in the inner retina and the brain.

112 outer retina to higher-order neurons in the inner retina and the brain.

113 The photoreceptors lie between the inner retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).

114 ted with thinning of the temporal perifoveal inner retina and thickening of the inner fovea.

115 Significant thickening of the inner retina and thinning of the outer retina were also

116 retina showed loss of ONL, thickening of the inner retina, and demelanization of RPE.

117 rafted into the host retina, migrated to the inner retina, and extended processes.

118 n a subpopulation of neurons situated in the inner retina, and in vitreous hyalocytes.

119 despread integration of donor cells into the inner retina, and recipient mice showed improved light-m

120 study cell function and connectivity in the inner retina, antibodies that differentially stain one c

121 Conclusions and Relevance: The inner retina appears not to be involved in hydroxychloro

122 In the inner retina, application of both AMPA/KA and NMDA antag

123 uggests that early functional changes of the inner retina are evident in diabetic patients before imp

124 traction mechanisms causing tautness of the inner retina are identified and relieved.

125 and after photoreceptor loss, neurons of the inner retina are known to undergo plastic changes.

126 l cell groups in both native and regenerated inner retina are likely to be spatially distributed inde

127 The blood vessels that supply the inner retina are located in front of the photoreceptor l

128 Lateral interactions in the inner retina are mediated by amacrine cells, which are t

129 The only cholinergic cells of the mature inner retina are the so-called starburst amacrine cells

130 ter and transmit photoreceptor output to the inner retina, are among the first cells affected by diab

131 eful to prevent neuronal degeneration in the inner retina as a result of ischemic injury.

132 quency of digital signals transmitted to the inner retina as well as the strength of graded signals.

133 e form of bursting activity generated in the inner retina, as a result of circuit reorganization or r

134 ocular tissues and microdissected outer and inner retinas, as well as from the culture media of thes

135 ppaB p65 positive cells were detected in the inner retina at 12 h after ischemia.

136 ming small clumps of cells restricted to the inner retina at embryonic day 16.5.

137 on synapses, which are first observed in the inner retina at P11 in mouse and P13 in rat.

138 sporter immunoreactivity was observed in the inner retina at postnatal day 0 (P0).

139 abolism allows choroidal oxygen to reach the inner retina, attenuating the retinal circulation in thi

140 t be predictive of transduction in the human inner retina, because of differences in eye size and the

141 m1-CKO) mice and become mispositioned in the inner retina before birth, redirecting their dendrites i

142 elevated IOP alters neuronal function in the inner retina before irreversible structural damage occur

143 RPE by day 3 after infection (PI) and in the inner retina beginning at day 5 PI.

144 rts an intact retinal pigment epithelium and inner retina but an abnormal photoreceptor outer segment

145 sGC was present at high levels in inner retina but barely detectable in outer retina.

146 VAD.CMK was also effective in preserving the inner retina but had no significant effect when administ

147 try showed deposition of HP in the avascular inner retina but not in areas underlying preretinal neov

148 s may be associated with dysfunctions in the inner retina, but detailed cellular and synaptic mechani

149 in synaptic and vascular development in the inner retina, but is unlikely to play a major role in no

150 O2 by allowing choroidal oxygen to reach the inner retina, but its effectiveness may be limited by da

151 aining for HIF-1alpha throughout the hypoxic inner retina, but not in the normoxic outer retina.

152 g for pCREB, pERK, and c-fos in cells of the inner retina, but not photoreceptors.

153 ic inhibition shapes visual signaling in the inner retina, but the physiology of most amacrine cells,

154 ed that LXA4 and LXB4 are synthesized in the inner retina, but their levels are reduced following inj

155 death of capillary cells and neurons in the inner retina by a process consistent with apoptosis.

156 nt parameter for effective activation of the inner retina by epiretinal stimulation.

157 ession was in the outer retina by P3 and the inner retina by P5.

158 UT1 was in the outer retina by P5-P7 and the inner retina by P7.

159 n rat and mouse retina, VGAT occurred in the inner retina by postnatal day 1 (P1).

160 The blood vessels that nourish the inner retina cast shadows on photoreceptors, creating "a

161 erse class of inhibitory interneurons in the inner retina, collect input and distribute output within

162 Peak adenosine levels in the inner retina correlated temporally with active vasculoge

163 with hyperreflective borders located in the inner retina corresponding to the cavernous retinal hema

164 and inflammation surrounding vessels of the inner retina could potentially impact optical coherence

165 of PFO and in none of perfluorodecalin eyes; inner retina cystic alterations were found in 58.3% of P

166 nd is characterized by cystic lesions of the inner retina, decreased visual acuity and contrast sensi

167 d mice has no effect, demonstrating that the inner retina does not require the visual cycle.

168 initial sorting of cells from the outer and inner retina during early development.

169 the extent of inhibitory transmission at the inner retina during light-evoked signal processing.

170 and adenosine were examined in neonatal dog inner retina during normal vasculogenesis and oxygen-ind

171 morphological and functional changes in the inner retina during the course of photoreceptor degenera

172 and release are initially established in the inner retina during the first postnatal week and that th

173 aphy demonstrated a reduced rod response and inner retina dysfunction.

174 Blocking lateral inhibition in the inner retina eliminates the preference of small-center g

175 ere localized to photoreceptors, whereas the inner retina expressed all four isoforms.

176 e transplanted mBPCs incorporated within the inner retina expressed the neuronal markers microtubule

177 These ipRGCs reside in the inner retina, far removed from the pigment epithelium, w

178 CT) features developing within the posterior inner retina following incremental reductions in arterio

179 Positive immunostaining was observed in the inner retina for MCP-1 and RANTES of the patient with di

180 ocytes migrate from the optic nerve into the inner retina, forming a template upon which retinal vess

181 Stability of the inner retina found in these mutants 2 months after PR de

182 me of which coexpressed CD39, existed in the inner retina from 7 to 12 WG.

183 Results indicate that inner retina function in DBA/2J mice progressively decre

184 lts map out the basic circuitry by which the inner retina generates sustained visual signals and desc

185 mand associated with the "dark current." The inner retina had higher MEMRI activity in light compared

186 exclusive excitatory drive to the mammalian inner retina has been challenged: new studies indicate t

187 Neuronal plasticity of the inner retina has been observed in response to photorecep

188 In the inner retina, horizontal and bipolar cells were the earl

189 through infected Muller cells and within the inner retina horizontally through infected horizontal ce

190 he change in oxygen tension along the entire inner retina (i.e., from superior ora serrata to inferio

191 antly increased apoptosis and atrophy of the inner retina in areas of ischemia.

192 croscopy showed weak immunoreactivity in the inner retina in both the mouse and monkey.

193 the progression of functional changes in the inner retina in DBA/2J mice.

194 lower central foveal thickness, and thinner inner retina in eyes of black subjects compared to their

195 cGMP-like immunoreactivity (cGMP-LI) in the inner retina in response to muscarinic (but not nicotini

196 poxic Muller cells in vitro and the ischemic inner retina in vivo.

197 nstrated that AMPARs cycle in neurons of the inner retina, including amacrine and ganglion cells, and

198 al pigment epithelial cells and cells in the inner retina, including Muller, amacrine, and retinal ga

199 way primarily affects the oxygenation of the inner retina involved in signal processing and transduct

200 lion cell and inner plexiform layer [GCIPL], inner retina [IR], outer retina [OR], and total macular

201 sting that cellular pattern formation in the inner retina is dominated by local anticlustering mechan

202 at up to 1 year of age, a time at which the inner retina is known to have severely reorganized and p

203 In humans, the inner retina is oxygenated via the retinal circulation.

204 trongly suggesting that retinoschisin in the inner retina is synthesized locally rather than being tr

205 ibition at the second synaptic level (in the inner retina) is thought to mediate more complex respons

206 and selective leukocyte infiltration in the inner retina, leading to retinal damage primarily locali

207 (photopic) lights, whereas mechanisms in the inner retina limit sensitivity in dim (scotopic) lights.

208 f the outer nuclear layer, remodeling of the inner retina, loss of retinal vasculature, and regional

209 gene products were generally detected in the inner retina, low levels of neuroligin 1 mRNA were also

210 0.05) but opposite pattern was noted in the inner retina (<50% depth).

211 esults from the accumulation of fluid in the inner retina [macular edema (ME)].

212 is attributable to effects occurring in the inner retina, mainly on rod signals.

213 ectopic expression of human rhodopsin in the inner retina, mediated by viral gene therapy, can restor

214 raised is that the changes occurring in the inner retina might compromise attempts to rescue or rest

215 rtifacts, including misidentification of the inner retina, misidentification of the outer retina, out

216 yes were significantly increased, and normal inner retina morphology was preserved.

217 Spectral domain EDI-OCT revealed normal inner retina (n = 15) and normal outer retina (n = 14).

218 = 4), or brown (n = 1); were located in the inner retina (n = 6) or full-thickness retina (n = 1); a

219 tested the hypothesis that the apoptosis of inner retina neurons and increased expression of glial f

220 The effect was most pronounced in the inner retina neurons and resulted in functional deficits

221 reporter expression in restricted subsets of inner retina neurons.

222 Some of these persistent cells in the inner retina notably included rod photoreceptors that no

223 Abnormal thickening of the inner retina occurred with increasing loss of photorecep

224 Transplants can develop good fusion with the inner retina of a photoreceptor-deficient recipient.

225 GABA expression was reduced in the inner retina of aged CCL2(-/-)CX3CR1(GFP/GFP) mice.

226 The accumulation of GABA in the inner retina of diabetic rats, combined with the results

227 peptides influence neuronal activity in the inner retina of mammals.

228 In the inner retina of mutant mice, although cells appear anato

229 on synapse marker RIBEYE was not detected in inner retina of P5 or P7 rat.

230 sulted in high-level expression of K5 in the inner retina of rats during the 4 weeks they were analyz

231 ues were applied to cellular patterns in the inner retina of the adult zebrafish.

232 TUNEL staining of the inner retina of the mouse was most prominent 24 hours su

233 that electrical coupling is extensive in the inner retina of the mouse, suggesting 0

234 hesis that cellular pattern formation in the inner retina of zebrafish is dominated by a set of antic

235 generate these sustained channels within the inner retina of zebrafish.

236 nstrated that angioblasts are present in the inner retinas of human embryos and fetuses and that they

237 An intense CD105 signal was found in the inner retinas of vldlr(-/-) mice starting at postnatal d

238 hosphorylated CREB1 and ATF1 and labeled the inner retina only in normal dogs.

239 In no case was there disturbance of the inner retina or subretinal fluid.

240 hen very low stimulus energies affecting the inner retina, or very high stimulus energies were used.

241 ystallins were localized particularly to the inner retina, outer plexiform layer, and the photorecept

242 MEMRI detected contrasts among the inner retina, outer retina, and choroid.

243 VEs: (1) hyperreflective dots in superficial inner retina (P = .002); (2) the outpouching of internal

244 re scattered TUNEL-positive cells within the inner retina, peaking at 24 to 48 hours and persisting f

245 The main function of the inner-retina photoreceptors is to generate and transmit

246 system, a strychnine-sensitive system in the inner retina plays an obligatory and developmentally reg

247 were repeatable, and variations in outer and inner retina PO2 at different locations along the image

248 Mean inner retina PO2 correlated with maximum outer retinal P

249 MP pathway modulates the neural circuitry in inner retina, preferentially within the cone pathway.

250 However, the electrical responses of the inner retina remain unchanged until P(a)O(2) is below 40

251 r CAI treatment the normal morphology of the inner retina remained intact.

252 ved, implicating them in axonal regrowth and inner retina remodeling after injury.

253 progressive rod-cone degeneration and early inner retina remodeling.

254 In addition, degeneration of the inner retina resulted in a 34% reduction in overall reti

255 Such cells in the mouse inner retina show increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels

256 Electron microscopic studies of the inner retina showed that Y1-immunostained amacrine cell

257 The inner retina showed transient elevated immunoreactivity

258 a selective loss of the b-wave indicating an inner-retina signaling defect.

259 ositive immunoreactivity was observed in the inner retina, specifically in horizontal and ganglion ce

260 APs in synaptic regions, and of GCAP2 in the inner retina suggest roles of these Ca-binding proteins

261 ripts, coupled with CRY2 localization to the inner retina, supports a photoreceptive role for CRY2 in

262 early as embryonic day (ED) 5-8 (the time of inner retina synaptogenesis), others were undetectable b

263 onic day (ED)5, which precedes the period of inner retina synaptogenesis.

264 amacrine cells, local circuit neurons of the inner retina that are typically inhibitory.

265 are thought to result from processing in the inner retina that involves amacrine cells, but the criti

266 ration from the retinal vasculature into the inner retina that replenishes the local myeloid cell pop

267 ells, a group of neurons situated within the inner retina that transmit signals centrifugally to the

268 riate region of the synaptic neuropil in the inner retina, the inner plexiform layer (IPL).

269 In the vertebrate inner retina, the second stage of the visual system, dif

270 onstrated elevated protein levels within the inner retina; this finding peaked at 24 to 48 hours but

271 m the RPE and the photoreceptor layer to the inner retina through infected Muller cells and within th

272 lood vessels extended from the peripapillary inner retina through the posterior vitreous and into the

273 hyperoxia and significantly elevated in the inner retina throughout vascularized retina and in advan

274 obilization of endogenous microglia from the inner retina to the RPE layer, followed by (2) subsequen

275 rotein in the selective vulnerability of the inner retina to transient ischemia.

276 3D angiography was segmented into 3 layers: inner retina (to show retinal vasculature), outer retina

277 This was a study of inner retina transduction in the macaque, a primate with

278 et despite the pharmacologic blockade of the inner retina (TTX) and postreceptoral retinal circuitry

279 Rod depolarization is conveyed to the inner retina via postsynaptic circuit elements, namely t

280 cells results from lateral inhibition in the inner retina, via GABAergic amacrine cells, and that the

281 expansive photoreceptive 'net' in the mouse inner retina, visualized by using an antiserum against m

282 The thickened inner retina was also seen in anatomic MRI and histology

283 Thinner inner retina was associated with alcohol intake (most si

284 was seen with GCAP2 antibodies as far as the inner retina was concerned.

285 nced by the fact that gene expression in the inner retina was induced with the GFAP promoter.

286 Staining within the inner retina was limited to ganglion cells and their den

287 Light-stimulated Delta1/T1rho in inner retina was linked to changes in blood volume.

288 Oxygenation of the inner retina was not affected after 4 weeks of diabetes,

289 Histology showed that the inner retina was preserved, but the choroid, tapetum, an

290 nd posterior regions of the outer retina and inner retina was scored with a 7-point grading scheme.

291 ure as well as throughout the more posterior inner retina where 5'N activity also was elevated.

292 reased albumin is primarily localized to the inner retina where oxidative damage associated with expe

293 tion predominated in different strata of the inner retina, where bipolar cell output was anticorrelat

294 imity to the processes of other cells in the inner retina, where they may contribute to transient ret

295 y from postnatal day 1 (P1) until P14 in the inner retina, whereas expression was delayed in the oute

296 ravitreal injections distributed more to the inner retina, whereas suprachoroidal delivery occurred p

297 tus of ganglion cells within the superficial inner retina, whether this is normoxic (OHM1), hypoxic (

298 set up color-opponent synaptic layers in the inner retina, which lead to a large variety of color-opp

299 , PGC-1alpha expression was modulated in the inner retina with age and in a model of chronic optic ne

300 SDF-1 was prominent in inner retina with the greatest reaction product near the