ライフサイエンスコーパス: internode

1 ediators of axo-glial interactions along the internode.

2 o induced in internodes above the MJ-treated internode.

3 s distributed along the entire length of the internode.

4 began at the paranodes and progressed to the internode.

5 ovement of label into the rapidly elongating internode.

6 a for all activities occurred in the seventh internode.

7 xpression in the coleoptile, root, leaf, and internode.

8 GA action is the intercalary meristem of the internode.

9 odes and continued centrally along the first internode.

10 the storage parenchyma of the maturing stalk internode.

11 ree single-flowered spikelets at each rachis internode.

12 teral spikelets) are produced at each rachis internode.

13 required for elongation of the inflorescence internodes.

14 vary the number and lengths of their myelin internodes.

15 axonal proteins that were present along the internodes.

16 growth of most plant organs, including stem internodes.

17 uxtaparanodal region or aggregated along the internodes.

18 s and clustered endogenous axonal Kv1.2 into internodes.

19 stature by promoting cell division in young internodes.

20 d myelin thickness and significantly shorter internodes.

21 nd inner margins of PNS, but not CNS, myelin internodes.

22 nt in MAG-null and absent from P(0)-null PNS internodes.

23 elinated RST axons attributable to shortened internodes.

24 S-L incisures formed in P(0)-CNS myelin internodes.

25 anodes, and in unmyelinated segments between internodes.

26 mutants characterized by compact lower stalk internodes.

27 s due to a reduction in cell number in their internodes.

28 ein inhibited the formation of mature myelin internodes.

29 a role for OSH15 in the development of rice internodes.

30 d in the differentiating vascular bundles of internodes.

31 to down-regulate expression in young and old internodes.

32 nternodes to low levels of expression in old internodes.

33 ue with the highest expression in the oldest internodes.

34 roportion to the increased number of injured internodes.

35 cell length and the number of cells spanning internodes.

36 entiation and the formation of stable myelin internodes.

37 expressed at its highest levels in elongated internodes.

38 d in chlorenchyma cells of mature leaves and internodes.

39 XE and MXE (but not XET) action in Equisetum internodes.

40 h and number of cells spanning the length of internodes.

41 tion; that is, thin myelin sheaths and short internodes.

42 ere differentially expressed in growing stem internodes.

43 production of flowers separated by elongated internodes.

44 h-frequency axons but, surprisingly, shorter internodes.

45 e fractions from the leaves but not from the internodes.

46 this soluble protein in both the leaves and internodes.

47 o phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, in sugarcane internodes.

48 Similar responses in internodes above and below treated internodes indicate t

49 Ethylene production was also induced in internodes above the MJ-treated internode.

50 ndent activity modifies the length of myelin internodes along axons altering action potential conduct

51 oth Bmr6 and SbCAD4 are expressed in sorghum internodes, an examination of enzymatic activity of reco

52 er maturation, Caspr is downregulated in the internode and becomes strikingly concentrated in the par

53 AtGA20ox1 making the greater contribution to internode and filament elongation, and AtGA20ox2 making

54 e meristems such as root tips as well as the internode and leaf base.

55 ted macro-elements, were mapped in the node, internode and leaf sheath of rice (Oryza sativa) using s

56 nized only 15% or less of the vessels in any internode and occurred in relatively small numbers, amou

57 t-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filli

58 architecture by affecting elongation of the internode and pedicels, as well as the shape of lateral

59 A build-up of extracellular K(+) in the internode and persistent Na(+) currents are now implicat

60 Internode and petiole elongation, and changes in overall

61 nce, chlorosis, nearly complete reduction of internodes and abnormal leaf shape.

62 elocity at the lesion epicenter due to short internodes and axonal thinning.

63 iction in these mutants leading to compacted internodes and clustered or downward-oriented fruits.

64 Both bp and pny have randomly shorter internodes and display a slight increase in the number o

65 ty, showing reduced formation of tillers and internodes and extensive adventitious root/shoot formati

66 mely short internodes interspersed with long internodes and increased branching.

67 cotyledons of germinating pea seedlings, in internodes and leaves of established seedlings, and in d

68 alpha-expansin genes, five are expressed in internodes and leaves, three in coleoptiles, and nine in

69 ) and K(v)1.2 channels were used to identify internodes and paranodal protein distribution properties

70 alterations in the molecular architecture of internodes and paranodes.

71 the SAM has a strong impact on elongation of internodes and pedicels and growth of leaves.

72 cells, maturing metaxylem elements in young internodes and petioles, and stylar transmitting tissue

73 flowers, hairy stem, modified leaves, short internodes and spiral phyllotaxy.

74 wo expansins occur in the cell walls of rice internodes and that they may mediate acid-induced wall e

75 ing the spatiotemporal formation of specific internodes and the genetic architecture of PH, as well a

76 ter understand the significance of shortened internodes and thinner myelin in spared axons, we modele

77 highly developed myelinated axons that have internodes and well-defined nodes of Ranvier.

78 years and at least 12 consecutive branches (internodes) and evolves skeletal adaptations four times

79 , the heminode abutting the first myelinated internode, and one or two intermediate domains.

80 to myelination and maintenance of the myelin internode, and we have focused on the role of neuregulin

81 oot apical meristem, which initiates leaves, internodes, and axillary meristems.

82 plants were stunted, with shorter leaves and internodes, and dark-grown seedlings had shorter and wid

83 cient Schwann cells produce shortened myelin internodes, and display compressed axial cell length and

84 rmal development of maize (Zea mays) leaves, internodes, and inflorescences.

85 phages in the periaxonal space of myelinated internodes, and rare intraaxonal macrophages as well.

86 selectively decreased the length of putative internodes, and the proportion of process branches that

87 splayed KV7.2 and KV7.3 at heminodes, nodes, internodes, and the unmyelinated synaptic terminal segme

88 lows users to subdivide axes into individual internodes, and thresholds away structures, such as awns

89 d segments having paranodes, juxtaparanodes, internodes, and tight junctions.

90 gion are known, their counterparts along the internode are poorly defined.

91 strate that visual deprivation and shortened internodes are associated with a significant reduction i

92 domain including the leaf margin, and mutant internodes are shortened on the marginal side of the ste

93 increased the abundance and length of myelin internodes, as well as the expression of myelin proteins

94 ants reiteratively produce leaves, buds, and internodes at the apical end of the shoot.

95 the Arabidopsis Stylish 1 (AtSTY1) and Short Internode (AtSHI) genes.

96 In demyelinated internodes, axonal components of nodes fragment and disa

97 ssels in transverse sections of all examined internodes becoming fully blocked.

98 ated glycoprotein (MAG), are enriched at the internodes below the compact myelin, whereas NF155, whic

99 and, in the Laer-0 background, much shorter internodes between adjacent flowers, suggesting an inter

100 ithin the periaxonal space of the myelinated internodes, bound to the outer surface of the motor axon

101 on, a mutant with an elongated hypocotyl and internodes but wild-type petioles was identified through

102 genous Cd, Cu and Fe levels within different internodes, but not with a number of other metals tested

103 five alpha-expansin genes was induced in the internode by treatment with gibberellin (GA) and by woun

104 the node, and independently cleared from the internode, by interactions of its ectodomain with myelin

105 The dwarfing of the floral shoot internodes caused by the gai mutation was suppressed by

106 he organism was in the cortex and 10% in the internode cell cytoplasm.

107 sion, disrupted IM localization, and reduced internode cell proliferation.

108 rough the cortex and reached the cytoplam of internode cells.

109 tive layer of cortex cells surrounding large internode cells.

110 ed lower evolutionary rates, they had higher internode certainty, treeness, and coalescent times.

111 lose development was mainly limited to a few internodes close to the point of inoculation in PD-resis

112 from pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska) stem internodes co-localized in linear and discontinuous sucr

113 the BC LEle plants had substantially longer internodes containing much greater GA1 levels than the t

114 riments of leaves, immature and intermediate internodes, detected 12,621 sense and 995 antisense tran

115 However, tin initiated internode development earlier and, unlike the wild type,

116 Across internode development, SUTs, other than SbSUT4, were imm

117 n barley, especially of the final 'peduncle' internode directly underneath the inflorescence.

118 of these parameters reveal that diameter and internode distance can compensate for the temporal offse

119 larity of the imine linkers (C=N vs N=C) and internode distance have been synthesized using a transim

120 ching can account for the lengthening of the internode during limb growth.

121 y correlated with the sucrose content in the internodes during development, and only slight differenc

122 The elongated internode (ein) mutation of Brassica rapa leads to a def

123 extended Fermi liquid scattering framework, internode electron-electron interactions naturally lead

124 ecific elongation, this mutant, named tomato internode elongated -1 (tie-1) is more sensitive to the

125 A. thaliana background: either by affecting internode elongation (IscLFY1) or by causing homeotic co

126 ults define a critical role for this gene in internode elongation and are significant because they fu

127 nes impairs stem cell maintenance and blocks internode elongation and flowering.

128 depending on the number of lateral branches, internode elongation and phyllotaxy.

129 Bdkai2 mutants exhibit increased internode elongation and reduced leaf chlorophyll levels

130 and cell length, we tested if SLs stimulate internode elongation by affecting GA metabolism or signa

131 ongation are based extensively on studies on internode elongation in the monocot rice (Oryza sativa)

132 Internode elongation is regulated both developmentally a

133 The mutation responsible for the internode elongation phenotype was mapped to GA2oxidase

134 tillering mutant associated with precocious internode elongation that diverts sucrose (Suc) away fro

135 One such adaptation is the ability for rapid internode elongation upon partial submergence to maintai

136 e rms4 mutant, indicating that SLs stimulate internode elongation via RMS4.

137 Shade-induced internode elongation was due to an increase in cell leng

138 To investigate internode elongation, a mutant with an elongated hypocot

139 inhibition of the differentiation of leaves, internode elongation, and secondary vascular cell types

140 e-regulated processes, such as hypocotyl and internode elongation, anthocyanin synthesis, and photope

141 .1 as a MYB transcription factor controlling internode elongation, cell proliferation, and cell morph

142 ant M202(Sub1) displayed restrained leaf and internode elongation, chlorophyll degradation, and carbo

143 quences of OSH15 complemented the defects in internode elongation, confirming that they were caused b

144 rmone effects for dwarfed growth and reduced internode elongation, enhanced branching, reduced stomat

145 ox2 act redundantly to promote hypocotyl and internode elongation, flowering time, elongation of anth

146 ering, maturation, and senescence, decreased internode elongation, shortened roots, aberrant phyllota

147 zing tillering by manipulating the timing of internode elongation.

148 , and does so independently of its effect on internode elongation.

149 d, derivative factor is the global extent of internode elongation.

150 dered to be null alleles, exhibit defects in internode elongation.

151 th respect to shoot growth and hypocotyl and internode elongation.

152 SLs act independently from GAs to stimulate internode elongation.

153 are prevented from piling up in the flanking internodes, ensuring a stable neurofilament distribution

154 Cytological analysis of internode epidermal cells indicates that SLs control cel

155 Internodes exhibited major transcriptomic changes only a

156 ortant for promoting shoot regeneration from internode explants from adult phase citrus trees were id

157 elination by regulating the number of myelin internodes formed by individual oligodendrocytes.

158 ed axoplasm became directed back towards the internode, forming a 'cap' up to 30 mum long.

159 ions shift from a quiescent to an activated, internode-forming morphology co-expressing myelin-associ

160 ant contribution to limiting the increase of internode GA1 to modest levels for the transgenic lines.

161 derstand little about the networks directing internode growth during flowering.

162 Stem internode growth impacts plant height and biomass accumu

163 symplastic transport to seasonally regulate internode growth in perennial species.

164 AGCVIII kinase (Dw2) regulates sorghum stem internode growth, but the underlying mechanism and signa

165 ne function and cell division during sorghum internode growth, providing insight into the regulation

166 current flows at approximately 100 m/s along internodes, i.e., continuous myelinated axons between no

167 script levels of OsTMK increased in the rice internode in response to gibberellin.

168 enzymes increase from the first to the sixth internode in stems of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), prec

169 this region but were detected throughout the internode in the galactolipid-defi- cient mice.

170 and TAG-1) were concentrated throughout the internodes in a double strand that flanked paranodal jun

171 Further, myelin internodes in a humanized mouse model that recapitulates

172 uired for rapid, complete elongation of stem internodes in barley, especially of the final 'peduncle'

173 antify the 3-D structure of OL processes and internodes in cerebellar slice cultures.

174 .1 alpha subunits, which become prevalent at internodes in demyelinated axons, may underlie their dys

175 meristem of deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.) internodes in response to gibberellin (GA).

176 e is a strong reduction in the elongation of internodes in the inflorescence, resulting in the format

177 earlier and, unlike the wild type, the basal internodes in tin were solid rather than hollow.

178 enerate different sheath lengths that mirror internodes in vivo.

179 droxyferuloyl CoA is present in alfalfa stem internodes, in which relative O-methyltransferase activi

180 pressing transgenic plants display shortened internodes, increased tiller number, and upright growth.

181 across remyelinating Schwann cells (nascent internodes) increases markedly from 83 to 274 microm dur

182 in stem diameter, (2) reduced elongation of internodes (independent of carbon supply), and (3) a pro

183 istological sections of mutant inflorescence internodes indicate normal tissue specification, but red

184 ponses in internodes above and below treated internodes indicate transport of a signal giving a syste

185 artial recovery occurred even in an isolated internode, indicating that the internodal axolemma can a

186 egion more rapidly in nodes than in flanking internodes, indicating that neurofilament transport is f

187 utation of Dw2 reduces cell proliferation in internode intercalary meristems, inhibits endocytosis, a

188 s a synergistic phenotype of extremely short internodes interspersed with long internodes and increas

189 inflorescence meristem where we propose the internode is patterned.

190 ated with rapid elongation of deepwater rice internodes, it is induced by gibberellin and wounding, a

191 udes reduced gravitropic response, shortened internodes, lack of lateral roots, and retarded vascular

192 g units called phytomers, each containing an internode, leaf and axillary meristem.

193 nsity induced a > 2-fold increase in sorghum internode length and a ~ 22% decrease in stem diameter,

194 utation in dw3 associates with reduced lower internode length and an elongation of the apex, consiste

195 ffect leaf length and width, leaf angle, and internode length and diameter.

196 ocus regions for leaf angle, leaf width, and internode length and identified rare single nucleotide p

197 bstantial growth alterations, with decreased internode length and smaller serrated leaves.

198 Because gibberellins (GAs) increase internode length by affecting both cell division and cel

199 Moreover, internode length decreased and Ranvier node diameter inc

200 und that the axon diameter is <1 mum and the internode length is approximately 100 mum.

201 and seed production of SSP were greater and internode length less than they were for ASP in all shad

202 he root system using hydroponics can restore internode length of the SL-deficient rms1 mutant but not

203 The latter would predict that average internode length should decrease with age.

204 This is the first time the CNS myelin internode length was measured in a mouse.

205 respondingly detected that QTLs for seedling internode length were environment-specific, whereas late

206 es in zebrafish led to an increase in myelin internode length while inhibiting PAK1 during active mye

207 Delayed abscission, shorter internode length, and reduced auxin movement all correla

208 The second pathway affects leaf size, internode length, and stem hairiness, but does not confe

209 oenergy sorghum increased plant height, stem internode length, cell length and the number of cells sp

210 The PLP-P0 shift resulted in reduced myelin internode length, degeneration of myelinated axons, seve

211 l features such as increased seed weight and internode length, enhanced hypocotyl length in red light

212 suring leaf width, plant height, ear height, internode length, stalk circumference, leaf length, and

213 lopmental transitions, with the exception of internode length, suggesting independent genetic control

214 inal migration, reduced myelin formation and internode length.

215 ssion lines was reduced due to a decrease in internode length.

216 wth and architecture including inflorescence internode length.

217 ing PAK1 during active myelination decreased internode length.

218 Moreover, as internodes lengthened during postnatal growth, conductio

219 er in ontogeny the majority of QTLs affected internode lengths in all treatments.

220 al-independent hypothesis--that variation in internode lengths reflects regional oligodendrocyte-intr

221 where plasticity in flowering time and early internode lengths was adaptive.

222 retinogeniculate pathway but shortens myelin internode lengths without affecting other structural pro

223 Incongruence severity increased for shorter internodes located deeper in the phylogeny.

224 remyelination (at least one abnormally short internode, <100 mum).

225 because perlecan-deficient mice had shorter internodes, more numerous Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, a

226 systemic signals and local regulators during internode morphogenesis will help elucidate the mechanis

227 oRNA-networks are all important to harmonize internode morphogenesis with shoot development.

228 ture due to shortened internodes, with upper internodes most strongly affected.

229 es; 82 of these were shared between leaf and internode networks, highlighting similarities in induced

230 r protein based on its presence in sugarcane internode nuclear protein extracts, and protoplast trans

231 ngth (90.2%), panicle length (87.5%) and the internodes number (86.5%).

232 Segments can be cut from the peduncular-1 internode of oat (Avena sativa L.) shoots so as to conta

233 les and rind dissected from a maturing stalk internode of sugarcane, identifying ten cellulose syntha

234 rved increase in cellulose deposition in the internodes of 35S::SbMyb60 plants.

235 ral specializations in the Ranvier nodes and internodes of auditory brainstem axons involved in sound

236 Internodes of deepwater rice are induced to grow rapidly

237 wo expansin proteins have been isolated from internodes of deepwater rice, and three rice expansin ge

238 MT RNA levels varied in leaves and stem internodes of different developmental ages, with the hig

239 As shown previously, with age the internodes of many of these myelin sheaths show structur

240 tex of the monkey there is some breakdown of internodes of myelin with subsequent remyelination that

241 ately 7-fold to generate the typically short internodes of regenerated nerves.

242 he same plant, such as the first to eleventh internodes of stems, could also be differentiated based

243 Internodes of the mutants had abnormal-shaped epidermal

244 olerant C4 grass, contain up to 50 nodes and internodes of varying length that span 4-5 m and account

245 genes in Arabidopsis, has a primary role in internode patterning.

246 ow that thinly remyelinated axons with short internodes persist for over the course of 2 y.

247 dition a range of pleiotropic leaf, node and internode phenotypes that are sensitive to genetic backg

248 root and shoot growth, reduced elongation of internodes, reduced apical dominance, and reduced leaf s

249 ia influence the number and length of myelin internodes, referred to as myelinogenic potential, and i

250 AtMYB2 is expressed in the compressed basal internode region of Arabidopsis at late stages of develo

251 The results demonstrate that the internode remains plastic in the adult but that increase

252 of myelin on distinct neurons and extent of internode replacement after demyelination remain to be d

253 initial accumulation and clearance from the internode require extracellular interactions, whereas ta

254 d a reduction in elongation of inflorescence internodes resulting in formation of floral clusters.

255 of induced cell cultures and developing stem internode sections, we have generated a list of candidat

256 paper, for the first time, we showed that an Internode Segment (INS) of a myelinated axon acts as a l

257 Leaf tension assays and bend tests of the internodes show that the brittle phenotype does not resu

258 opportunity to study the genetic control of internode-specific elongation in a eudicot species with

259 nization of internodes, thus contributing to internode specification in the SAM.

260 and the auxin biosynthesis regulators SHORT INTERNODE/STYLISH (SHI/STY) during Physcomitrella patens

261 SHORT-INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY)-family proteins redundantly

262 s accompanied by the appearance of elongated internodes such that under these conditions the plants n

263 irmed by morphological examination of myelin internodes, such as incorporation of fluorescently-label

264 levels of SbSUT6 and SbSWEET6, while in the internodes, sucrose unloading correlated with elevated l

265 use of genes or internodes with high average internode support significantly improved the robustness

266 while for elongating and recently elongated internodes, SUTs also were detected in storage parenchym

267 PsGA3ox1 transgenic plants had longer internodes, tendrils, and fruits, larger stipules, and d

268 rn OLs elaborated much shorter but many more internodes than OLs generated during early postnatal lif

269 terations in the PhTFL1 demonstrated shorter internodes than wild-type, likely by downregulating the

270 use development, and regenerated nerves have internodes that are uniformly short.

271 ith a sympodial growth habit and substantial internodes that can and do respond to external stimuli.

272 revealed that GA promotes the number of stem internodes that elongate upon bolting, and does so indep

273 s but also upon developing appropriate shoot internodes that optimally arrange and support the flower

274 ocated at the ends of each elongating myelin internode; this sieve contributes to restricting the sod

275 tablish the typical cellular organization of internodes, thus contributing to internode specification

276 dogenous promoter was coordinated within the internode tissue to avoid feed-forward regulation of PsG

277 This domain deletion extends from the internode to beyond the longitudinal mid-length of the b

278 n, suggesting that it redistributes from the internode to these sites.

279 ging from high levels of expression in young internodes to low levels of expression in old internodes

280 is thaliana), is marked by the elongation of internodes to make an inflorescence upon which lateral b

281 The relationship between internode traits and onset of reproduction varied with e

282 ll walls of deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.) internodes undergo long-term extension (creep) when plac

283 hose expression was upregulated in sugarcane internodes undergoing suberization during culm developme

284 above the pulvinus at the base of elongating internodes using magnetic resonance imaging, microscopy,

285 xpression of four beta-expansin genes in the internode was induced by treatment with gibberellin and

286 genetic variation in plasticity of seedling internodes was greater than in those produced later in o

287 zinieh, the expression of SbSUT2 in the flag internodes was linked to enhanced panicle development.

288 with the transcriptome profiles of specific internodes, we revealed 13 hub genes that may play vital

289 neurofilaments and microtubules in nodes and internodes, we show that the model is sufficient to expl

290 Remarkably, shortened internodes were significantly concentrated at the lesion

291 red at the junction between the pulvinus and internode where LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (SbLOB), a boun

292 ichiometrically phosphorylated in myelinated internodes where radial axonal growth takes place, but n

293 ese proteins are strikingly localized to the internode, where Necl-1 and -2 on the axon are directly

294 oplasms of elongating and recently elongated internodes, whereas SbSUT4 may function to release Suc f

295 lowers and leaves, thicker stems, and longer internodes, which was consistent with the increased auxi

296 ed in the leaf trace vasculature of axillary internodes, while in teosinte, this expression is highly

297 on the yeast phylogeny, the use of genes or internodes with high average internode support significa

298 pansin genes are expressed in deepwater rice internodes, with especially high transcript levels in th

299 plants showed dwarf stature due to shortened internodes, with upper internodes most strongly affected

300 ligodendrocytes and the generation of myelin internodes within the spinal cord depends on regional si