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1 or each major ion species in Earth's topside ionosphere.
2 xtend all the way from near cloud top to the ionosphere.
3 stic window for the jovian magnetosphere and ionosphere.
4 e evidence of low density holes in Jupiter's ionosphere.
5  injected at low latitudes cannot escape the ionosphere.
6 0 km altitude before connecting to the lower ionosphere.
7  net negative charge of 17-23 C to the lower ionosphere.
8  rings, allowing in situ measurements of the ionosphere.
9 ectrically connect the troposphere and lower ionosphere.
10 understorm or meteor effects on the D-region ionosphere.
11 ion with streamer initiation in the D-region ionosphere.
12 he solar wind into Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere.
13  in situ and through TEC measurements in the ionosphere.
14 sence of dusty plasma in the near-equatorial ionosphere.
15 le, create an auroral footprint in Jupiter's ionosphere.
16 ime in-situ measurements of Saturn's topside ionosphere.
17 waves propagating from the atmosphere to the ionosphere.
18 ; the remaining ions and electrons form Io's ionosphere.
19 e that lightning can interact with the lower ionosphere.
20 contact between a thundercloud and the lower ionosphere.
21 und 1 million amperes down through Jupiter's ionosphere.
22 on densities measured by Voyager in Triton's ionosphere.
23  the source is not associated with the Venus ionosphere.
24 from the solar wind to the magnetosphere and ionosphere.
25 storms on the mesopause region and the lower ionosphere.
26 ol relative to those encountered outside the ionosphere.
27  which energy is abruptly transported to the ionosphere.
28 ity holes with <=250 cm(-3) in the nightside ionosphere.
29  observations to quantify it from surface to ionosphere.
30 o quantify such effects in the daytime lower ionosphere.
31  good results when approximating the topside ionosphere.
32 ing immense amounts of energy into our polar ionospheres.
33 ls dissipation of the energy released in the ionosphere?
34 amount of charge between the troposphere and ionosphere (~300 C).
35 old supersonic H(+) flowing out of the polar ionosphere(8,9) (called the polar wind) suggest the pres
36 cal coupling processes in the mesosphere and ionosphere above thunderstorms.
37                                  The Earth's ionosphere affects the propagation of signals from the G
38 ail directly to magnetic connectivity to the ionosphere, akin to observations at Mars.
39  polarization was injected into the overhead ionosphere, along with a less powerful probe wave, and r
40 erived from water from the ring-plane to the ionosphere, an influx on a global scale, flooding betwee
41 caused by enhanced currents flowing into the ionosphere and increased radiation in the near-Earth env
42  a long-lasting space hurricane in the polar ionosphere and magnetosphere during low solar and otherw
43 MIS spacecraft, we investigated simultaneous ionosphere and magnetosphere observations of the plasmas
44 What are the physical processes coupling the ionosphere and magnetosphere?
45 ical currents flowing within and between the ionosphere and magnetotail.
46 simultaneously in the bottomside and topside ionosphere and perform a statistical analysis on an aggr
47                  After combining the topside ionosphere and plasmasphere by a unified model, we have
48 ltation data to properly represent the upper ionosphere and plasmasphere by means of a semi-Epstein f
49 ns are accelerated before colliding with the ionosphere and producing auroral light.
50 and a global electrostatic field between the ionosphere and space (called the ambipolar or polarizati
51 re above the surface, and thus well into the ionosphere and the exosphere.
52 d by electrical currents flowing between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere which accelerate energe
53 e measurements of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the Sun and solar wind
54                                The torus and ionosphere are also depleted by three time-variable proc
55 ure of the northern hemisphere high-latitude ionosphere as a turbulent system that is in a constant s
56  of excited H3+ molecular ions in the jovian ionosphere, as seen from Earth.
57 tons, thus demonstrating the existence of an ionosphere associated with the A ring.
58 rom thunderstorm cloud tops to the bottom of ionosphere at 90 km altitude and electrically connect th
59  branch out spectacularly to the base of the ionosphere at 90 km altitude.
60 which the lightning energy injected into the ionosphere at low latitudes reaches the magnetosphere af
61 strument detected a cold, dense, and dynamic ionosphere at Saturn that interacts with the rings.
62 s been reported to lie immediately above the ionosphere, at a few altitudes of thousand kilometres(1)
63 of Earth controls the structure of the polar ionosphere, boosting the scale height by 271%.
64 , and produced not in the quiet mid-latitude ionosphere, but in the midst of a pulsating natural auro
65 ependence of the scale height in the topside ionosphere cannot be directly used to extrapolate profil
66 ions will be extremely useful in identifying ionosphere composition, mass-dependent ion transport suc
67 ive measurements of martian thermosphere and ionosphere composition, structure, and variability at al
68 going a specular reflection in the conjugate ionosphere, contradicting previous claims that lightning
69                                      Such an ionosphere could be produced by solar photoionization an
70  findings for the scale of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling-interaction, there results a situati
71 s, as a result of the troposphere-mesosphere-ionosphere coupling.
72 ctivities of the top near-equatorial dayside ionosphere, derived from the in-situ measurements by the
73 arge energy and momentum deposition into the ionosphere despite otherwise extremely quiet conditions.
74        Sprites initiate near the base of the ionosphere, develop very rapidly downwards at speeds whi
75  relatively high electron density in the mid-ionosphere E layer, which significantly affect radio-wav
76                                          The ionosphere, Earth's space environment, exhibits widespre
77 remote-sensing methods of the magnetosphere, ionosphere, Earth-ionosphere waveguide, and lightning fl
78           The solar wind, magnetosphere, and ionosphere form a single system driven by the transfer o
79 oduce gravity waves that propagate up to the ionosphere generating disturbed electron densities in th
80 he region, developing accurate models of the ionosphere has been a long-standing challenge.
81   A connection between thunderstorms and the ionosphere has been hypothesized since the mid-1920s.
82 bserved electron density of the low-latitude ionosphere, however, is lower and its temperature higher
83 verage, providing an accurate picture of the ionosphere in areas of the world underserved by conventi
84 viously proposed, Triton could have the only ionosphere in the solar system not controlled by solar r
85          Over the A and B rings, we found an ionosphere in which O2+ and O+ are dominant, which sugge
86 aking campaign took the spacecraft below the ionosphere into the very weakly electrically conducting
87 the state-of-the-art International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model by up to an order of magnitude, e
88                                          The ionosphere is a layer of weakly ionized plasma bathed in
89                                          The ionosphere is identified by a dense plasma that is at re
90 fected by Earth's geomagnetic field, and the ionosphere is its electrically conducting inner boundary
91                                     Saturn's ionosphere is produced when the otherwise neutral atmosp
92 rgy transfer to planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres is controlled by magnetic reconnection, a pr
93 ns for the upcoming Solar-Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) mission.
94 derstanding of lightning and superbolts, for ionosphere-magnetosphere wave transmission, wave propaga
95              We also show that the resulting ionosphere maps can improve location accuracy, which is
96 UltraViolet Imager on-board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite
97 nsional, time-dependent coupled thermosphere-ionosphere model and properly include cooling by H3+ ion
98 sed model of Electron density in the Topside ionosphere (NET), which is constructed using 19 years of
99  with the Variometric Approach for Real-Time Ionosphere Observation (VARION) algorithms.
100 d VARION (Variometric Approach for Real-Time Ionosphere Observation), and estimate slant TEC (sTEC) v
101       When the solar wind interacts with the ionosphere of an unmagnetized planet, it induces current
102 aft unexpectedly passed directly through the ionosphere of Io.
103   We report the first radar soundings of the ionosphere of Mars with the MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar
104 ares, causing up to 200% enhancements to the ionosphere of Mars, as recorded by the Mars Global Surve
105                  If the upper atmosphere and ionosphere of Triton are controlled by precipitation of
106 ms are widely observed in the ISM and in the ionospheres of planets and moons.
107 ultations revealed the presence of a tenuous ionosphere on Europa, with an average maximum electron d
108 identify two distinct current systems in the ionosphere: one aligns with the solar wind electric fiel
109 r energy from the site of lightning into the ionosphere, or vertical electrical discharge, or by a co
110 th hot atomic or ionized constituents in the ionosphere, plasmasphere or magnetosphere.
111 nteraction between Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere produces an asymmetry consistent with observe
112 ized upper layer of Saturn's atmosphere, its ionosphere, provides a closure of currents mediated by t
113 rapping of these waves on the dayside by the ionosphere, resulting in a standing wave or eigenmode of
114 nts in both magnetosphere convection and the ionosphere's two-cell convection.
115 RSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding) instrument on board the orbiting Ma
116 RSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding) radar sounder.
117 uous final jump of negative streamers to the ionosphere, starting in a bidirectional (bipolar) fashio
118 ape processes controlled by thermosphere and ionosphere structure and variability.
119 tion powered by the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere (SW-M-I) interaction.
120        Here we report observations of Venus' ionosphere that reveal strong, circularly polarized, ele
121 cent through Jupiter's atmosphere, under the ionosphere, the lightning and radio emission detector me
122       The dayside proton auroral spot in the ionosphere--the remote signature of high-latitude magnet
123  reflection from the horizontally stratified ionosphere to a wide variety of oblique and diffuse echo
124 ansmitter emissions that leak from the Earth-ionosphere waveguide are primarily responsible for bifur
125 hods of the magnetosphere, ionosphere, Earth-ionosphere waveguide, and lightning flashes.
126    Because all planetary atmospheres possess ionospheres, we anticipate that the mechanisms identifie
127 he interaction of the magnetosphere with the ionosphere, where the magnetosphere is the large region
128 and contains ions from both Io and Jupiter's ionosphere with intense bursts of H(+) and H(+)(3).
129 inous events and remote-sensing of the lower ionosphere with low-frequency radio waves have demonstra

 
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