ライフサイエンスコーパス: irradiance

1 itude changes in background light intensity (irradiance).

2 se rods responsive to modest contrast at any irradiance.

3 than twofold between the lowest and highest irradiance.

4 closing the emitter is exposed to peak solar irradiance.

5 e C (NTRC), plays a role specifically at low irradiance.

6 ing species tended to experience higher UV-B irradiance.

7 tween high sea-surface temperatures and high irradiance.

8 rous oxygen species is stimulated under high irradiance.

9 ent with 30-minute UV-A exposure at 3 mW/cm2 irradiance.

10 This avoids photoactivation at low irradiance.

11 mes, optimizing performance from low to high irradiance.

12 unit (LCU) is commonly characterized by its irradiance.

13 g twilight progression than simply measuring irradiance.

14 tion centers to protect themselves from high irradiance.

15 other marine organisms exposed to high-solar irradiance.

16 input dictates their response to changes in irradiance.

17 position, but gs was not plastic with growth irradiance.

18 climate their photosynthesis to the level of irradiance.

19 r photoaction spectra or total, incident UVB irradiance.

20 r hierarchy of response to low R:FRs and low irradiance.

21 ate lyase gene coinciding with highest solar irradiance.

22 nal and seasonal changes in natural sunlight irradiance.

23 af temperature, leaf moisture potential, and irradiance.

24 entration of the photo-acid generator and UV irradiance.

25 ain yields at relatively high levels of UV-B irradiance.

26 natural water-splitting complex under excess irradiance.

27 old, at optical stimulation of >50 mW mm(-2) irradiance.

28 que, taking advantage both autumn and spring irradiance.

29 and possible operation at non-coherent solar irradiance.

30 ng or inverting gratings) without changes in irradiance.

31 erestimations, depending on incident actinic irradiance.

32 ater number of cells developing under higher irradiance.

33 lated phycobilisome proteins with increasing irradiance.

34 surface water was negatively correlated with irradiance.

35 , catalyst and OA concentrations, and photon irradiances.

36 are thought to saturate at higher (photopic) irradiances.

37 y at excitation intensities well below solar irradiance (0.8 mW cm(-2)), which is on par with the low

38 tent when compared with cells grown at lower irradiances (10 and 40 muE m(-2) s(-1)), they grew much

39 Although cells acclimated to higher irradiances (150 and 300 muE m(-2)s(-1)) exhibited marke

40 s including heat, humidity, predation and UV irradiance(2-4).

41 ation in the current-voltage response across irradiances; 2) empirically-derived voltage- and light-d

42 lobeliads grown in a common garden under two irradiances (300/800 mumol photons m(-2) s(-1) ).

43 phototherapy, and had a higher mean level of irradiance (40 vs. 17 muW per square centimeter per nano

44 of seven Synechococcus isolates to moderate irradiances (5-80 muE m(-2) s(-1) ), and show that Synec

45 sponse curves across a wide range of corneal irradiances (7-14 log photons/cm(2) per second).

46 efficacy in the clinic using wavelengths and irradiances achievable with light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

47 brain's circadian clock cooperate to encode irradiance across a wide range of ambient-light intensit

48 Narrowband coherence increases with irradiance across large areas of the dLGN, but especiall

49 We measured downwelling spectral irradiance across multiple days in two locations in Nort

50 Paradoxically, raising irradiance across the photopic range increases the robus

51 radiance, but whether shade-induced drops in irradiance affect phyB activity has not been demonstrate

52 Apart from irradiance, all study parameters impacted significantly

53 regional precipitation, but changes in solar irradiance also seem to play a significant role, togethe

54 from oil and gas activities, but when solar irradiance and absolute humidity, which are both require

55 Plants photosynthesizing under limiting irradiance and ambient CO2 in a custom-built chamber wer

56 ste stabilization ponds by integrating solar irradiance and aquatic photochemistry models under uncer

57 nclude net photosynthetic rate at saturating irradiance and at ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration

58 affected by top-of-atmosphere incident solar irradiance and atmospheric visibility.

59 nvironmental data such as temperature, solar irradiance and barometric pressure.

60 tat species showed greater responsiveness to irradiance and CO2 , but lower responsiveness to VPD; a

61 circadian system combines both environmental irradiance and colour information to ensure that interna

62 changes at canopy scales, under varied total irradiance and diffuse fraction, in Alaskan shrub tundra

63 e measurement and comparison calculations of irradiance and emission spectra, methods for the determi

64 imary production (PP) using a combination of irradiance and fluorescence vertical profiles.

65 able, and reversible upon the return to high irradiance and high R:FRs.

66 Lower solar irradiance and higher population density were independen

67 by physical factors, including temperature, irradiance and hydrology.

68 nothece sp. ATCC 51142 under continuous high irradiance and in high CO2 concentration.

69 se by 7%, and the ocean area of optimal SST, irradiance and iron is projected to increase by 173%.

70 ation of CO(2) assimilation at subsaturating irradiance and low temperature.

71 By experimentally manipulating solar irradiance and nighttime air humidity, we estimated that

72 ater pH, pCO2, temperature, redox chemistry, irradiance and nutrient availability.

73 duced VEP, its amplitude increases with peak irradiance and pulse duration, and decreases with freque

74 address this issue, we investigated whether irradiance and R:FRs have similar effects on the nuclear

75 ment parameters, including light wavelength, irradiance and radiant exposure, as well as cell culture

76 The net carbon assimilation rate (A) at high irradiance and saturating CO2 levels was reduced by one-

77 Ambulatory wrist blue light irradiance and skin temperature data were collected in 1

78 cate that the SCN contains information about irradiance and spatial patterns.

79 m and closely linked to an increase of solar irradiance and terrestrial temperature in the past two c

80 r, the energy density mismatch between solar irradiance and the low infrared radiation flux from a ne

81 our understanding of the covariation of UV-B irradiance and UV floral pigmentation from within specie

82 ean air-T of 30-d before measurement), solar irradiance and vapour pressure deficit, with growth T ha

83 Responses of gs to irradiance and VPD were positively correlated across spe

84 g model strains cultured at different growth irradiances and temperatures.

85 he response of this ion channel to different irradiances and voltages, and used these data to develop

86 characterised by changes in both quantity ("irradiance") and quality ("colour") of light.

87 ol climate (temperature, humidity, rainfall, irradiance) and atmosphere conditions (O2 and CO2 concen

88 al responses to variations in ambient light (irradiance) and drives non-image-forming visual reflexes

89 c state depending on the actual temperature, irradiance, and CO2 availability.

90 hich assume varying relative humidity, solar irradiance, and desiccant materials (e.g., silica gel, z

91 could be controlled by adjusting the timing, irradiance, and duration of irradiation.

92 e mean temperature, daily temperature range, irradiance, and leaf moisture potential.

93 ties of atmospheric turbulent flow and solar irradiance, and retain consistency at large scales with

94 coherent synchrotron light of high spectral irradiance, and the near-field signal is sensitively det

95 markable at higher levels of depletion laser irradiance, and virtually disappears in conventional con

96 o environmental variation in temperature and irradiance, as well as biotic invasions which can cause

97 sformation frequency by up to 2.0-fold after irradiance at 153 mJ/cm(2).

98 and ventricular cells requiring the highest irradiance at all pulse durations.

99 tio of upwelling radiance to the downwelling irradiance at the ocean's surface.

100 Genotypic variation in the irradiance at which energy flux into photoprotective dis

101 was found between TP and both absorbance of irradiance (at 420 nm, filtered) and altitude for all la

102 t a recently developed proxy for ultraviolet irradiance based on spore and pollen chemistry can be us

103 de a reconstruction of past changes in solar irradiance based on the pollen record from Lake Bosumtwi

104 High spring irradiance before canopy closure accounted for 39-100% o

105 k break point) and increased with decreasing irradiance below 100 umol photons m(-2) s(-1) .

106 eristics, tracking sinusoidal modulations in irradiance best at lower temporal frequencies and respon

107 comparatively weak and highly variable solar irradiance between 280 and 300 nm, a range to which the

108 n a range from 30 to 50 m with varying laser irradiance between 8.2 and 1.3 GW cm(-2).

109 Pupillary responses to high-irradiance blue light associated more strongly with dise

110 us eyes, reduced pupillary responses to high-irradiance blue light were associated with greater visua

111 When cells are exposed to increased irradiance, both tagged Psb28 proteins additionally asso

112 nefits of symbiosis for hosts increased with irradiance but varied by genotype.

113 habitability depends not only on the stellar irradiance, but equally on constituent parts of the plan

114 k average increases in water temperature and irradiance, but the majority of species exhibited a fixe

115 n to its effect on R:FRs, shade also reduces irradiance, but whether shade-induced drops in irradianc

116 tivity is initially strongly reduced at high irradiances, but progressively recovers to allow respons

117 modulation of the influence of reduced solar irradiance by the cumulative effect of cool North Atlant

118 resentation of such very slow alterations in irradiance by the early visual system has been little st

119 as Purkinje, constant light at extremely low irradiance can be used for fine control of oscillatory f

120 genes for the photosynthetic response to an irradiance change.

121 The irradiance changes in QD PL indicate quantitatively the

122 ources internal to the climate system, solar irradiance changes, and volcanic forcing.

123 d responses of stomatal conductance (gs ) to irradiance, CO2 , and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) for 1

124 As a result of these local irradiance coding properties, our data establish that ph

125 rganic pollutants, also considering that the irradiance conditions of the experiments were not far fr

126 Under these low irradiance conditions, native species had higher light-s

127 The percentage of solar irradiance converted into electric power depends upon mo

128 production followed a typical photosynthesis-irradiance curve and increased by 30% above the saturati

129 We apply satellite-derived surface irradiance data from the NASA Clouds and the Earth's Rad

130 chemistry, recently published solar spectral irradiance data from the Solar Radiation and Climate Exp

131 nsity and a gridded hourly global horizontal irradiance data set simulates hourly PV power output fro

132 d sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a and irradiance data, and modeled wave data to quantify envir

133 photolysis rates were estimated using solar irradiance data, contaminant quantum yields, and light s

134 f ChR2 with empirically-derived voltage- and irradiance- dependence, where parameters were fine-tuned

135 At the single-unit level, irradiance-dependent increases in baseline firing were s

136 ells have been hypothesized to be capable of irradiance detection lasting throughout the day.

137 Thus, for irradiance detection, developmental apoptosis is necessa

138 photoreceptors that specialize in prolonged irradiance detection.

139 r retinal photoreceptors function as retinal irradiance detectors and provide a local measure of lumi

140 tinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) to function as irradiance detectors.

141 light from across the scene as expected for irradiance detectors.

142 lled by the direct normal component of solar irradiance (DNI), are among the most promising solar tec

143 strated to be able to directly resolve light irradiance down to sub-picowatts per square centimeter,

144 gnitude or spectral distribution of sunlight irradiance (e.g., different times, latitudes, water abso

145 ipRGCs are heterogeneous irradiance-encoding neurons that primarily project to no

146 heses: that plants adapted and grown in high-irradiance environments would have greater responsivenes

147 radionuclide data and resulting total solar irradiance estimates during grand minima.

148 That modification occurred only if the laser irradiance exceeded certain threshold level.

149 In planta, Rubisco deactivated at low irradiance except in the Arabidopsis rwt43 transformant

150 e irradiance might play in mat decline using irradiance filters that uncouple ultraviolet and visible

151 tal room volume, or an average whole-room UV irradiance (fluence rate) of 5-7 muW/cm(2), calculated b

152 istinct photopigment (melanopsin) to measure irradiance for centrally mediated responses such as circ

153 test coupon were exposed to increasing laser irradiance for extended exposure times to quantify their

154 deficit first by showing that variations in irradiance for human subjects are biased towards low tem

155 eld was also estimated to assess the optimal irradiance for NCl3 transformation.

156 de collimated light emission with sufficient irradiance for neural stimulation.

157 ver, we develop a forward model with surface irradiance forcing to quantify long-distance effects of

158 variation for photosynthetic acclimation to irradiance found in this study will allow future identif

159 s of the response to a step-wise increase in irradiance from 100 to 600 micromol m(-2) s(-1).

160 er a narrow range, but the population covers irradiances from moonlight to full daylight.

161 istry correlate with known latitudinal solar irradiance gradients.

162 but responses to more natural modulations in irradiance have been much less studied.

163 I measured 1 h after a step-wise increase in irradiance identified several new candidate genes contro

164 se are placements that favor (i) high winter irradiance, (ii) high ground-reflected radiation, and (i

165 Irradiance, illuminance, and light spectra measurements

166 signed to bracket uncertainty in ultraviolet irradiance in a scenario in which future solar activity

167 cally increase in amplitude as a function of irradiance in both anesthetized and awake, freely moving

168 efined by the most severe reduction in solar irradiance in documented history (1610-present).

169 erature on the response of photosynthesis to irradiance in six Arctic plant species and determined th

170 Global change is expected to alter UV irradiance in terrestrial systems(5), potentially intens

171 ficantly offset from the peak of downwelling irradiance in the mesopelagic realm (480 nm).

172 f metabolism and growth after an increase in irradiance in the nonsaturating range in the algal model

173 ed from affordable materials to provide high irradiance in the outpatient setting; light dose was tit

174 ability decreases as ultraviolet and visible irradiances increase during summer.

175 Higher frequency modulations in irradiance increased time averaged firing of SCN neurons

176 As irradiance increased we found a widespread enhancement i

177 Exposure to low-irradiance intermittent green light (543 nm; 0.1-4 Hz) f

178 Solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance is a key driver of climatic and biotic change

179 The remaining 80% of solar irradiance is converted into heat, and thus improved hea

180 Yet our understanding of ultraviolet irradiance is limited because no method has been validat

181 However, variability in ultraviolet solar irradiance is linked to modulation of the Arctic and Nor

182 ving efficient photon upconversion under low irradiance is not only a fundamental challenge but also

183 and 2100, the ocean area of optimal SST and irradiance is projected to increase by 7%, and the ocean

184 easure of photosynthetic capacity) to growth irradiance level and for the kinetics of the response to

185 d fog, capable of withstanding ~10 times the irradiance level of remote phosphors.

186 of this study was to evaluate the effects of irradiance levels and spectra produced by solid-state li

187 the short-term PhiPSII response to different irradiance levels as well as for the relation of PhiPSII

188 ronment, Fe concentrations and daily surface irradiance levels can vary by two to three orders of mag

189 es were maintained in continuous light or at irradiance levels of 150-300 mumol m(-2) s(-1) .

190 iments were performed: (1) evaluation of LED irradiance levels of 545, 440, 330, 220, and 110 mumol m

191 esponses to continuous light exposure at low irradiance levels, and for sustained pupillary constrict

192 f photoreactor type, catalyst concentration, irradiance levels, and hydrodynamics.

193 reduced in patients with POAG only at higher irradiance levels, corresponding to the range of activat

194 At highest irradiance levels, these algae reduced transcription of

195 es, saturation, thermal degradation, and low irradiance levels.

196 uired for PSII maintenance under static high-irradiance light conditions but is also a regulatory mec

197 planted and treated with appropriate spatial irradiance light profiles.

198 tein causes altered PSII function under high-irradiance light, and hence it is named 'Maintenance of

199 ast 30 min during exposure to continuous low-irradiance light, indicating that steady-state pupillary

200 Scalar-irradiance measurements showed strong attenuation of vis

201 We examined the role irradiance might play in mat decline using irradiance fi

202 Ultraviolet irradiance modulates stratospheric warming and ozone pro

203 Key is their ability to grow at low irradiances near the nutricline, which is aided by their

204 ts upon a single injection) and reducing the irradiance needed to induce nerve block by 94%.

205 which appears to be constitutive; under low irradiance, OCP2 expression was only detectable in a Tol

206 of air-mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) having an irradiance of 100 mW/cm(2).

207 lls using a solar simulator under a constant irradiance of 1000 W/m(2) for more than 650 hours.

208 itting at a wavelength of 450 nm with a peak irradiance of 400 mW/mm(2).

209 ompared with plants acclimated for 9 d at an irradiance of 500 micromolm(-2)s(-1).

210 icular environmental conditions such as high irradiance of a particular light quality, whereas the OC

211 ve and increased by 30% above the saturation irradiance of photosynthesis, while DPI significantly im

212 ive not only the low R:FRs, but also the low irradiance of shade.

213 y due to deeper penetration into and greater irradiance of the entire canopy.

214 vent composition, laser wavelength, and peak irradiance of ultrashort laser pulses.

215 he acclimation of PhiPSII to constant growth irradiances of four different levels (100, 200, 400, and

216 tically trap individual YLF crystals with an irradiance on the order of 1 MW/cm(2).

217 ation related to different scenarios such as irradiance or environmental oxygen concentration.

218 photo-protective carotenoid pigments at high irradiance or more chlorophyll, resulting in correspondi

219 onmental variation, such as changes in light irradiance or oxygen availability.

220 o acid production for fast growth under high irradiance or storage of N in leaves as soluble protein

221 e scale that were unaffected by temperature, irradiance, or the bridge units present on the molecular

222 s are often expected to rely on early-season irradiance, our results highlight interspecific differen

223 ach to super resolve wind velocity and solar irradiance outputs from global climate models to scales

224 quencies and responding to abrupt changes in irradiance over a range of commonly encountered contrast

225 s in water temperature (SST(VAR) ) and solar irradiance (PARZ(VAR) ).

226 Standard protocols for the measurement of irradiance, peak wavelength, and emission spectra have n

227 stomatal development systemically, with the irradiance perceived by mature leaves modulating stomata

228 This was achieved by applying actinic irradiance perpendicular to one side of thallus cross se

229 03-2014) average reduction in point-of-array irradiance (POAI) caused by aerosols in the atmosphere.

230 species and determined their temperature and irradiance preferences using a k-fold algorithm to rando

231 Solar irradiance provides energy to desorb water vapor adsorbe

232 ne firing was equally apparent when the slow irradiance ramp appeared alone or when a variety of high

233 Under saturating irradiance, rates of assimilation using xylem-transporte

234 om the surface of the light tip, and not the irradiance received by the specimen.

235 nm), where only approximately 1% of incident irradiance remained at 20 mm depth.

236 A (PHYA) is responsible for the far-red high-irradiance response and for the perception of very low a

237 s reduced very-low-fluence response and high-irradiance response.

238 PHYA) is essential for the far-red (FR) high-irradiance responses (HIRs), which are of particular eco

239 light and are impaired in other far-red high-irradiance responses.

240 hrome A signal transduction for several high-irradiance responses.

241 zml2 T-DNA insertion lines displayed a high irradiance-sensitive phenotype with significant photoina

242 orphology of the response across voltage and irradiance settings.

243 Species native to higher irradiance showed greater hydraulic plasticity.

244 ighly correlated with changes in total solar irradiance, solar Mg-II index, and Lyman-alpha index dur

245 nder "light" 1 sun illumination (AM1.5 solar irradiance spectrum).

246 Background light intensity (irradiance) substantially impacts the visual code in the

247 other hand, a reconstruction of solar total irradiance suggests that since the Maunder minimum there

248 At higher irradiances, supplementary oxygen is beneficial and elim

249 nly be detected in cultures grown under high irradiance, surpassing expression levels of OCP1, which

250 located deeper inside tissues receive lower irradiance than cells closer to the surface and can disp

251 ns that Prochlorococcus LLI thrive at higher irradiances than other LL taxa, the results suggest LLI

252 t meter, providing an independent measure of irradiance that determines optimal setting for visual ci

253 measurement area and does not represent the irradiance that the resin specimen is receiving locally

254 t atomic ions are observed at the high laser irradiances that can be generated by tightly focused ult

255 unique, local proxy for broad spectrum solar irradiance, the chemical analysis of spores and pollen o

256 For a high-end decline in solar ultraviolet irradiance, the impact on winter northern European surfa

257 o and thus photosynthesis during fluctuating irradiance, the K428R substitution could potentially pro

258 ions, we continued to show that, over higher irradiances, this increase in firing originates with inn

259 nsistently high turbidity will likely reduce irradiance to <250 mumol m(-2) s(-1) , and predict that

260 Animals use the variation in irradiance to adjust their internal circadian clocks, al

261 five invasive species from Hawaii under low irradiance to mimic the forest understory environment.

262 s to convey information about ambient light (irradiance) to synchronize the SCN's endogenous circadia

263 d shaded habitats, grown under high- and low-irradiance treatments.

264 y variations in the magnitude of total solar irradiance (TSI) and changes in the greenhouse gas conte

265 n increase in the cycle-averaged total solar irradiance (TSI) by a value of about 1-1.5 Wm(-2) closel

266 ly correlated with variations in total solar irradiance (TSI) on multi-decadal timescales implying th

267 n with cosmogenic nuclide (14)C, total solar irradiance (TSI), and sunspot number (SN) at multi-decad

268 a) enables glacier algae to tolerate extreme irradiance (up to ~4,000 umol photons.m(-2).s(-1)) while

269 Under natural UV-A irradiance, UVR8 is likely to interact with UV-A/blue li

270 to simulated natural sunlight at a constant irradiance value (500 W m(-2)) during all the experiment

271 een different brands of LCUs, and the use of irradiance values derived from dental radiometers to des

272 climate model simulations forced only by SC irradiance variations.

273 in forests undergoing increased canopy-level irradiance via disturbance and climate change.

274 Irradiance was effective within the range found in natur

275 The promotion of leaf hyponasty by lowering irradiance was impaired in phyB and pif mutants, as prev

276 p-wise change in irradiance where the growth irradiance was increased from 100 to 600 micromol m(-2)

277 w light, but returned to wild-type levels as irradiance was increased.

278 at the cool-temperate rainforest site where irradiance was low.

279 ip between electron transport rate (ETR) and irradiance was measured in five cultivars of rice (Oryza

280 similation after transition from low to high irradiance was much more rapid in the rwt43 transformant

281 easily measured inputs such as depth, solar irradiance, water matrix absorbance, singlet oxygen conc

282 t have an absorptivity of unity in the solar irradiance wavelength region (0.3-2.5 [Formula: see text

283 With >/=6 GWcm(-2) depletion irradiance, we were able to extend the fluorophore survi

284 responses, and that plants grown under high irradiance were more responsive to all stimuli.

285 nt outdoors where UV-A (315-400 nm) and UV-B irradiances were attenuated using plastic films.

286 limation of PhiPSII to a step-wise change in irradiance where the growth irradiance was increased fro

287 ted by varying the intensity and duration of irradiance, which could not only be delivered by lasers,

288 ciency (PCE) up to 19.2% under 1 sun AM 1.5G irradiance, which is among the highest planar heterojunc

289 ool was reduced by 50% at the optimal growth irradiance while in the WT it was over 90% oxidized.

290 lative to specialist strategies by increased irradiance, while at the same time increased nutrient su

291 encode naturalistic temporal modulations in irradiance, while revealing that the circadian system ca

292 on seedling development in darkness or high-irradiance white light show that ethylene is not limitin

293 Under high-irradiance white light, phyB formed large nuclear bodies

294 ecially so in greenhouse-grown plants, where irradiance will have been low.

295 onse and show coral tissue rupture at higher irradiance with blue light.

296 ope correspond with periods of minimum solar irradiance, with a clear trend of increasing flood frequ

297 we provide first details on spectral photon irradiance within the photic zones of four terrestrial c

298 Lowering irradiance without changing R:FRs or lowering R:FRs by a

299 omatal conductance (gs ) respond to changing irradiance, yet stomatal responses are an order of magni

300 ion signal while operating with lower laser irradiances, yielding the added benefit of reduced molec