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1 and freeze-dried meat depending on the alpha-keto acid).
2 itant oxidative decarboxylation of the alpha-keto acid.
3 n and the carboxylate derived from the alpha-keto acid.
4 e nonoxidative decarboxylation of aromatic 2-keto acids.
5 ation of C-C, C-N, and C-S bonds using alpha-keto acids.
6 nsamination between primary amines and alpha-keto acids.
7 ycle that is capable of producing lipids and keto acids.
8 terial conversion of chiral epoxides to beta-keto acids.
9 dehydes or hydroxy acids, nor does it reduce keto acids.
10 y L-amino acids from the corresponding alpha-keto acids.
11 y for the catabolism of branched-chain alpha-keto acids.
12 D-amino acids into their corresponding alpha-keto acids.
13 isulfide and the site of activation by alpha-keto acids.
14 nit sulfhydryl/disulfide system and by alpha-keto acids.
15 kaemia cells by aminating the branched-chain keto acids.
16 ized from amino alcohols or amino thiols and keto acids.
17 carboxylation of aliphatic epoxides to beta-keto acids.
18 condensation of acetyl-CoA and certain other keto acids.
19 oxylative acyl radical generation from alpha-keto acids.
20 by coupling tryptophan derivatives and alpha-keto acids.
21 g step that furnishes the target cyclobutane keto acids.
22 the efficient asymmetric alkylation of alpha-keto acids.
23 the respective commercially available delta-keto acids.
24 due to accumulation of branched chain alpha-keto acids.
25 ons without the toxicity of phenols, such as keto acids.
26 t instead catalyzes the decarboxylation of 3-keto acids.
27 some of which are relatively labile such as keto acids.
28 hemical reaction, i.e., decarboxylation of 2-keto acids.
29 ate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and branched chain keto-acids.
30 e biosynthetic pathway of the 9-carbon alpha-keto acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galactonononic aci
32 d the five-coordinate [Fe(II)(Tp(Ph2))(alpha-keto acid)] (6-Me(3)-TPA = tris[(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)meth
34 fhydryl residue being the site both of alpha-keto acid activation and of the regulatory sulfhydryl/di
35 sensitive to pyruvate, consistent with alpha-keto acid activation occurring through a thiohemiacetal.
36 ermination and identification of eight alpha-keto acids (alpha-ketoglutaric acid, pyruvic acid, 4-hyd
37 g the conversion of the branched-chain alpha-keto acids an intermediate was always detected extracell
38 ibition studies using aliphatic and aromatic keto acid analogues have been carried out to gain insigh
39 aramate and alpha-ketosuccinamate (the alpha-keto acid analogues of glutamine and asparagine, respect
40 ysine-binding site has a higher affinity for keto acid analogues than does the alpha-Kg site or that
42 synthetases (NRPs) that incorporate the beta-keto acid and l-isoleucine, followed by Dieckmann conden
43 te, which can lead to both the desired alpha-keto acid and the 1,4-homofragmentation, with the produc
44 are extended to produce abiotic longer chain keto acids and alcohols by engineering the chain elongat
47 hydroxyisoindolinones can be prepared from o-keto acids and both alkyl and aryl amines using PyBOP, P
48 of the products from the reduction of gamma-keto acids and esters and delta-keto esters were convert
51 involving acyl radical generation from alpha-keto acids and subsequent palladium-catalyzed coupling w
52 oton at C(4)' of the cofactor to yield alpha-keto acids and the pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP) form of
53 onent catalyzes the decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids and the subsequent reductive acylation of the
55 iral N- tert-butanesulfinyl imines with beta-keto acids and were subsequently transformed into cis-2,
56 metal-ion bridge between the quinolone C3-C4 keto-acid and amino acids in helix-4 of the target prote
58 ne dose as 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic acid (keto acid) and 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic acid (hyd
59 and freeze-dried meat depending on the alpha-keto acid) and linear (R>0.99) over several orders of ma
60 he six-coordinate [Fe(II)(6-Me(3)-TPA)(alpha-keto acid)](+) and the five-coordinate [Fe(II)(Tp(Ph2))(
61 Malonate semialdehyde is analogous to a beta-keto acid, and enzymes that catalyze the decarboxylation
63 he beta-hydroxy acid is oxidized to the beta-keto acid, and this residue participates in all three of
64 tivation of the alternative oxidase by alpha-keto acids appears to involve the formation of a thiohem
65 r E1b-catalyzed decarboxylation of the alpha-keto acid are higher in these E1b mutants than in wild-t
67 non-heme iron dioxygenases that employ alpha-keto acids as cofactors, CDO was shown to be the only di
68 r degradation, and analyse the role of alpha-keto acids as intermediate compounds in the formation of
69 s studies have identified these seleno-alpha-keto acids as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors.
70 urs by a carboxylation reaction forming beta-keto acids as products and provide evidence for the invo
73 e oxidative decarboxylation of various alpha-keto acids, as well as the cleavage of glycine into CO(2
74 ldehyde to a significant extent by all alpha-keto acids assayed; glyoxylic acid being the most reacti
75 entation with alpha-ketoglutarate, the alpha-keto acid backbone of glutamine, has demonstrated potent
76 to lower BCAA and their corresponding alpha-keto acids (BCKA) in patients with classic and variant l
77 revealed increased levels of branched-chain keto acids (BCKA), and BCAA in plasma of T2D patients, w
81 and their metabolites, namely branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs), contribute to the development of ins
85 TRAP-PBP (the Rhodobacter sphaeroides alpha-keto acid-binding protein) where quaternary structure fo
87 re synthesized in plants from branched-chain keto acids, but their metabolism is not completely under
88 of human liver microsomes with nicotine gave keto acid by using aminoketone as an intermediate; keto
92 the deaminated product branched-chain alpha-keto acids, catalyzed by the mitochondrial branched-chai
93 nt of these two features to the Fe(II)(alpha-keto acid) chelate mode and the nu(C==O) of the keto car
94 tions, leading to a coupled amino acid-alpha-keto acid chemical system capable of supporting a more r
95 lyzes the isomerization of unsaturated alpha-keto acids, converting unconjugated ketones to the conju
96 beled alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), the alpha-keto acid corresponding to leucine, can assess both BCAA
97 However, rather than utilizing the typical keto-acid cosubstrates, 2-oxoglutarate, pyruvate, and ox
99 ive E. coli xylonate dehydratase (yjhG), a 2-keto acid decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida (mdlC) a
100 ts, associated with the branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase/dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoa
101 ction was also improved by overexpression of keto-acid decarboxylases (KDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase
103 ha and E1beta components of a branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) multienzyme complex invo
104 otransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex--were determined
106 the 4-megadalton human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) metabolic machine is a th
107 and provide evidence that the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex is performing th
108 s the E2 subunit of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, a core componen
109 ng mutants deficient in branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BKD), an enzyme complex involve
110 involve increased activity of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase and the ubiquitin-proteasome pro
111 otransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) activities via p
114 n and expression of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex and beta-keto acyl-acyl
115 he NADH produced by the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex was required for complet
117 l protein that is shared among several alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes and the glycine cleava
118 e, aconitate hydratase, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1 component, biotin carboxylase
120 e BCKAs mediated by the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase enzyme complex (BCKD complex).
123 l inhibitor of Sln1 and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDHK) and propose a me
124 ine expression of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK), the key enzyme t
125 Sln1 and the mammalian, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase are very similar to that
126 odes the four proteins of the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Pseudomon
127 d DBT, a subunit of the branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase that is required for the second
128 abolism is regulated by branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase, an enzyme complex that is inhib
129 c regulates the expression of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogena
130 ress any of the components of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, were found to contain missense
131 inducible multienzyme complex branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, which is regulated in both spec
134 yl)pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) are two alpha-keto acid dependent mononuclear non-heme iron enzymes th
141 ndensation of aldehyde 5 with the enolate of keto acid derivatives to form the C6-C7 bond, selective
143 and isotope exchange occurs with some alpha-keto acids (e.g., pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate), resu
144 enantioselectivity of LeuDH, the H(2)/alpha-keto acid EFC is an energy-efficient alternative to elec
148 elopment of a process that affords the alpha-keto acid exclusively and should be generally applicable
150 se, ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductase, or the 2-keto acid ferredoxin oxidoreductases specific for pyruva
152 ron, TdcE, has recently been shown to be a 2-keto acid formate-lyase that can accept pyruvate as an e
153 alyze the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids, forms the central core to which the other co
154 rally applicable to the preparation of alpha-keto acids from alpha,alpha-dichloroesters or acids.
156 e demonstrate an abiotic generation of alpha-keto acids from only two amino acids, starting with the
157 nia is transferred between amino acids and a-keto acids, has a mechanism that has been well studied u
158 rated prebiotic sources of these small alpha-keto acids have been limited by conditions required for
161 photochemical reaction mechanisms for alpha-keto acids in aqueous solution are robust and generaliza
165 eaction pathway producing higher-order alpha-keto acids, including amino acid precursors found in mod
166 transport of short chain monocarboxylic and keto acids, including pyruvate and lactate, to support b
169 methionine implicated an alpha-dimethyl-beta-keto acid intermediate in the biosynthesis of TMC-86A.
171 entially converts ureidoglycine and an alpha-keto acid into oxalurate and the corresponding amino aci
173 bioconversion from l-kynurenine to the beta-keto acid is a unique strategy employed by nature to dec
174 -C2 unit and the C5 carboxylate of the alpha-keto acid is also important for binding; the alpha-oxo g
176 y of the hydroxy acids from the reduction of keto acids is dependent only on the enantiomer of the re
177 oupling of isoxazole carboxamides with alpha-keto acids is developed for the synthesis of pharmaceuti
178 arboxylation of short-chain epoxides to beta-keto acids is proposed to serve as the physiological rea
179 tive decarboxylation of branched-chain alpha-keto acids, is essentially devoid of the constituent dih
180 dehydration of (R)-phenylglycinol with omega-keto acids, lactams 4-6 were obtained as separable diast
182 ihydroxyphenylalanine (D-DOPA) and its alpha-keto acid metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (DH
183 e metabolites identified, the branched-chain keto-acid metabolite 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate was the stro
186 n is strengthened by the ability of an alpha-keto acid model compound, trimethylpyruvate, to act as a
188 including increase in branched-chain AA and keto acids of leucine and isoleucine in arterial plasma.
189 ate constants for the reactions of amino and keto acids of several substrates decrease logarithmicall
190 nsfer process between 2H-indazoles and alpha-keto acids, offering advantages like absence of photosen
192 he coproduct formed in reactions using alpha-keto acid (only CO(2)), together with its versatility as
194 ein-based supplements, amino acids and their keto acid or hydroxyacid analogues), discusses the ratio
195 Five of these compounds are either alpha-keto acids or alpha,beta-unsaturated acids, while the si
196 valent complexes of dinucleotides with alpha-keto acids originating from the reductive tricarboxylic
197 iron (III) complex ferricyanide, and 3) the keto-acids oxaloacetate and pyruvate (and phosphoenolpyr
198 to provide accurate assessments of the alpha-keto acids oxaloacetic acid, pyruvate, and glyoxylate be
199 ntain three distinct ferredoxin-dependent, 2-keto acid oxidoreductases, which use pyruvate, aromatic
200 actions of the following alpha-hydroxy-alpha-keto acid pairs: (S)-sulfolactic acid and sulfopyruvic a
201 otopic composition of some of the meteoritic keto acids points to interstellar or presolar origins, i
203 Fe(2+)-dependent ARD' produces the alpha-keto acid precursor of methionine and formate and allows
204 icin gamma(1)(I), including the elusive beta-keto acid precursor to a previously described C15 methyl
211 f three newly reported classes of compounds: keto acids (pyruvic acid and homologs), hydroxy tricarbo
213 cur with other long-chain and branched alpha-keto acids, resulting in the stereospecific exchange of
214 tion products were formed, among which alpha-keto acids seemed to play a role in these reactions.
216 a variety of physiologically available alpha-keto acids serve as oxidants of PdxB to sustain multiple
218 oxygenases that require Fe(II) and an alpha-keto acid substrate to oxygenate an organic molecule.
219 oxygenases that require Fe(II) and an alpha-keto acid substrate to oxygenate or oxidize an organic m
222 such as indolepyruvate, or branched-chain 2-keto acids such as 2-ketoisovalerate, as their primary s
223 doreductases, which use pyruvate, aromatic 2-keto acids such as indolepyruvate, or branched-chain 2-k
225 tochondria is known to be activated by alpha-keto acids, such as pyruvate, and by the reduction of a
228 s (NulOs) are a diverse family of 9-carbon a-keto acid sugars that are involved in a wide range of fu
229 ulOs) are a diverse family of 9-carbon alpha-keto acid sugars that are involved in a wide range of fu
232 a catabolic pathway for branched-chain alpha-keto acids that was previously unidentified in E. faecal
234 equires pyridoxal 5'-phosphate but not alpha-keto acid; therefore, the enzyme is not an aminotransfer
237 at is unable to convert branched-chain alpha-keto acids to ILV or to use ILV as a precursor for branc
238 t the conversion of the branched-chain alpha-keto acids to the corresponding free acids results in th
239 , a multiprotein complex that converts alpha-keto acids to their corresponding acyl-CoAs; however, Bk
240 al N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines with beta-keto acids under basic conditions at room temperature pr
243 onverted into glyoxylic acid, and this alpha-keto acid was then able to convert phenylalanine into ph
244 pha-dichloroester to the corresponding alpha-keto acid was unexpectedly complicated by a novel 1,4-ho
246 0 human liver samples, rates of formation of keto acid were 5.7% of those of cotinine and production
250 e chemically synthesized alpha-dimethyl-beta-keto acid with a purified recombinant flavin-dependent e
252 olecular asymmetric reduction of a series of keto acids with (-)-diisopinocampheylborane and intermol
253 ugh the chemical derivatisation of the alpha-keto acids with dansylhydrazine is required), precise (<
254 tochemistry of a series of amphiphilic alpha-keto acids with differing linear alkyl chain lengths was
255 ation and propargylation of a range of alpha-keto acids with total turnover numbers (TTNs) up to 4,60
256 hat can be used to access chiral cyclobutane keto acids with two stereocenters in five steps from the