ライフサイエンスコーパス: kidney biopsy

1 ured in serum collected at enrollment and at kidney biopsy.

2 likelihood that the patient would undergo a kidney biopsy.

3 MG from 2017 to 2018, 62 (10.4%) underwent a kidney biopsy.

4 All patients underwent percutaneous kidney biopsy.

5 ectromicroscopy allows chemical mapping of a kidney biopsy.

6 osis, and is generally not an indication for kidney biopsy.

7 o had MG, 160 (2.5%) of whom had undergone a kidney biopsy.

8 Rejection status was confirmed by kidney biopsy.

9 ofluorescence and electron microscopy in the kidney biopsy.

10 nterstitial nephritis (AIN) often requires a kidney biopsy.

11 al fibrosis and tubular atrophy, P<0.001) on kidney biopsy.

12 IgAN can only be diagnosed by kidney biopsy.

13 a kidney biopsy, and reasons for deferring a kidney biopsy.

14 nts with MG and whether they had undergone a kidney biopsy.

15 tinal ischemia occurred, with TMA evident on kidney biopsy.

16 the tubulointerstitial space of human lupus kidney biopsies.

17 as measured annually; 111 subjects underwent kidney biopsies.

18 m 118 consecutive transplant recipients with kidney biopsies.

19 IR can be used on standard paraffin embedded kidney biopsies.

20 r over 50% of proximal tubules in time 0 DGF kidney biopsies.

21 Digital Pathology Scoring System to NEPTUNE kidney biopsies.

22 s performed on archived frozen tissue of 104 kidney biopsies.

23 nted for frozen and RNAlater preserved human kidney biopsies.

24 c-Src in msuPAR2 signaling and in human FSGS kidney biopsies.

25 st that urine might serve as a surrogate for kidney biopsies.

26 ssess protein expression of TSP1 and GLNA in kidney biopsies.

27 s performed to assess the presence of RNS in kidney biopsies.

28 quantitation of immune cells in entire human kidney biopsies.

29 tissue from animal models or biobanked human kidney biopsies.

30 duction using murine AAV models and in human kidney biopsies.

31 oided unnecessary immunosuppression (27%) or kidney biopsy (18%), and guided extrarenal evaluation (7

32 Fifteen recipients underwent kidney biopsy 45 d of dnDSA.

33 Among 14 patients with a native kidney biopsy, 5 were diagnosed with collapsing glomerul

34 patients who underwent clinically indicated kidney biopsies, 52 (10%) had diagnosis of TGP.

35 trates universal glomerular abnormalities in kidney biopsies after OLT.

36 Participants had a second kidney biopsy after a mean follow-up of 9.3 years.

37 nted with proteinuria and renal failure, and kidney biopsy analysis showed a nodular sclerosing GN wi

38 in expression in vivo in inflamed rejecting kidney biopsies and co-expressed in renal tubules.

39 the segmentation of histologic structures on kidney biopsies and nephrectomies.

40 These biopsies and all other kidney biopsies and specimens from the recipients of the

41 tudy was conducted for PV replication in all kidney biopsies and urine cytologies performed between 1

42 In total, 42 kidney biopsies and urine samples were examined.

43 sure for assessing the severity of injury in kidney biopsies and validation for many biomarkers of AK

44 6 patients were collected within 2 months of kidney biopsy and assayed for the urinary biomarkers lip

45 ts as acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis on kidney biopsy and generally shows a favourable response

46 is of MGRS-related disease is established by kidney biopsy and immunofluorescence studies to identify

47 nces of SV40 (but not BK or JC virus) in his kidney biopsy and urine by polymerase chain reaction, So

48 s a treatment algorithm on when to perform a kidney biopsy and/or genetic testing and which immunosup

49 Of these, 2696 donors had both kidneys biopsied and subsequently transplanted.

50 CKD, which of those with CKD had undergone a kidney biopsy, and reasons for deferring a kidney biopsy

51 All patients underwent transplant kidney biopsy, and their estimated glomerular filtration

52 computerized algorithm comprising diagnosis, kidney biopsy, and transplant procedure codes.

53 ue burden of post-HCT PVN is unknown because kidney biopsies are avoided due to their bleeding risk.

54 Kidney biopsies are being used to evaluate marginal dono

55 Because kidney biopsies are invasive, identification of blood ma

56 Typical manifestations on kidney biopsy are minimal change lesions and focal segme

57 enal injury and limited chronicity on pre-LT kidney biopsy are unclear.

58 , D did not vary significantly between human kidney biopsies at the time of transplantation, 3-6 mont

59 during donor evaluation and who underwent a kidney biopsy at donation.

60 of consecutive patients who underwent native kidney biopsy at John H.

61 We followed a subset who underwent kidney biopsy at the end of the 6-year trial, with annua

62 Kidney biopsy at the time of recurrence showed mesangial

63 mg/day or a history of amyloidosis underwent kidney biopsies between June 2001 and March 2009.

64 We identified 149 patients who underwent kidney biopsy between 2000 and 2016 at the Department of

65 ntegrative, multi-omics approaches since the kidney biopsy, blood and urine samples used to generate

66 d, is a near universal finding in transplant kidney biopsies by the end of the first decade posttrans

67 This analysis suggests that transplanted kidney biopsies can be performed with minimal risks in p

68 on, stroke, or heart failure from the Boston Kidney Biopsy Cohort recruited from 2 academic medical c

69 y Study, with a similar signal in the Boston Kidney Biopsy Cohort, although the latter narrowly misse

70 l fibrosis and tubular atrophy in the Boston Kidney Biopsy Cohort.

71 d spatial transcriptomics, we profiled human kidney biopsies collected from patients with two of thes

72 A kidney biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of kappa AL amyloi

73 asured using histopathological assessment of kidney biopsy core.

74 ed age older than 50 years, performance of a kidney biopsy, cytomegalovirus seropositive status, dona

75 subset of African American subjects for whom kidney-biopsy data were available, progression to ESRD w

76 ed a genome-wide association study of 10,146 kidney-biopsy-diagnosed IgAN cases and 28,751 controls a

77 nology and definitions should help harmonize kidney biopsy diagnosis with precision therapy in the mo

78 donor CrCl does, and percentage GS on donor kidney biopsies does not, correlate well with 1-year gra

79 Only 4 of the 10 who underwent kidney biopsy donated (two normal, two TBMN).

80 sttransplantation outcomes by several common kidney biopsy evaluation techniques, including Kidney Do

81 Glomeruli from human kidney biopsies exhibited widespread editing of APOL1 Al

82 The goal of this study was to characterize kidney biopsy findings in this population and follow the

83 aradigm from patient stratification based on kidney biopsy findings towards personalized management b

84 pears to represent a subgroup with favorable kidney biopsy findings with respect to chronicity indice

85 , laboratory results, response to treatment, kidney biopsy findings, and genetic information, were co

86 demographic and clinical characteristics and kidney-biopsy findings in humans is unknown.

87 ctors for chronic kidney disease and certain kidney-biopsy findings.

88 mited information about the role of protocol kidney biopsies for de novo donor-specific antibodies (d

89 n to new drugs, this must include how to use kidney biopsies for management and not just diagnosis, h

90 ) in 86 patients who had DSA and underwent a kidney biopsy for cause (n = 58) or without evidence of

91 ) in 86 patients who had DSA and underwent a kidney biopsy for cause (n=58) or without evidence of ki

92 ntial utility of DSA monitoring and protocol kidney biopsy for dnDSA.

93 However, due to the need to obtain a kidney biopsy for histological confirmation, AIN diagnos

94 outcomes of 41 LT recipients who had pre-LT kidney biopsy for unexplained renal dysfunction, protein

95 of the complement proteins, was analyzed in kidney biopsies from 40 DKD patients and 10 normal contr

96 pective study, we analyzed 147 pretransplant kidney biopsies from 88 deceased adult donors procured a

97 We measured several renal structures in kidney biopsies from 94 normoalbuminuric patients with l

98 genes in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium in kidney biopsies from diabetic nephropathy patients to id

99 e examined Nox5 expression and regulation in kidney biopsies from diabetic patients, cultured human p

100 In kidney biopsies from different patient cohorts, we confi

101 Forty kidney biopsies from donors with (20) and without AKI (2

102 Preimplantation kidney biopsies from ECD (n = 41) and standard-criteria

103 ed podocytes in murine models of disease and kidney biopsies from glomerulosclerosis patients exhibit

104 den MPs adherent to capillary endothelium in kidney biopsies from hyperalbuminuric SCD patients.

105 ng for total and phospho-SYK in glomeruli of kidney biopsies from IgAN patients strongly suggests the

106 s well as Hsp60 is significantly elevated in kidney biopsies from individuals undergoing acute and ch

107 KIM-1(+) T cells were also infiltrating kidney biopsies from individuals with DKD.

108 Immunohistochemical analyses of kidney biopsies from liver transplant recipients with ch

109 atients but not in normal salivary glands or kidney biopsies from lupus nephritis patients.

110 binding protein (C/EBP) delta is elevated in kidney biopsies from multiple manifestations of human AG

111 acid Schiff-stained whole slide image (WSI) kidney biopsies from participants in the NEPTUNE/CureGN

112 We examined kidney biopsies from patients with ACTN4 mutations to ch

113 In kidney biopsies from patients with acute kidney injury,

114 bserved higher expression of this protein in kidney biopsies from patients with AIN.FundingThis study

115 ownregulation of HOXA5 was verified in human kidney biopsies from patients with chronic kidney diseas

116 lated from HIV transgenic mice as well as in kidney biopsies from patients with HIV-associated nephro

117 Consistently, kidney biopsies from patients with IgA nephropathy and d

118 cence microscopy fails to detect IgG in many kidney biopsies from patients with IgAN and the specific

119 In contrast, all 16 kidney biopsies from patients with inflammatory processe

120 ith ferroptosis-related protein abundance in kidney biopsies from patients with kidney disease.

121 Here, we compared miR expression in kidney biopsies from patients with lupus nephritis and i

122 above molecular changes were verified in the kidney biopsies from patients with obstructive nephropat

123 a1 integrin, which was similarly observed in kidney biopsies from patients.

124 Kidney biopsies from Pima Indians with type II diabetes

125 n assays of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney biopsies from well-phenotyped cohorts were used t

126 ls in sclerosing and collapsing lesions in a kidney biopsy from a patient with diabetes underscores t

127 tial nephritis in individuals with available kidney biopsy) had overt sign of liver, bile duct, heart

128 ndardized histological grading of transplant kidney biopsies has become a primary criterion for diagn

129 Kidney biopsy has been recommended to guide kidney alloc

130 idney injury and published reports of native kidney biopsies have reported diverse pathologies.

131 peptidase), PCP (prolyl-carboxypeptidase) in kidney biopsy homogenates in 11 healthy living kidney do

132 cy, artificial intelligence (AI) analysis of kidney biopsy images is anticipated to become an integra

133 nclusion, careful quantitative assessment of kidney biopsies in normoalbuminuric patients with type 1

134 factor-beta1, and interleukin-6 in 95 human kidney biopsies in patients with renal failure and mild

135 ity, occurring in approximately 1% of native kidney biopsies in several large biopsy series obtained

136 tle data exist to validate the usefulness of kidney biopsies in this patient population.

137 Accordingly, the IKMG recommends a kidney biopsy in patients suspected of having MGRS to ma

138 Kidney biopsy in the remaining 10 showed: two normal; fo

139 eter obstruction model and in human diseased kidney biopsies, in which overlap of PEC- or podocyte-sp

140 Kidney biopsy is considered the golden criterion for dia

141 al presentation and pathological findings on kidney biopsy is essential for sound treatment decisions

142 Kidney biopsy is frequently unhelpful, whereas genetic l

143 However, a kidney biopsy is not without risks.

144 ls in the incipient stage of disease, when a kidney biopsy is not yet clinically indicated.

145 A kidney biopsy is often abnormal and aids in the decision

146 Chronic tubulointerstitial injury on kidney biopsy is usually quantified by the percentage of

147 n=581): Patients undergoing first for cause kidney biopsy (KTxBx) 1.7+/-1.4 (mean +/-SD) years postt

148 analysis included ten patients who underwent kidney biopsy (mean age: 65 years); five patients were b

149 Toward this, kidney biopsies (n=100) were cultured in the presence of

150 Renal involvement (n = 7) was established by kidney biopsy (n = 5) or by two or more of the following

151 In patients with kidney biopsy (n=12), resting PET renal blood flow was s

152 In human kidney biopsies, Nox5 was identified to be expressed in

153 Glomerular diseases were observed in kidney biopsies obtained during the acute and chronic ph

154 tting, we noted a reduction in SIRT1 mRNA in kidney biopsies obtained from individuals with focal glo

155 Zero-time kidney biopsies, obtained at time of transplantation, ar

156 lored NOS1 expression and phosphorylation in kidney biopsies of cadaveric donors.

157 lized to injured tubules in diagnostic human kidney biopsies of oxalosis-related AKI.

158 H19 is upregulated in kidney biopsies of patients with AKI, in murine ischemic

159 munohistochemistry in kidneys of Tg mice and kidney biopsies of patients with IgA nephropathy and CKD

160 ermore, IL-17(+) and DN T cells are found in kidney biopsies of patients with lupus nephritis.

161 thin the gene expression profiles from whole kidney biopsies of patients with SLE.

162 uses of renal dysfunction is lacking, with a kidney biopsy often being required.

163 nts from the Mexican cohort who had repeated kidney biopsies on follow-up.

164 ic marker for active SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney biopsy or autopsy specimens.

165 or progression of fibrosis (ci) on protocol kidney biopsy (P = .67).

166 ), and the presence of arterial sclerosis on kidney biopsy (P = 0.0076) when controlling for age, ANC

167 IgAN guideline now encourages a more liberal kidney biopsy policy and suggests aiming for stricter pr

168 sed transcriptional profile of the zero-hour kidney biopsy predicts posttransplant clinical outcomes

169 quantification of complement C3 deposits in kidney biopsies provides prognostic information in patie

170 In addition, kidney biopsy provides only a single snapshot of disease

171 ients with minimal chronic changes on pre-LT kidney biopsy recovered kidney function within 1 month f

172 A kidney biopsy remains an important diagnostic measure.

173 of GN, with a major aim of standardizing the kidney biopsy report of GN.

174 24 (7.5%) had APOL1.61% of genetic NS with a kidney biopsy report were classified as secondary FSGS.

175 -based classification forms the basis of the kidney biopsy report.

176 ry values were not remarkable, and liver and kidney biopsy results were normal.

177 ntensified immunosuppression (IIS), 1155 had kidney biopsy results, and 212 had an established geneti

178 Kidney biopsy revealed enlarged glomeruli with mesangial

179 Ultrasound and kidney biopsy revealed small dysplastic kidneys with cys

180 ic tool that complements the assessment of a kidney biopsy sample by a pathologist.

181 to correspond as closely as possible to the kidney biopsy sample in a health care or research contex

182 A cohort of 250 kidney biopsy samples (discovery cohort) diagnosed as PL

183 Kidney biopsy samples can show definitive evidence of CK

184 particular, spatial metabolomics analysis of kidney biopsy samples could have an important role in fa

185 Sixty-five posttransplantation kidney biopsy samples covering 41 cases with acute rejec

186 n by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining of kidney biopsy samples for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in all

187 The application of these methods to kidney biopsy samples from patients with lupus nephritis

188 In kidney biopsy samples from patients with nephropathic cy

189 The most common finding in our kidney biopsy samples from ten hospitalized patients wit

190 us loads were measured in urine, plasma, and kidney biopsy samples in three clinical settings: (i) pa

191 profiles of 28 TGP and 11 normal transplant kidney biopsy samples were analyzed by Affymetrix HuGene

192 BKVN and normal transplant kidney biopsy samples, and whole blood samples of patien

193 of gene-expression changes in human diabetic kidney biopsy samples.

194 s in FSGS both in rodent models and in human kidney biopsy samples.

195 d in 8 of 11 human liver samples, but 0 of 4 kidney biopsy samples.

196 f-organizing map of transcriptomic data from kidney biopsy samples.

197 lts in prominent complement C3 deposition in kidney biopsy samples.

198 y without rejection or pretransplant "normal kidney" biopsy samples.

199 Finally, using kidney biopsy sections from people with diabetic nephrop

200 Healthy living donor kidney biopsies served as controls.

201 crease the likelihood of finding MGRS, and a kidney biopsy should be highly considered in such patien

202 f de novo DSA (dnDSA) paired with systematic kidney biopsy should become routine remains to be establ

203 nto account pancreas dysfunction, a positive kidney biopsy should correctly predict pancreas rejectio

204 All allograft kidney biopsies showed bright C3 staining (2-3+), with s

205 Histologic analysis of kidney biopsies showed EC loss after reperfusion.

206 dy, ultrastructural analysis of serial human kidney biopsies showed that long-term use of ERT reduced

207 Transplant kidney biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis in patient 2

208 The native kidney biopsy showed large pleomorphic nuclei in the pro

209 Donor kidney biopsies showing microvascular thrombosis were id

210 In a human HIVAN kidney biopsy, sidekick expression was increased in glom

211 lycemic clamp studies, MRI, 11C-acetate PET, kidney biopsies, single-cell RNA-Seq, and spatial metabo

212 by a nephropathologist on trichrome stained kidney biopsy slide was used as the reference standard.

213 As a typical example, a kidney biopsy specimen often contains glomeruli and tubu

214 Examination of the kidney biopsy specimen revealed glomerular deposition of

215 mopathy (MG) of renal significance (MGRS) on kidney biopsy specimens among patients with MG.

216 ction, histological evidence of rejection in kidney biopsy specimens and anti-donor reactivity in CML

217 d Nucleocapsid was performed in two COVID-19 kidney biopsy specimens and urine sediments.

218 important predictor of outcome) on images of kidney biopsy specimens could enable pathologists to mor

219 Finally, immunostaining in kidney biopsy specimens demonstrated overexpression of S

220 li and proximal tubules from 98 human needle kidney biopsy specimens for microRNA expression analysis

221 In kidney biopsy specimens from 157 European subjects repre

222 Thirty kidney biopsy specimens from children with idiopathic ea

223 rate upregulation of anillin in podocytes in kidney biopsy specimens from individuals with FSGS and k

224 nd protein S immunostaining was performed on kidney biopsy specimens from patients with diabetic neph

225 , we examined rpS6 phosphorylation levels in kidney biopsy specimens from patients with FSGS and in p

226 We report the induction of podocyte B7-1 in kidney biopsy specimens from patients with type 2 diabet

227 From a cohort of 771 kidney biopsy specimens from two North American and five

228 the development of methods that cryopreserve kidney biopsy specimens in a manner that preserves intac

229 By analyzing kidney biopsy specimens of patients with extracapillary

230 the role of Akt in progression, we examined kidney biopsy specimens of patients with focal segmental

231 mistry revealed CCR6-bearing Treg17 cells in kidney biopsy specimens of patients with GN.

232 Images of kidney biopsy specimens were obtained from the Washingto

233 We performed a meta-analysis in human kidney biopsy specimens with CAI, incorporating data ava

234 lointerstitium was performed on 30 for-cause kidney biopsy specimens with early AMR, acute cellular r

235 V DNA was found in 7 (36.8%) of 19 allograft kidney biopsy specimens with viral nephropathy and 0 (0%

236 is (CML) assays, had absence of rejection in kidney biopsy specimens, and did not develop anti-donor

237 nd C5b-9 are found in immune deposits of IMN kidney biopsy specimens, but the pathway of complement a

238 Compared with normal kidney biopsy specimens, kidney specimens from patients

239 r other kidney grafts or podocytes of native kidney biopsy specimens.

240 lated with severity of structural lesions in kidney biopsy specimens.

241 We used remnant frozen kidney-biopsy specimens from 34 patients with IgAN; 14 w

242 Even IgAN kidney-biopsy specimens without IgG by routine immunoflu

243 ria with B7-1 immunostaining of podocytes in kidney-biopsy specimens.

244 f glomerular volume occupied by mesangium in kidney-biopsy specimens.

245 RTCA was performed in kidney biopsies stained with SYTO16/PI and WGA.

246 a radical nephrectomy or a for-cause native kidney biopsy, suggesting that age-based thresholds are

247 Also, the use of frequent surveillance kidney biopsies, surrogate markers of chronic rejection,

248 Env sequences were also detected in kidney biopsies taken from the allografts before implant

249 and proteinuria (2-4 g/day) and underwent a kidney biopsy that revealed FSGS-like lesions with arter

250 Furthermore, we measured metabolites in kidney biopsy tissue from patients with stage 3b/4 chron

251 spectrometry (LC MS/MS) on paraffin-embedded kidney biopsy tissue to detect 12 MN antigens.

252 immunofluorescence staining for PLA2R within kidney biopsy tissue, to guide the management of this di

253 erformed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded kidney biopsy tissue, using mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/M

254 to interrogate immune complexes from frozen kidney biopsy tissue.

255 ction of MN antigens using paraffin-embedded kidney biopsy tissue.

256 rf2 against diabetic nephropathy using human kidney biopsy tissues from diabetic nephropathy patients

257 gh Resolution Respirometry and fresh porcine kidney biopsies to assess mitochondrial function we show

258 antibodies might help guide indications for kidney biopsy to avoid misdiagnosed chronic glomerulopat

259 The median time from native kidney biopsy to dialysis or transplantation was 42.3 mo

260 om a renal-limited form, diagnosed only on a kidney biopsy, to full-blown systemic manifestations, wh

261 ipose biopsies using real-time RT-PCR and 61 kidney biopsies using the Affymetrix U133 array.

262 tron microscopy specimens for nine available kidney biopsies was conducted to identify pathological f

263 Total RNA from kidney biopsies was isolated at 3 clinical time points f

264 at the time of initial diagnosis of C3GN at kidney biopsy was 20.8 years.

265 Kidney biopsy was deferred for 70 patients (20%); for 62

266 A kidney biopsy was performed when viremia exceeded 10 cop

267 kable, and if they still wished to donate, a kidney biopsy was performed.

268 Using animal models and patient kidney biopsies, we assessed the pathogenic sequelae of

269 From 230 consecutive donor kidney biopsies, we identified eight cases exhibiting do

270 In a case of WD diagnosed from a kidney biopsy, we observed morphologically-intact bacter

271 A total of 270 deceased donor pretransplant kidney biopsies were collected and posttransplant functi

272 uring the 2-year follow-up blood, urine, and kidney biopsies were collected from 48 renal transplant

273 In an international collaboration, 284 kidney biopsies were evaluated to improve understanding

274 es, complete blood count, weight, liver, and kidney biopsies were examined for immunotoxin-related ch

275 ofiles of human orthologs of the 43 genes in kidney biopsies were highly significantly related (R(2)

276 We show that common evaluation techniques of kidney biopsies were not predictive for posttransplantat

277 Kidney biopsies were obtained before cardiac death and a

278 Kidney biopsies were obtained from 74 patients (control

279 Kidney biopsies were obtained from patients with high pr

280 EDTA plasma samples and kidney biopsies were obtained from the Quality in Organ

281 Kidney biopsies were performed at the end of the trial.

282 ents transplanted between 2004 and 2021, 566 kidney biopsies were performed in 178 individual HLA-DSA

283 Few kidney biopsies were performed.

284 A total of 554 kidney biopsies were taken from donation after brain dea

285 Blood and urine samples and kidney biopsies were then obtained.

286 of diabetes mellitus, and arteritis on index kidney biopsy were independently associated with ESKD.

287 autoantibodies, targeted genetic testing and kidney biopsy when required.

288 stitial inflammation and fibrosis is through kidney biopsy, which is invasive and cannot be repeated

289 The gold standard test is kidney biopsy, which is invasive and costly.

290 biopsies (n=3) compared to normal transplant kidney biopsies with (n=3) and without BK viremia (n=11)

291 underlying molecular mechanisms, we analyzed kidney biopsies with and without PVAN.

292 All 11 of the kidney biopsies with AR were positive, as were the 11 AT

293 itive, as were the 11 ATN cases, 9 of the 11 kidney biopsies with CR, and 7 of the 10 with ACR.

294 Proteins were extracted from 16 kidney biopsies with URC (n = 8 donors after brain death

295 rescence analysis of a frozen section of her kidney biopsy with antihuman IgG showed staining of the

296 re defined as having any of the following: a kidney biopsy with PV associated nephropathy, any urine

297 scriptions of adverse events associated with kidney biopsies, with choices limited to none, gross hem

298 results reveal for the first time that IgAN kidney biopsies, with or without IgG by routine immunofl

299 January 2014 and February 2017 who underwent kidney biopsy within 60 days of detection of dnDSA.

300 tive protocol (84.3%) and indication (15.7%) kidney biopsies yielded 8.1 +/- 4.1 samples per patient,