ライフサイエンスコーパス: kinetochore

1 rge size and compositional complexity of the kinetochore.

2 m for Ctf3c and Cnn1-Wip1 recruitment to the kinetochore.

3 centromere to the microtubule-binding outer kinetochore.

4 cture of an unexpected plasticity to build a kinetochore.

5 lity but virtually the entire centromere and kinetochore.

6 ckpoint or recruitment of Mad2 at unattached kinetochores.

7 population of the kinase is also detected at kinetochores.

8 ephosphorylation of a checkpoint scaffold at kinetochores.

9 es of PP1 and PP2A are strongly inhibited at kinetochores.

10 for Aurora B recruitment to centromeres and kinetochores.

11 nvestigating the function of their divergent kinetochores.

12 g the checkpoint signal at properly attached kinetochores.

13 bias of microtubule growth toward individual kinetochores.

14 e chromosomes by attaching to macromolecular kinetochores.

15 assembly checkpoint signaling at unattached kinetochores.

16 achment of microtubules to the outer face of kinetochores.

17 le-directed forces on still-connected sister kinetochores.

18 s between 1) centrosomes, 2) centrosomes and kinetochores, 3) centrosomes and chromosome arms, and 4)

19 ecruiting Ipl1-Sli15 to centromeres or inner kinetochores [5, 9].

20 and the Rod-ZW10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex, whose kinetochore accumulation has been shown to antagonize mi

21 atin dynamics, including cohesin loading and kinetochore anchoring.

22 udes dynein-mediated removal of the RZZ from kinetochores and consequently delays the formation of st

23 -responsive period when MPS1 can localize to kinetochores and enables a response to late-stage spindl

24 cells, but during mitosis it was absent from kinetochores and enveloped chromatin.

25 s dispensable for Ska complex recruitment to kinetochores and for generation of kinetochore-microtubu

26 for both PCH-2's localization to unattached kinetochores and its enrichment in germline precursor ce

27 demonstrate that LSH is enriched at meiotic kinetochores and its targeted deletion induces centromer

28 find that CDK1-CCNB1 localizes to unattached kinetochores and like MPS1 is lost from these structures

29 d 2) regulating the binding strength between kinetochores and microtubules such that correct attachme

30 the strengths of centrosomes' attraction to kinetochores and repulsion from the chromosome arms have

31 tical role in regulating attachments between kinetochores and spindle microtubules during mitosis.

32 e maintenance of cohesion, the regulation of kinetochores and the assembly of specialized chromatin,

33 demands efficient capture of microtubules by kinetochores and their conversion to stable bioriented a

34 Drosophila Polo localizes strongly to kinetochores and to central spindle microtubules during

35 with Sli15, recruits Ipl1-Sli15 to the inner kinetochore, and promotes chromosome bi-orientation, ind

36 tions in Polo expression and activity at the kinetochores, and disclosed a new in vivo function for U

37 nosoma brucei, the proteins that make up the kinetochore are highly divergent; the inner kinetochore

38 occurs when key structural components of the kinetochore are lost and centromere structure is changed

39 his suggests that Aurora B substrates at the kinetochore are not phosphorylated by centromere-localiz

40 The reconstituted kinetochores are capable of self-assembling in vitro, co

41 cture of the chromosomal region within which kinetochores are embedded, as well as the restructuring

42 Kinetochores are large multi-subunit complexes that atta

43 Kinetochores are large protein complexes that, by assemb

44 In meiosis I, sister kinetochores are paired and oriented toward the same spi

45 Here, we show that in mouse oocytes, kinetochores are required for spindle bipolarization in

46 Kinetochores are the chromosomal attachment points for s

47 ution of functional Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore assemblies from recombinantly expressed prot

48 ubule has one (rarely, two) Dam1C/DASH outer kinetochore assemblies.

49 ic CENP-A levels, thus leading to defects in kinetochore assembly and chromosome segregation.

50 sion of satellite RNAs, thus ensuring proper kinetochore assembly and faithful chromosome segregation

51 conserved histone H3 variant, which directs kinetochore assembly and hence centromere function.

52 t insects indicates a conserved mechanism of kinetochore assembly between these lineages.

53 abilizes Sugt1, a co-chaperon protein key to kinetochore assembly during cell division.

54 feration through facilitating Sugt1 mediated kinetochore assembly during cell division.

55 Loss of SAM or Sugt1 both disrupts kinetochore assembly in mitotic cells due to the misloca

56 In most eukaryotes, kinetochore assembly is primed by the histone H3 variant

57 l analyses identify a Ctf19c(CCAN)-dependent kinetochore assembly pathway that is dispensable for mit

58 he first functional insights into CCAN-based kinetochore assembly pathways that function independentl

59 The CCAN is necessary for kinetochore assembly, a multiprotein complex that attach

60 e report that MIWI deficiency alters meiotic kinetochore assembly, significantly increases chromosome

61 n is required for the SAC beyond its role in kinetochore assembly, suggesting that kinetochore enrich

62 1, where it coordinates NPC disassembly with kinetochore assembly.

63 processes as well, including the spindle and kinetochore-associated (Ska) complex.

64 ression, and identify Ctf19 as a mediator of kinetochore-associated CO control.

65 We previously identified a role for the kinetochore-associated Ctf19 complex (Ctf19c) in pericen

66 The conserved kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex (composed of Hec1/N

67 es and has been implicated in establishing a kinetochore-associated pool of Aurora B kinase, a chromo

68 the composition of centromeric chromatin and kinetochores at distinct cell-cycle stages, revealing ex

69 iring, recombination, and the orientation of kinetochore attachment to microtubules in meiosis I.

70 plicated in correcting erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments, is essential for Ndc80 degradat

71 Here we discover a kinetochore-based, DNA damage-induced metaphase checkpoi

72 nuclear pore so that it can be recruited to kinetochores before nuclear envelope breakdown to mainta

73 e microtubule-binding interface of the human kinetochore behaves like a flexible "lawn" despite being

74 n by phosphorylating multiple chromatin- and kinetochore-binding proteins.

75 Each mammalian kinetochore binds many microtubules, but how many attach

76 At cell division, the mammalian kinetochore binds many spindle microtubules that make up

77 s at CEN chromatin contributes to defects in kinetochore biorientation and chromosomal instability (C

78 ed corona composition and ensuring efficient kinetochore biorientation.

79 centromeres in M. sympodialis as 3-5-kb long kinetochore-bound regions that span an AT-rich core and

80 Dynamic coupling of microtubule ends to kinetochores, built on the centromeres of chromosomes, d

81 the recruitment of Mad1-C-Mad2 to unattached kinetochores but also on its binding to Megator/Tpr at n

82 Only microtubule-end attached kinetochores can be pulled apart; how these end-on attac

83 ngth is dictated by the number of unattached kinetochores, cell volume, and cell fate.

84 mplex (NPC) by binding an acidic face of the kinetochore checkpoint protein, MAD1, where it coordinat

85 er, the mechanisms regulating centromere and kinetochore chromatin modifications are not known.

86 osphorylation by enriching Aurora B at inner kinetochores, close to CENP-C.

87 izes to the microtubule-proximal edge of the kinetochore cluster during anaphase based on single-part

88 le formation as a prerequisite for efficient kinetochore clustering and bi-orientation.

89 re-microtubule attachments are stabilized as kinetochores come under tension in mitosis.

90 ct networks and query for interactors of the kinetochore complex as well as conserved proteins involv

91 gation requires assembly of the multiprotein kinetochore complex at centromeres.

92 The kinetochore complex is a conserved machinery that connec

93 We show that the Ctf19c(CCAN) inner kinetochore complex is essential for kinetochore organiz

94 In addition, the kinetochore complex MIND enhances microtubule binding by

95 raction between spindle microtubules and the kinetochore complex that assembles on centromere DNA is

96 es a monocentric chromosome with a localized kinetochore complex throughout the cell cycle.

97 ficient to recruit the Mis12 and Ndc80 outer kinetochore complexes.

98 BuGZ is a kinetochore component that binds to and stabilizes Bub3,

99 e phenotypes are exacerbated by mutations in kinetochore components and Aurora B kinase Ipl1.

100 ects improper attachments by phosphorylating kinetochore components and so releasing aberrant kinetoc

101 melanogaster, mutation or knockdown of many kinetochore components cause neurites to overgrow and pr

102 lation, rather than phosphorylation of other kinetochore components, was responsible for this dissoci

103 Therefore, changes in kinetochore composition and a distinct assembly pathway

104 hanism by which meiotic cells modulate their kinetochore composition through regulated Ndc80 degradat

105 kinetochore are highly divergent; the inner kinetochore comprises at least 20 distinct and essential

106 y increase alpha-tubulin detyrosination near kinetochores compromised efficient error correction, wit

107 Kinetochores connect centromeric chromatin to spindle mi

108 We show that lepidopteran kinetochores consist of previously identified CCAN homol

109 The inner kinetochore constitutive centromere associated network (

110 cally interacts with components of the inner kinetochore constitutive centromere-associated network (

111 Modeling offers a mechanism to explain kinetochore coupling to growing microtubule tips under a

112 on with mutations in components of the inner kinetochore (CTF19/CCAN, Mif2(CENP-C), Cbf1).

113 As a core member of the inner kinetochore, defects of each subunit in the CENP-H/I/K c

114 The kinetochore-dependent mode of spindle bipolarization is

115 ore protein KKIP5 in an Aurora B kinase- and kinetochore-dependent, but ATM/ATR-independent manner.

116 This work provides insight into kinetochore-derived control of meiotic recombination.

117 his clustering is similar in yeast and human kinetochores despite significant differences in their ce

118 kinetics of Bub1, BubR1, and BuGZ loading to kinetochores differ, with BuGZ localizing prior to BubR1

119 Kinetochores direct chromosome segregation in mitosis an

120 irement in mediating chromosome segregation, kinetochores display remarkable plasticity in their stru

121 th kinase activities one another in an inter-kinetochore distance-dependent manner, indicating a posi

122 A multi-protein machine, the kinetochore, drives chromosome segregation by coupling t

123 The role of the kinetochore during meiotic chromosome segregation in C.

124 tages, revealing extensive reorganization of kinetochores during meiosis.

125 onsistently, ectopic targeting of SET to the kinetochores during metaphase hyperactivates Aurora B vi

126 recruitment of the kinase MPS1 to unattached kinetochores during mitosis.

127 sis resolves LSH at the inner centromere and kinetochores during oocyte meiosis.

128 for binding to the major microtubule-binding kinetochore element Ndc80c, suggesting a direct competit

129 ole in kinetochore assembly, suggesting that kinetochore enrichment of Aurora B promotes the phosphor

130 eportedly error prone, exhibit no detectable kinetochore enrichment of Prc1.

131 trates that Aurora B-dependent regulation of kinetochores extends beyond altering microtubule attachm

132 y coordinated with cell cycle progression by kinetochore-extrinsic activity of Mps1.

133 t acetylated histone H3 (AcH3), base J and a kinetochore factor co-localise in each chromosome at onl

134 lathrin localizes to the mitotic spindle and kinetochore fiber microtubule bundles, the mechanisms by

135 To segregate chromosomes, the kinetochore-fiber must be dynamic and generate and respo

136 s many spindle microtubules that make up the kinetochore-fiber.

137 rather than sliding microtubules within the kinetochore-fiber.

138 re, we use microneedles to pull on mammalian kinetochore-fibers and probe how sustained force regulat

139 Finally, we observe that kinetochore-fibers break but do not detach from kinetoch

140 We show that force lengthens kinetochore-fibers by persistently favoring plus-end pol

141 Kinetochore-fibers cannot be reconstituted in vitro, and

142 In mammalian cells, kinetochore-fibers connect chromosomes to the spindle.

143 The dynamic spindle anchors kinetochore-fibers in space and time to move chromosomes

144 Further, pulled kinetochore-fibers pivot around poles but not chromosome

145 Sister, but not neighbor, kinetochore-fibers remain tightly coupled, restricting c

146 Pulling on kinetochore-fibers reveals the preservation of local arc

147 of the outermost fibrous corona layer of the kinetochore following microtubule attachment.

148 distinct assembly pathway specialize meiotic kinetochores for successful gametogenesis.

149 omeres define the chromosomal position where kinetochores form to link the chromosome to microtubules

150 oocytes exhibit centromere fusions, ectopic kinetochore formation and abnormal exchange of chromatin

151 We found that prior to kinetochore formation, Bub3 is complexed with BuGZ but n

152 cient to trigger centromere decompaction and kinetochore fragmentation.

153 he CENP-H/I/K complex assembles and promotes kinetochore function are poorly understood.

154 H/I/K complex assembly at the centromere and kinetochore function.

155 above by affecting microtubule dynamics and kinetochore function.

156 mutants to define how CENP-F contributes to kinetochore function.

157 al proliferation, cell-cycle, and centromere/kinetochore genes.

158 lity of inactive Mad2 at and near unattached kinetochores, governs checkpoint strength.

159 This arrests the cell cycle until all kinetochores have been stably captured by microtubules.

160 x (Ctf19c) forms the centromeric base of the kinetochore in budding yeast.

161 study reveals an oocyte-specific function of kinetochores in acentrosomal spindle bipolarization in m

162 s, and that CCNB1 is recruited to unattached kinetochores in an MPS1-dependent fashion through intera

163 The localization of Ipl1 to kinetochores in budding yeast depends upon multiple path

164 abilizes Bub3 and promotes Bub3 loading onto kinetochores in early mitosis, which, in turn, facilitat

165 Kinetochores in mammalian oocytes are subjected to speci

166 his ensures that both NPCs in interphase and kinetochores in mitosis can generate anaphase inhibitors

167 a protein known for recruitment of dynein to kinetochores in mitosis, as a key factor required for dy

168 on KNL1, which removes SAC proteins from the kinetochore, including the BUB complex.

169 The human TOG protein, chTOG, localizes to kinetochores independent of microtubules by interacting

170 upregulated factors including Prc1 supports kinetochore-independent pathways for spindle bipolarizat

171 ns female meiosis, anaphase is mediated by a kinetochore-independent pushing mechanism with microtubu

172 However, kinetochores initially bind to microtubules indiscrimina

173 of R-loops at CEN contributes to defects in kinetochore integrity and CIN.

174 The kinetochore is a macromolecular structure that assembles

175 The inner kinetochore is assembled on CENP-A nucleosomes and has b

176 emporal regulation of phosphorylation at the kinetochore is essential for accurate chromosome alignme

177 major microtubule-binding activities in the kinetochore is mediated by the conserved Ndc80 complex (

178 During meiosis, the kinetochore is restructured to accommodate a specialized

179 Early in mitosis, kinase activity at kinetochores is high to promote attachment turnover, and

180 localises to an expanded region of the outer kinetochore, known as the corona, where it scaffolds the

181 rising to identify transcripts of structural kinetochore (KT) proteins and regulatory chromosome pass

182 In mitosis, while the importance of kinetochore (KT)-microtubule (MT) attachment has been kn

183 y large pulling forces that are generated by kinetochores (KTs) during chromosome segregation.

184 itutive association of Cdc5 with Cse4 at the kinetochore leads to growth defects.

185 as a GLEBS domain, which is required for its kinetochore localization as well, presumably mediated th

186 3 pathway in maintaining the balance between kinetochore localization of Ipl1 and PP1, a balance that

187 ease from NPCs and that this is required for kinetochore localization of Mad1-C-Mad2 and robust SAC s

188 a series of mutants to demonstrate that BuGZ kinetochore localization requires only its core GLEBS do

189 binant Spindly faithfully resulted in robust kinetochore localization.

190 pletion of Bub3 results in reduced levels of kinetochore-localized Ipl1 and concomitant massive chrom

191 mic regulation of MPS1 catalytic activity by kinetochore-localized PP2A-B56 is thus critical for cont

192 s low-tension attachments by phosphorylating kinetochores, low-tension attachments are intrinsically

193 The loss of kinetochore MAD2 was dependent on APC/C(CDC20), indicati

194 The kinetochore mediates this connection and ensures it pers

195 o-PLK4 (pPLK4) is cleaved and distributed to kinetochores (metaphase and anaphase), spindle midzone/c

196 Each kinetochore microtubule has one (rarely, two) Dam1C/DASH

197 atocyte anaphase A does not stem solely from kinetochore microtubule shortening.

198 error correction, without affecting overall kinetochore microtubule stability.

199 s kinetochore substrates to correct improper kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachments, whereas ten

200 indle length fluctuations can occur when the kinetochore-microtubule attachment lifetime is long.

201 ate that Hec1 tail phosphorylation regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachment stability independent

202 ure of chromosome congression independent of kinetochore-microtubule attachment stability.

203 s residence time on microtubules and enhance kinetochore-microtubule attachment strength.

204 microtubules to establish force-transducing kinetochore-microtubule attachments and 2) regulating th

205 Kinetochore-microtubule attachments are essential to dir

206 romotes Dam1c oligomerization to ensure that kinetochore-microtubule attachments are stabilized as ki

207 Incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments during mitosis can l

208 itment to kinetochores and for generation of kinetochore-microtubule attachments in human cells.

209 fer to reveal the architecture of individual kinetochore-microtubule attachments in human cells.

210 o protect centromeric cohesion and stabilise kinetochore-microtubule attachments in yeast and mouse m

211 The stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments is fine-tuned to pre

212 occur at mitotic entry, the establishment of kinetochore-microtubule attachments leads to spatial chr

213 o and evicted from these regions to regulate kinetochore-microtubule attachments remains unclear.

214 crotubule dynamics but accumulates erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments that are not destabi

215 efective chromosome congression and aberrant kinetochore-microtubule attachments which in turn promot

216 on destabilizes astral microtubules, but not kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and chromosome alig

217 (PP1), which silences the SAC and stabilizes kinetochore-microtubule attachments, how these distinct

218 c MCAK to discriminate correct vs. incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments, thereby promoting m

219 tubulin accumulates on correct, more stable, kinetochore-microtubule attachments.

220 icated in both stabilizing and destabilizing kinetochore-microtubule attachments.

221 e, we report that the evolutionarily ancient kinetochore-microtubule coupling machine, the KMN (Knl1/

222 tochore components and so releasing aberrant kinetochore-microtubule interactions.

223 n motors provide the molecular forces at the kinetochore-microtubule interface and along the spindle

224 les is strongly influenced by factors at the kinetochore-microtubule interface such as Fin1 and Dam1,

225 In small spindles, kinetochore microtubules (KMTs) connect directly with th

226 focused on the dynamics and organization of kinetochore microtubules, that is, on the region between

227 mains tethered to centrosomes by lengthening kinetochore microtubules, which are under tension, sugge

228 flexible ImageJ2/Fiji pipelines to quantify kinetochore misalignment at metaphase plates as well as

229 ing the attachment of the mitotic spindle to kinetochores, mitotic exit, cytokinesis, licensing of DN

230 The inner and outer kinetochore modules are responsible for interacting with

231 ired to turn off the checkpoint, and how the kinetochore monitors microtubule numbers, are not known

232 bnormal spindle MT dynamics due to defective kinetochore-MT attachments.

233 for Bub1 and BubR1 interaction with Bub3 and kinetochores, much less is known regarding BuGZ's requir

234 The kinetochore must harness, transmit, and sense mitotic fo

235 composition and assembly of CenH3-deficient kinetochores of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths).

236 Accurate chromosome segregation requires kinetochores on duplicated chromatids to biorient by att

237 In budding yeast, the retention of kinetochores on dynamic microtubule tips also depends on

238 etochore-fibers break but do not detach from kinetochores or poles.

239 c assembly and unanticipated similarities in kinetochore organization between yeast and vertebrates.

240 ) inner kinetochore complex is essential for kinetochore organization in meiosis.

241 chromosome segregation, cohesin removal, and kinetochore orientation [1-7].

242 Mps1 levels were not reduced on kinetochore particles bound laterally to the sides of mi

243 Therefore, these data imply that kinetochore phosphatase regulation is critical for the S

244 responses originate from a tension-dependent kinetochore phosphorylation gradient.

245 s for how tension affects Aurora B-dependent kinetochore phosphorylation.

246 The nanoscale protein architecture of the kinetochore plays an integral role in specifying the mec

247 ird pool resides ~20 nm outside of the inner kinetochore protein CENP-C in early mitosis and does not

248 permissive to the binding of one copy of the kinetochore protein CENP-C while still retaining a close

249 sites, is both necessary and sufficient for kinetochore protein degradation.

250 est by modulating the abundance of the outer kinetochore protein KKIP5 in an Aurora B kinase- and kin

251 Directly tethering MPS1(S281A) to the kinetochore protein Mis12 bypasses this regulation and h

252 rmined by the number of 'MELT' motifs in the kinetochore protein Spc105/KNL1 and their Bub3-Bub1 bind

253 We conclude that kinetochore proteins function postmitotically in neurons

254 We found that the kinetochore proteins KNL-1 and KNL-3 are required for pr

255 d has arrived at a 'parts list' of dozens of kinetochore proteins organized into subcomplexes, the pa

256 e, and PP2A phosphatase dephosphorylates the kinetochore proteins to stabilize the attachments.

257 Kinetochore proteins were detected in synapses and axons

258 of Aurora B kinase from inner centromeres to kinetochore proximal centromeres and the core of chromos

259 Haspin phosphorylation of histone H3, and a kinetochore-proximal outer centromere pool is recruited

260 Chemical inhibition of CLK1 impairs inner kinetochore recruitment and compromises cell-cycle progr

261 , which, in turn, facilitates Bub1 and BubR1 kinetochore recruitment and spindle assembly checkpoint

262 Bub3 is required for kinetochore recruitment of Bub1 and BubR1, two proteins

263 te populations of Aurora B at the centromere/kinetochore region.

264 how that Aurora B and Bub1 at the centromere/kinetochore regulate both kinase activities one another

265 In budding yeast, meiotic kinetochore remodeling is mediated by the temporal chang

266 c slippage involves reduction of MAD2 at the kinetochores, resulting in a progressive weakening of SA

267 drite regeneration in backgrounds containing kinetochore RNAi transgenes.

268 es and molecular motors connect the poles to kinetochores, specialized protein assemblies on the cent

269 f the CPC decreases in response to the inter-kinetochore stretch that accompanies the formation of bi

270 Here, we show that the COMA inner kinetochore sub-complex physically interacts with Sli15,

271 the absence of the microtubule-binding outer kinetochore sub-complexes during meiotic prophase.

272 r results suggest the stoichiometry of outer kinetochore submodules is strongly influenced by factors

273 int, nor the phosphorylation of the Aurora B kinetochore substrates Hec1, Dsn1, and Knl1.

274 Aurora B kinase phosphorylates kinetochore substrates to correct improper kinetochore-m

275 rora B promotes the phosphorylation of other kinetochore substrates.

276 a macromolecular protein complex called the kinetochore sustains the connection between chromosomes

277 mete formation through meiosis requires that kinetochores take on new functions that impact homolog p

278 ts organization suggests that it can support kinetochore tension.

279 e at the interface of the chromosome and the kinetochore that connects to spindle microtubules in mit

280 the CENP-H/I/K complex cause dysfunction of kinetochore that leads to chromosome mis-segregation and

281 SCs incorporate more CENP-A, making stronger kinetochores that capture more spindle microtubules and

282 ique, intrinsic error correction activity to kinetochores that ensures accurate chromosome segregatio

283 We suggest that prior to its assembly at the kinetochore, the Ndc80 complex interchanges between bent

284 to Megator/Tpr restores Mad1 accumulation at kinetochores, the fidelity of chromosome segregation, an

285 osis and meiosis are dictated in part by the kinetochores, the structures on chromosomes that attach

286 p-T links centromeric Cenp-ANuc to the outer kinetochore through its HFD and N-terminal Ndc80-binding

287 Both Bub1 and BubR1 localize to kinetochores through interactions with Bub3, which are m

288 osome segregation in mitosis requires sister kinetochores to bind to microtubules from opposite spind

289 ll adapt to the changing number of signaling kinetochores to enable the SAC to approximate switch-lik

290 e proposed to function as collars that allow kinetochores to processively track the plus-end tips of

291 This may allow kinetochores to rapidly react to early attachments and m

292 Local phosphatase regulation is needed at kinetochores to silence the mitotic checkpoint (a.k.a. s

293 regation depends on the proper attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules before anaphase ons

294 nd conversion, the ill-understood ability of kinetochores to transit from lateral microtubule attachm

295 spindle poles, which exerts forces to bring kinetochores under tension.

296 antiparallel microtubule crosslinker Prc1 at kinetochores via the Ndc80 complex.

297 Bub3 and its binding partners are loaded to kinetochores, we carried out size-exclusion chromatograp

298 velopment reveal how cells restructure their kinetochores when they enter meiosis.

299 calization of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to kinetochores, which antagonizes Ipl1-mediated phosphoryl

300 Thus, the signaling activity of unattached kinetochores will adapt to the changing number of signal