ライフサイエンスコーパス: litter

1 cant effect on photodecomposition of sorghum litter.

2 remaining, and induced N accumulation in the litter.

3 always increased carbon : nitrogen ratios in litter.

4 nin ratios and lower lignin:N ratios than WT litter.

5 d microbial decomposition of newly deposited litter.

6 ere structured based on the presence of root litter.

7 increased N and phosphorus remaining of the litter.

8 s mean litter size to about nine piglets per litter.

9 its influence on the rate of N release from litter.

10 on large-scale trait variation for riparian litter.

11 placed inside deadwood, tree holes and leaf litter.

12 f clean-up operations or $8,900 per tonne of litter.

13 birth weights of singleton and of twin lamb litters.

14 female pups were recruited in the new males' litters.

15 fter having been co-housed with a mother and litter(5-9).

16 ng plastic, yet a prominent share of plastic litter accumulates on the seafloor.

17 gyres are the oceanic regions where plastic litter accumulates over long timescales, exposing surrou

18 he responses of AM fungi in a long-term leaf litter addition and removal experiment in a tropical for

19 After 13 years of monthly litter addition treatments, most of the additional SOC w

20 l minerals declined in response to long-term litter addition, suggesting that increased plant inputs

21 of organic matter derived from plants (i.e. litter) affect rates of decomposition.

22 or IVF and 73.3 +/- 8.1% for ICSI) failed to litter after embryo transfer compared to embryos from ma

23 sequence, knockout females have their second litters after shorter times and have a higher infanticid

24 stainable way on the productive performance, litter and cecal microbial counts, and improved economic

25 eased with a denser shrub layer, deeper leaf litter and higher humidity (characteristics for unmanage

26 For this, we barcoded samples of soil, litter and insects from four localities on a west-to-eas

27 eground biomass (AGB), coverage, height, and litter and negatively correlated with air temperature, t

28 hat more studies are needed to differentiate litter and rhizosphere effects within single systems to

29 Invasive plants affect soil biota through litter and rhizosphere inputs, but the direction and mag

30 analysis to examine the different effects of litter and rhizosphere of invasive plants on soil commun

31 changes in soil carbon depend on changes in litter and root inputs from plants and especially on red

32 constrained than C:nutrient ratios for both litter and soil microbial communities, suggesting that s

33 oil C storage by reducing the decay of plant litter and soil organic matter (SOM).

34 depend on the microbial processes that drive litter and soil organic matter decomposition.

35 barcode reference library for soil, poultry litter, and nest dwelling mites in the Western Palearcti

36 y, observed as early vaginal opening, larger litters, and early reproductive senescence.

37 Thus, we hypothesise that litter- and root-based loops are probably linked to gene

38 eposits) vs litter inputs (i.e. root + shoot litter) are poorly understood.

39 ased drought may have greater impacts on the litter arthropod community.

40 ion of the aqueous phase from HTC of poultry litter as a means to concentrate nutrients and its subse

41 In March 2019, we removed as much plastic litter as possible from Aldabra Atoll, a remote UNESCO W

42 gnant women are advised against handling cat litter, as maternal infection with T. gondii can be tran

43 results highlight a distinct sensitivity of litter-associated microbial communities in streams to ch

44 Litter bags and soil hot water extracts (HWE) have frequ

45 Many litter-bearing primates, though, seem to escape androgen

46 In litter-bearing species, chromosomal females passively ex

47 Here, we explore the relationship between litter breakdown and the variation in community structur

48 However, differences in litter breakdown between the BZ and the HZ were mediated

49 Here, we synthesized 1025 records of litter breakdown in streams and rivers to quantify its t

50 Litter breakdown in the streambed is an important pathwa

51 little is known about what, or who, mediates litter breakdown in this compartment and whether breakdo

52 However, most research on litter breakdown to date has focused on a small fraction

53 Temperature sensitivity of litter breakdown varied among twelve plant genera for wh

54 Litter breakdown was much faster in the BZ compared with

55 ota, Protozoa and Eumetazoa invertebrates to litter breakdown.

56 7 and TLR8 reportedly results in male-biased litters by selectively disrupting the motility of X-bear

57 fungi and were associated with decoupling of litter C and N cycling.

58 limitation may suppress decomposition of new litter C inputs, release of physicochemically protected

59 alive roots in the litterbags decreased root litter C remaining but significantly increased N and pho

60 nditions, whereby decreased decomposition of litter C was compensated by more extensive loss of miner

61 t proportion increasing with decreasing leaf litter C:P.

62 o the control, mainly due to the decrease in litter-C decomposition.

63 Moreover, leachates from plant leaf-litter can serve as an additional source of labile disso

64 birds' performance, environmental aspects of litter, cecal microbes, and economic prospects.

65 We compiled leaf litter chemistry and decay data for AM- and ECM-associat

66 Changes in litter chemistry and delta(13) C values were measured in

67 f soil nutrient cycling, litter decay rates, litter chemistry and fungal community structure to the r

68 is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition.

69 Plant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it

70 during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial ne

71 Mass loss patterns agreed with initial litter chemistry, as DM litter had higher initial N, neu

72 lts highlight the complex interactions among litter chemistry, soil biota, and minerals in mediating

73 de ones such as maximum life span or typical litter/clutch size, for 65% of threatened tetrapods.

74 air humidity, we estimated that most of the litter CO2 efflux and decay occurring in the dry season

75 of large predatory arthropods in forest leaf-litter communities altered lower trophic levels and litt

76 s) in field mesocosms replicated in the leaf-litter community of Iberian beech forests that differed

77 vantageous in the context of reducing marine litter, compared to conventional bags.

78 Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necr

79 than differences in the selective removal of litter components.

80 ccumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which the

81 rescence (EEM-PARAFAC) indicated the chicken litter contained a biologically reactive fluorescent DOM

82 er decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it respond

83 s decomposition; the earliest stages of leaf litter decay are associated with a net import of N from

84 rests, we found no significant difference in litter decay rate between mycorrhizal groups, and variat

85 in the Pinus-dominated site, only the Pinus litter decay rates were decelerated by EM fungi and were

86 sured the response of soil nutrient cycling, litter decay rates, litter chemistry and fungal communit

87 for predicting interspecific differences in litter decay within and across ecosystems.

88 perimental N deposition has slowed fine root litter decay, and increased the contribution of lignin-d

89 n and phylogeny best explaining variation in litter decay.

90 In temperate forests, AM litters decayed faster than ECM litters, with litter nit

91 trum' (PES) links biochemistry traits to the litter decomposability of different fine organs.

92 Litter decomposed more slowly in burned than in unburned

93 reflect ecological strategies of two fungal litter decomposer Gymnopus androsaceus and Chalara longi

94 e been well studied, but responses of fungal litter decomposers, which directly affect fuels, remain

95 ressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate trans

96 le ecosystem consequences through impacts on litter decomposition and further biogeochemical processe

97 sitive soil invertebrates, thereby retarding litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

98 ystem functioning by enhancing productivity, litter decomposition and resistance to natural enemies.

99 CO2 ) uptake, which depends largely on plant litter decomposition and the subsequent release of CO2 b

100 Whereas the primary controls on litter decomposition are well established, we lack a fra

101 the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter

102 n and magnitude of EM fungal effects on leaf litter decomposition have been shown to vary among studi

103 ctors contributed jointly to higher rates of litter decomposition in response to N deposition.

104 oser diversity and abundance explain reduced litter decomposition in response to stressors but not to

105 Litter decomposition is a key process contributing to th

106 Litter decomposition plays a key role in nutrient cyclin

107 However, N recycling via litter decomposition provides most of the nutrition for

108 and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi - differ in litter decomposition rates.

109 c evaluation of nonadditive effects in mixed litter decomposition studies and show that litter qualit

110 ow based on the results of a colocated woody litter decomposition study.

111 O and A soil layers when N was derived from litter decomposition than from mineral N additions (60%

112 al degradation, but they only partly explain litter decomposition under dry conditions, suggesting th

113 trophic levels and indirect impacts on leaf-litter decomposition using litter of understorey hazel,

114 results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven pr

115 large predatory arthropods strongly impacted litter decomposition, and their effect interacted with t

116 ectomycorrhizal fungi did not always hamper litter decomposition, ectomycorrhizal nitrogen uptake al

117 This increase resulted in accelerated litter decomposition, elevated soil moisture, greater so

118 al and saprotrophic fungi for nitrogen slows litter decomposition, may increase soil carbon.

119 exity in interaction with drought influenced litter decomposition, soil CO(2) efflux, mycorrhizal col

120 eorganizes belowground communities and slows litter decomposition, thereby influencing savanna fuel d

121 erature examining ectomycorrhizal effects on litter decomposition.

122 fferent forms of organic nitrogen can affect litter decomposition.

123 ny significant effects of air warming on the litter decomposition.

124 ed by precipitation as the main mechanism of litter decomposition.

125 nimal and microbial decomposer diversity and litter decomposition.

126 n result in significant deceleration of leaf litter decomposition.

127 rial to fungal ratios, which also stimulated litter decomposition.

128 communities altered lower trophic levels and litter decomposition.

129 pex soil predators did not alter the rate of litter decomposition.

130 Solutions containing poultry litter-derived DOM generated similar levels of (3)DOM* a

131 ly different in solutions containing poultry litter DOM compared to solutions with SRN, indicating th

132 -out (STM KO) mice are unable to nurse their litters due to frank impairment of mammary gland develop

133 that in turn stimulate nutrient release via litter effect, and enhance nutrient uptake by reducing r

134 es, though, seem to escape androgen-mediated litter effects, begging why?

135 wever, monkeys born into same- and mixed-sex litters exhibited subtle morphological and neurobehavior

136 albedo had lost 1.4 and 2.5% more mass than litter exposed to a low UV/high visible and low UV/low v

137 Decomposition of plant litter exposed to solar radiation appears to be a signif

138 trates that BIOs are capable of sorbing leaf litter-extracted DOM and Suwannee River Humic/Fulvic Aci

139 lved organic matter (DOM) from three poultry litter extracts was modeled to identify contributions fr

140 0 nm), and oxidized (UV-H2O2, ozone) poultry litter extracts.

141 l renewal and microbiota abundance along the litter-feeding termite Cornitermes cumulans gut compartm

142 e physicochemical properties of the gut in a litter-feeding termite, expanding our view in relation t

143 oupled from predominantly SSS-driven surface litter flammability across species; this finding needs e

144 ove species showed a significant increase in litter foliar TP and soil porewater inorganic P concentr

145 ated with C1 litter size, suggesting smaller litters following years with earlier sea-ice breakup.

146 f two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) litter for 200-d, in southern Minnesota using litterbags

147 The leading emission pathway is littering for both terrestrial and aquatic environments.

148 anisms with a decomposition experiment using litter from four abundant species (Achnatherum sibiricum

149 Specifically, diversifying plant litter from mono- to mixed-species increases decompositi

150 By weight, the composition is dominated by litter from the regional fishing industry (83%) and flip

151 Litters from ERKdko females and pup weights were reduced

152 Piglets (n = 263) were kept in litter groups or socialised pre-weaning with another lit

153 agreed with initial litter chemistry, as DM litter had higher initial N, neutral detergent fiber (ND

154 After 200-d sorghum litter had lost > 50% of its initial mass, and litter th

155 ese data demonstrate that prewean culling of litters has no benefit, trio breeding is an effective pr

156 The solar system is littered, however, with distorted polyhedra-shards of ro

157 In particular, low-quality litter in mixtures shows a significant synergistic effec

158 The accumulation of plastic litter in natural environments is a global issue.

159 from which to observe the problem of plastic litter in the marine environment, but few studies have s

160 Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliph

161 ex composition (i.e., same- or mixed-sex) of litters influences perinatal outcomes in the common marm

162 iation in soil temperature, clay content and litter input.

163 m living root inputs (i.e. rhizodeposits) vs litter inputs (i.e. root + shoot litter) are poorly unde

164 osition of leaf litter only in forests where litter inputs are highly recalcitrant.

165 d this by separately tracking living root vs litter inputs as they move through the soil food web and

166 Recalcitrant litter inputs favored the former over the latter, allowi

167 years of experimentally doubled aboveground litter inputs in a lowland tropical forest.

168 ot inputs are 2-13 times more efficient than litter inputs in forming both slow-cycling, mineral-asso

169 tion and hence the quantity and chemistry of litter inputs in terrestrial ecosystems.

170 y to differentially track its living root vs litter inputs into the soil and to assess net SOC format

171 Forest type and leaf litter inputs regulate moss abundance, but how they cont

172 High leaf litter inputs shifted microbial community composition fo

173 iotic conditions and substrate availability (litter inputs) on trace greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, we

174 tation types, possibly due to differences in litter inputs, root distributions, substrate quality, wa

175 oil, and responses to land use change, plant litter inputs, warming, CO(2) enrichment, and N fertiliz

176 ty of nonadditive effects of living root and litter inputs, which may deplete SOC pools despite great

177 l microbial communities via changes in plant litter inputs.

178 portionate quantities of chemically distinct litter, invasive plants may potentially influence the fa

179 Because mangrove leaf litter is a predictable cue to coastal habitats, chemica

180 Fine root litter is a primary source of soil organic matter (SOM),

181 Accumulation of plastic litter is accelerating worldwide.

182 nistic effects when soil fauna are absent or litter is in very late stages of decomposition (near-hum

183 fluence incident solar radiation exposure on litter is surface albedo.

184 uring the lactation period, while keeping 12 litters isolated in their home pen (control).

185 S21 and CTL19 showed significantly increased litter Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05) compared to other t

186 bial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance delta(13) C(

187 Arthropods in the leaf litter layer of forest soils influence ecosystem process

188 Direct releases of CO2 from litter layer only accounted for 19% increases in soil CO

189 ching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from litter layer to the topsoil is the major cause of rain-i

190 observed phytoplankton growth in the chicken litter leachate treatments.

191 stewater treatment facility effluent, turkey litter leachate, and concentrated river DOM did not stim

192 We tested the influence of leaf-litter leachates from Iris pseudacorus and Phragmites au

193 ailability of DOM in WWTP effluent; and leaf-litter leachates of helophytes used in bioengineering te

194 the epilithic biofilm to the inputs of leaf-litter leachates were compared to those measured using a

195 Our findings reveal an important role of litter-leached DOC input in regulating rain-induced soil

196 ch, reward contagion produced by higher leaf litter levels resulted in greater abundance of beetles i

197 We conducted a moss transplant and leaf litter manipulation experiment at three sites with paire

198 rom the dry to the wet season in a long-term litter manipulation experiment in Panama, Central Americ

199 Although we observed no clear effect of litter manipulation on trace GHG fluxes, tree species an

200 plified the positive effect of N addition on litter mass remaining.

201 f the conditional mutants were compared with litter-matched controls, global BK knockout, and wild-ty

202 overy rapidly decreased over time in surface litter material and accumulated in both shallow and deep

203 icult to retrieve as a constituent of marine litter, means of reducing its presence and impacts will

204 Across 21 experiments using 106 litters, median (95% CI) hemispheric area loss was 50.1%

205 ic effects occur concurrently, and the final litter mixing effect results from the interplay between

206 he nonadditive decomposition effects in leaf litter mixing experiments.

207 ow that litter quality alters the effects of litter mixing.

208 tum, Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis) and litter mixtures representing treatment-specific communit

209 l scale, with an average increase of 3-5% in litter mixtures.

210 the median injury in each group within each litter (n = 277, 44.5%) were also analysed using formal

211 itters decayed faster than ECM litters, with litter nitrogen and phylogeny best explaining variation

212 A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microb

213 We found that increased litter nitrogen increased tadpole survival, and also inc

214 If this recycled litter nitrogen is retained in ecosystem pools different

215 ated predictions for differential effects of litter nutrition and secondary polyphenolic compounds on

216 ing are then released by heating, to yield a litter of autonomous daughters.

217 n the lightest versus heaviest placenta in a litter of normally grown mice.

218 t impacts on leaf-litter decomposition using litter of understorey hazel, Corylus avellana.

219 We allowed 12 litters of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) to move freely bet

220 and the number and sex ratios of subsequent litters of pups.

221 n the serious detrimental effects of plastic litter on marine ecosystems, we conclude that clean-up e

222 ned the impacts of forest type and broadleaf litter on microbial community composition and N(2) -fixa

223 l fungi appear to slow decomposition of leaf litter only in forests where litter inputs are highly re

224 ch includes deposition of nutrient-rich leaf litter onto streets connected to storm drains.

225 ne intensities than those fuelled by conifer litter or weedy angiosperms, and whilst fern understorie

226 trant, nutrient poor substrates such as leaf litter or wood.

227 Islands' exposure to such contaminants, littered over long distances in marine or terrestrial ha

228 The 'size and shape spectrum' (SSS) includes litter particle size and shape and their consequent effe

229 19% and microbivore abundance by 89% through litter pathway.

230 riation in decay rates was best explained by litter phosphorus.

231 The combined mass of just the three most-littered plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, and poly

232 nsboundary nature of both the marine plastic litter problem and the ecosystem services provided by bi

233 understand the generality and efficiency of litter processing across communities.

234 e next generation of seedlings compared with litter produced by sibling groups.

235 d litter decomposition studies and show that litter quality alters the effects of litter mixing.

236 own rates is uncertain, given differences in litter quality and microbial and detritivore community r

237 Shifts in plant species composition and litter quality played a minor role compared to N-driven

238 We hypothesized that litter quality would increase with latitude (despite var

239 providing a predictive framework for linking litter quality, organic matter dynamics and nutrient acq

240 e and of traits related to growth, decay and litter quality.

241 aits on soil nitrogen mineralization through litter quality.

242 lity, most hock burn and pododermatitis) and litter quality.

243 eductions in organic matter brought about by litter removal may lead to AM fungi obtaining nutrients

244 Overall colonisation was lower in the litter removal treatment, which lacked an organic layer.

245 Plant litter represents a major basal resource in streams, whe

246 ntly increased livebirths, pup survival, and litter size compared to LPS alone.

247 creased reproductive allocation as clutch or litter size increases, affecting current and residual re

248 lastocysts to recipient females doubles mean litter size to about nine piglets per litter.

249 ecrease in birthweights and ~30% decrease in litter size was observed, supportive of placental insuff

250 s, embryonic implantation, gestation period, litter size, and offspring viability were not affected b

251 arly life stressor, we examined birthweight, litter size, maternal cannibalism, and epigenetic modifi

252 maternal food intake, maternal weight gain, litter size, or gestational length.

253 vious year was positively correlated with C1 litter size, suggesting smaller litters following years

254 on with traits including social monogamy and litter size.

255 eed intake, weight gain, farrowing rate, and litter size.

256 We did not identify any strong drivers of litter size.

257 reater fetal loss and subsequently decreased litter sizes compared to normal pregnant rats.

258 Mean litter sizes of cubs-of-the-year (C0s) and yearlings (C1

259 eficient female mice have severely decreased litter sizes owing to primary maternal dystocia that is

260 cles, decreased pregnancy rates, and reduced litter sizes.

261 females show reduced fertility with smaller litter sizes.

262 er to track decomposed N in the soil system (litter, soils, microbes, and roots) over 18 months in a

263 orest composition towards more nitrogen-poor litter species should decrease trematode infection in ta

264 e shifts also involve increased abundance of litter species with high polyphenolic levels, which shou

265 Leaf litter subsidies are important resources for aquatic con

266 The mass-imbalance between the plastic litter supplied to and observed in the ocean currently s

267 c gene therapy restores breeding efficiency, litter survival and normal growth rates in mouse models

268 fungal communities with fire were greater in litter than in soils, but unaffected by pine proximity.

269 with enhanced (13) C-enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions.

270 Genetically diverse groups produced root litter that had higher nitrogen (N) content, decomposed

271 ay enhance photodecomposition, especially in litter that stands upright for extended periods.

272 tter had lost > 50% of its initial mass, and litter that was exposed to a high UV/high visible surfac

273 bs, but extending care reduced the number of litters that mothers could produce during their lifetime

274 Discarded waste containers littered the site and structured the suboxic benthic env

275 ent resulted in a greater proportion of leaf litter, the dominant resource flow-pathway, being consum

276 our females were selected randomly from each litter to be nursed by dams, whereas tissues were collec

277 roups or socialised pre-weaning with another litter to enhance play fighting experience.

278 We used (15) N labelled litter to track decomposed N in the soil system (litter,

279 ere its decomposition is partly regulated by litter traits.

280 f EM fungi (via trenching) with a reciprocal litter transplant experiment in adjacent Pinus- or Querc

281 lation on trace GHG fluxes, tree species and litter treatments interacted to influence CH(4) fluxes f

282 e we explicitly examine how contrasting leaf litter types and EM fungal communities may lead to diffe

283 uld mediate developmental differences across litter types.

284 y with increasing rates of N addition in all litter types.

285 and a temperate cropland Mollisol-with added litter under either aerobic (control) or anaerobic condi

286 To maximise variation in play, 12 litters underwent a socialisation treatment while the re

287 g the lightest versus heaviest placenta in a litter, unidirectional maternofetal clearance (K(mf) ) o

288 y) of within-patch resource abundances (leaf litter) using an experimental landscape of mesocosms, an

289 we found that oxidative activity in surface litters was most significantly correlated to the abundan

290 s (24-36 hours old) from same- and mixed-sex litters were indistinguishable by urinary androgen profi

291 and both male and female pups from multiple litters were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100

292 cialisation treatment while the remaining 12 litters were kept isolated within their home pen (i.e. c

293 on PND 2 and 16 from six gilts across three litters were measured using LC-MS/MS.

294 A total of 175 weaned pigs from 25 litters were randomly assigned within liter to either si

295 ouse mice are highly polyandrous: 47% of 682 litters were sired by more than one male.

296 s show that all urban mammals produce larger litters; whereas other traits such as body size, behavio

297 were variable and differed within and across litters, which ranged from the absence of observable abn

298 ations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate.

299 The intervention literature is littered with many failures and some successes.

300 forests, AM litters decayed faster than ECM litters, with litter nitrogen and phylogeny best explain