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1 kilometres of lithosphere being lost to the mantle).
2 f the ancient He and W signatures in Earth's mantle.
3 s in the transition zone and uppermost lower mantle.
4 these volatile elements to Earth's crust and mantle.
5 PAL isotopic anomaly in the Indian MORB-type mantle.
6 ng the Si isotope composition of terrestrial mantle.
7 le (>4.1 Ga ago) are preserved in the modern mantle.
8 ft decompression melting of a warm, enriched mantle.
9 dritic in origin, similar to the MORB source mantle.
10 ons about their existence within the Earth's mantle.
11 of primordial mantle signatures in the deep mantle.
12 and pressures relevant to the Earth's upper mantle.
13 dy, like diamonds formed deep within Earth's mantle.
14 distinguishable from those of the convective mantle.
15 so-called superdeep diamond from the Earth's mantle.
16 rough time due to the secular cooling of the mantle.
17 ety of rock types in Earth's crust and upper mantle.
18 ing the presence of nebular neon in the deep mantle.
19 to the crust from metasomatised lithospheric mantle.
20 d most abundant mineral throughout the lower mantle.
21 composition and heterogeneity of the Earth's mantle.
22 volatiles and incompatible elements into the mantle.
23 rom essentially every neuron in the cortical mantle.
24 urring within the basal lower crust or upper mantle.
25 g 0.1-0.3 per mille heavier than that of the mantle.
26 trace Archean surficial signatures into the mantle.
27 fect circulation between the upper and lower mantle.
28 increase in resolution for the oceanic upper mantle.
29 position is distinct from that of the modern mantle.
30 t (MORB)-type mantle by the Indian MORB-type mantle.
31 eral precursors at various depths in Earth's mantle.
32 dunitic conduits cross-cutting the uprising mantle.
33 and the redox conditions of the surface and mantle.
34 20-25 km), and extremely heterogeneous upper mantle.
35 rresponding to vast regions in Earth's lower mantle.
36 ome time with the broken tooth lodged in its mantle.
37 cling of surface reservoirs down to the deep mantle(1), which makes knowledge of the water content in
40 diamond, in the reduced, volatile-poor lower mantle(2), carbon must be mobilized and concentrated to
41 glimpses of the most primitive parts of the mantle(3,4), but key questions regarding the longevity o
42 stored for long periods in the lithospheric mantle(4-6), rift CO(2) flux depends on lithospheric pro
43 phris, grey-headed T. chrysostoma, and light-mantled albatrosses Phoebetria palpebrata), we quantifie
44 de negligible sulfate to oxidize the sub-arc mantle and cannot deliver (34)S-enriched sulfur to produ
45 t at depths corresponding to the Earth upper mantle and could possibly influence the dynamics and fat
46 icted as potential Xe hosts in Earth's lower mantle and could provide the repository for the atmosphe
48 rc mantle relicts are entrained in the upper mantle and may constitute >60% of the upper mantle by vo
49 scosity and melting behaviour of the Earth's mantle and play an important role in global tectonics, m
51 a two-box model, describing the evolution of mantle and surface nitrogen through geological time.
52 fects such as the secular cooling of Earth's mantle and the biologically driven oxidation of Earth's
53 a-CAs were found in the Mediterranean mussel mantle and the most abundant form was named, MgNACR, as
54 tification of magnetic boundaries within the mantle and their contribution to observed magnetic anoma
56 anges in the composition of the lithospheric mantle and/or Ga timescales for deep crustal recycling.
57 ur results indicate abundance of CO(2) and a mantle and/or lower-middle crustal origin for at least p
59 hich lead to an overdepletion of Nb from the mantle (and a low Nb/Ta ratio) that is incompatible with
60 al buoyancy, resistance of the viscous lower mantle, and buoyancy forces associated with the phase tr
62 terogeneities that have been observed in the mantle are usually attributed to recycling during subduc
63 -altered lithosphere recycling into the deep mantle, arguably by subduction, started before 3.3 billi
64 hitecture of rodent islets, a so-called core-mantle arrangement seen in two-dimensional images, led r
66 re transported from Earth's surface into the mantle at convergent margins, where the oceanic crust su
69 may be the major cause for the Earth's upper mantle being more oxidized than Mars' and the Moon's.
70 However, the helium isotope signature of the mantle below depths of a few hundred kilometers has been
72 er cent of carbon released from the slab and mantle beneath the Costa Rican forearc is sequestered wi
73 provide new insights into the nature of the mantle beneath the southern Lau basin, adding new constr
74 an increase in the redox state of the subarc mantle between 800 and 400 Ma based on Fe(3+)/SigmaFe ra
75 smograms of waves diffracting along the core-mantle boundary and obtain a panoptic view of scattering
77 imum heat flow, around 3 TW, across the core-mantle boundary than previously expected, and thus less
78 deep-mantle reservoirs-possibly at the core-mantle boundary(4)-not all intraplate volcanoes are deep
83 due to its close similarity with terrestrial mantle (Bulk Silicate Earth, BSE) for numerous isotope s
84 n which the hydration of the uppermost lower mantle by subducted oceanic lithosphere destabilizes car
87 nique composition has resulted in widespread mantling by solidified water- and salt-rich mud-like imp
88 onsidered(14), the composition of the modern mantle can only be reconciled if the late veneer contain
89 tifying the origin of noble gases in Earth's mantle can provide crucial constraints on the source and
90 Continental rifts are important sources of mantle carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emission into Earth's atmo
91 species with a hidden life style inside the mantle cavity of their hosts largely overlooked by resea
93 hibits enhanced antiproliferative effects on mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells in vitro by degrading B
94 with the tumor microenvironment account for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells survival in lymphoid or
95 e randomized, open-label, phase III European Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Elderly trial (ClinicalTrials
101 as identified a number of novel mutations in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients including mutations
102 opoiesis in serial samples from persons with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) undergoing frontline treatmen
104 ve B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, including mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,
105 ls for patients with relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma following prior failed Bruton's tyr
106 e I/II trial (NCT00490529) for patients with mantle cell lymphoma who, having achieved remission afte
107 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or 560 mg for mantle cell lymphoma) until disease progression or unacc
109 large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and no
110 refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mantle cell lymphoma, with a recommended phase 2 dose of
111 refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or mantle cell lymphoma, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncolo
120 f diffuse CO(2) degassing exhibit increasing mantle CO(2) flux and (3)He/(4)He ratios as the rift tra
122 ng, are under-represented in compilations of mantle composition that rely on inverted basalt composit
123 cement of carbon-enriched Tanzanian cratonic mantle concentrates deep carbon below parts of the East
125 study focuses on bridgmanite, the main lower mantle constituent, and assesses its rheology by develop
127 the geometry and mechanics of 2 lobes of the mantle, constrained both by the rigid shell that they se
128 al resolution by linking measurements of the mantle convection process that generated NAIP magma with
130 a possible solution, Earth's pre-late-veneer mantle could already have contained a fraction of Ru tha
131 ow that the delta(15)N value of the silicate mantle could have increased by ~20 per mille during core
133 tribution can neither be explained by modern mantle degassing nor recycling via subduction zones.
134 nd Yellowstone (USA), we derive estimates of mantle delta(15)N (the fractional difference in (15)N/(1
135 ower (+/-20 ppm) values than the present-day mantle, demonstrating major silicate Earth differentiati
137 sotopic signatures argue for the presence of mantle derived fluids, suggesting that the active fault
139 ich indicate an intimate association between mantle-derived carbonates and sulfides in some mafic-ult
140 gold and tellurium rich magmatic sulfides in mantle-derived magmas emplaced in the lower crust share
142 along the seafloor as faulting exposes this mantle-derived material to circulating hydrothermal flui
145 uggests Bermuda sampled a previously unknown mantle domain, characterized by silica-undersaturated me
149 ies are found only in geochemically depleted mantle domains-with high (143)Nd/(144)Nd and low (206)Pb
151 n of a chondritic component to the shallower mantle during the main phase of Earth's accretion and by
153 ate that differential growth patterns in the mantle edge epithelium contribute to shell shape in gast
154 data allow extrapolations that characterize mantle endmember delta(15)N, N(2)/(36)Ar and N(2)/(3)He
156 the crust and mantle indicate coupled crust-mantle evolution for more than 2 billion years with impl
157 ing shows for the first time that superplume mantle exists beneath the rift the length of Africa from
158 ed from the crust to the asthenosphere, with mantle flow overlaid by a kinematically consistent netwo
159 epth-dependent seismic anisotropy for future mantle flow simulations, and call for further investigat
160 and tractions from plate motions or relative mantle flow, successfully predict most large-wavelength
165 n using Antarctic clam (Laternula elliptica) mantle gene expression data produced over an age-categor
168 s and the ratios of hydrogen isotopes in the mantle give insight into these processes, as well as int
171 ntle signatures from an early differentiated mantle (>4.1 Ga ago) are preserved in the modern mantle.
174 bduction of most CO(2) and suggests that the mantle has become more depleted in carbon over geologic
175 time that the inflow of the Indian MORB-type mantle has reached the southern tip of tectonic propagat
176 onfirms that the deep plume and shallow MORB mantles have remained distinct from one another for the
178 depth of the transition zone in the Earth's mantle in cold or very cold subduction geotherms, formin
179 plicate aberrant development of the cortical mantle in the pathology underlying impaired processing s
180 nts that reside primarily within the Earth's mantle, including economically important metals like nic
181 subducted, this material oxidized the subarc mantle, increasing the redox state of island arc parenta
183 s major implications for core dynamics, core-mantle interaction, and the possibility of an imminent m
184 usual geomagnetic behavior arising from core-mantle interaction, while also appearing to reduce the l
187 epth variations, this buoyant refractory arc mantle is likely compensated at depth by denser, likely
188 esolved (~3 ppm), suggesting that the entire mantle is not equally well homogenized and that some sil
189 es may explain why uncontaminated primordial mantle is so difficult to identify in recent mantle-deri
190 solar and chondritic noble gases in the deep mantle is thought to reflect the heterogeneous nature of
191 These results showed a reduced percentage of mantled islets (17% +/- 7.5%) and higher postpurificatio
193 aton construction by advective thickening of mantle lithosphere through conventional subduction-style
195 otential fluid sources (sediments, crust and mantle lithosphere) and tracing fluids from their releas
196 pite the fact that each valve, secreted by 2 mantle lobes, may present antisymmetric ornamental patte
198 ments of carbon's preference for core versus mantle materials at the pressures and temperatures of co
199 mplies that the storage capacity of H in the mantle may have been underestimated, and sheds new light
201 at show similar geochemical behaviour during mantle melting (for example, cerium) was recently found
202 ment is enhanced by lower degrees of sub-arc mantle melting and higher extents of intracrustal differ
203 ors affects the volatile partitioning during mantle melting and subsequent volatile speciation near t
204 y mantle domains, which contribute little to mantle melting, are under-represented in compilations of
205 t plays a critical role in the processing of mantle melts and the triggering of volcanic eruptions by
210 tions are an excellent tracer of the rate of mantle mixing and thus a potential tracer of plate tecto
211 mafic and ultramafic compositions, we use a mantle-mixing model to show that this trend is consisten
213 y acid profiles of the ovary to those of the mantle muscle (slow turnover rate tissue, representing a
214 ty of myofibrillar proteins from Jumbo squid mantle muscle along with the addition of isoascorbic aci
215 d, with the similarity of fatty acids in the mantle muscle and the ovary increasing during maturation
216 (20)Ne/(22)Ne ratio for the primordial plume mantle of 13.23 +/- 0.22 (2 standard deviations), which
217 g-standing dogma that the rodent islet has a mantle of non-beta-cells and that the islet is completel
220 icate that aqueous fluids entering the upper mantle or lower oceanic crust are trapped in olivine as
222 n gases, previously regarded as indicating a mantle origin for nitrogen(7-10), in fact represent domi
227 markably similar to olivines within deformed mantle peridotites, but inconsistent with an origin from
228 rypton and xenon isotopes in the Yellowstone mantle plume are found to be chondritic in origin, simil
229 re, such as those measured directly over the mantle plume at Loihi Seamount to the SE of Hawaii Islan
233 e distinct (20)Ne/(22)Ne ratios between deep mantle plumes and mid-ocean-ridge basalts, which is best
234 present neon isotope measurements from deep mantle plumes that reveal (20)Ne/(22)Ne ratios of up to
236 from in situ Gulf of Oman oceanic crust and mantle presently subducting northwards beneath the Euras
237 ues relative to estimates for the convective mantle provided by mid-ocean-ridge basalts(11), consiste
238 io and a late retention of HSEs in the lunar mantle provides a realistic explanation for the apparent
239 ese reveal that serpentine-that is, hydrated mantle rather than crust or sediments-is a dominant supp
240 te tectonics and mantle dynamics necessitate mantle recycling throughout Earth's history, yet direct
242 r results suggest that highly refractory arc mantle relicts are entrained in the upper mantle and may
246 antially greater than that of the convective mantle, resembling surface components(12-15), its N(2)/(
247 s reveal a long-lived and globally extensive mantle reservoir that underwent subsequent disruption, p
248 though many intraplate volcanoes sample deep-mantle reservoirs-possibly at the core-mantle boundary(4
249 ined by an excessive folding of the cortical mantle resulting in small gyri with a fused surface.
250 rated during the serpentinization of exhumed mantle rocks drive the extensive occurrence of gas hydra
253 om metasomatised subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), whereas after 107 Ma, melt predominantly
254 uld provide good explanations for some lower-mantle seismic heterogeneities with different length sca
255 ally well homogenized and that some silicate mantle signatures from an early differentiated mantle (>
257 o 200 kelvin) than it is today, and that its mantle sluggishly deforms in the dislocation creep regim
258 isotopic compositions match those of Earth's mantle, so EC-like asteroids might have contributed thes
259 , estimates of the H(2)O content of the MORB mantle source based on H(2)O in abyssal peridotites can
260 t kimberlites do not derive from a primitive mantle source but sample the same geochemically depleted
262 that a less degassed, high-(3)He/(4)He deep mantle source infiltrates the transition zone, where it
263 Hf) in these lavas require derivation from a mantle source that is geochemically depleted by melt ext
265 ess of chlorine and depletion of lead in the mantle sources of komatiites, these results indicate tha
269 to show that this trend is consistent with a mantle stirring time of about 400 My since the early Had
270 ing much of the Tyrrhenian basin's uppermost mantle structure and its extension mimics the paleogeogr
271 nt detailed constraints on crustal and upper mantle structure from wide-angle seismic data across the
272 sition zone to slab dehydration in the lower mantle supports a lower-mantle barrier for carbon subduc
273 sediments and formation of low-albedo gravel-mantled surfaces leads to an increase in near-surface wi
274 and crustal thickness have been ascribed to mantle temperature variations affecting degree of meltin
275 range of isotopic values that are typical of mantle that has experienced little or no crustal interac
276 d the penetration of the slab into the lower mantle; the role of plate tectonics remains unclear, owi
278 e carries volatiles, notably water, into the mantle through subduction at convergent plate boundaries
280 tes cycling of volatiles and metals from the mantle to the lower-to-mid continental crust, which leav
281 ther, they are depositional points along the mantle-to-upper crust pathway of magmas and hydrothermal
283 verlain by a homogeneous silicate convecting mantle underneath an evolving heterogeneous lithospheric
286 spectively) to study serpentinization in the mantle wedge and shallow serpentine alteration to authig
288 t evidence of recycled supra-subduction zone mantle wedge peridotite dredged from the Mid-Atlantic Ri
289 eismic heterogeneities detected in the lower mantle were proposed to be related to subducted oceanic
290 ickened oceanic crust in the uppermost lower mantle west of the Sea of Okhotsk by stacking seismic wa
291 ve delta(34)S and is subducted into the deep mantle, which could cause a long-term increase in the de
292 s in contrast with the origin of neon in the mantle, which exhibits an isotopic dichotomy between sol
293 a metal-rich core is enclosed by a silicate mantle, which is itself overlain by a crust containing a
294 lining, the mind interprets it as a "whole" mantle, which may have further led to widely accepted no
295 ation of miRNAs profiles expressed in oyster mantle, which might facilitate understanding the intrica
296 y identified miRNAs and miRNA-targets in the mantles, which organ could produce white, golden, black
297 otonograms revealed multiple proteins in the mantle with alpha-CA hydratase activity and mapped to a
298 at conditions relevant to the Earth's upper mantle, with important implications for the transport of
300 rm and are colder than the great majority of mantle xenoliths from similar depth in the same kimberli