ライフサイエンスコーパス: medial temporal lobe

1 ssociated with increased (18)F-AV1451 in the medial temporal lobe.

2 executive networks, and striatum) and/or the medial temporal lobe.

3 d to the hippocampus or large lesions of the medial temporal lobe.

4 ty between these regions as well as with the medial temporal lobe.

5 on between these regions as well as with the medial temporal lobe.

6 breakdown of the BBB in the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe.

7 pital cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and medial temporal lobe.

8 orbital frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and medial temporal lobe.

9 interference resolution throughout the human medial temporal lobe.

10 is replay was associated with ripples in the medial temporal lobe.

11 be, cingulate cortex, fusiform, putamen, and medial temporal lobe.

12 osis, are localized to neocortex rather than medial temporal lobe.

13 on-carriers, with trend-level effects in the medial temporal lobe.

14 vulnerable to the AD process, including the medial temporal lobe.

15 scan times and does not show laminae in the medial temporal lobe.

16 ently associated with imaging changes in the medial temporal lobe.

17 ward pathway are dopaminergic targets in the medial temporal lobe.

18 ges in both visual association areas and the medial temporal lobe.

19 ation areas first and then propagates to the medial temporal lobe.

20 ories, and less sparse than elsewhere in the medial temporal lobe.

21 fimbria-fornix in regions located within the medial temporal lobe.

22 al cortex, angular gyrus, posterior MTG, and medial temporal lobes.

23 y engage the two information pathways in the medial temporal lobes.

24 likely draws on neural resources outside the medial temporal lobes.

25 y IEDs, with the strongest modulation in the medial temporal lobe (33 of 416) and in particular the r

26 interconnected with memory structures in the medial temporal lobe [4].

27 elatively less pronounced involvement of the medial temporal lobe, abnormal cerebrospinal fluid amylo

28 compared with incorrect retrieval, with the medial temporal lobe acting as a hub for these interacti

29 Although single neurons in the medial temporal lobe activate to represent locations in

30 iduals with notably focal involvement of the medial temporal lobe and a slow steady progression, like

31 r binding that was confined primarily to the medial temporal lobe and adjacent neocortical regions.

32 haviour relationships (i.e. episodic memory: medial temporal lobe and angular gyrus; semantic memory:

33 tions between rather than within the visual, medial temporal lobe and default mode networks, whereas

34 Therefore, medial temporal lobe and dorsal striatum structures appe

35 Medial temporal lobe and hippocampal subfields were quan

36 ween hippocampal area CA1 and regions of the medial temporal lobe and midbrain during extended blocks

37 The representational formats of medial temporal lobe and neocortex are sufficient to det

38 sociations of olfactory tract integrity with medial temporal lobe and posterior cortical structures.

39 e cell types that have been described in the medial temporal lobe and posterior parietal cortex, disc

40 rability in women is not just limited to the medial temporal lobe and significantly contributed to gr

41 ight the importance of phase coding in human medial temporal lobe and suggest that different brain re

42 with localised volume loss in the thalamus, medial temporal lobe and temporal neocortex.

43 inal cortex sits at the boundary between the medial temporal lobe and the ventral visual pathway.

44 case of bilateral, symmetrical damage to the medial temporal lobe and well-documented memory impairme

45 icits across studies, suggesting multi-focal medial temporal lobe and/or prefrontal cortex dysfunctio

46 r's disease, there is focal tauopathy in the medial temporal lobes and adjacent cortices.

47 dependent on the engagement of the posterior medial temporal lobes and eloquent cortex.

48 FC as part of a memory network including the medial temporal lobes and hippocampus.

49 Based on evidence that the medial temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex represent co

50 eflected through increased activation in the medial temporal lobes and prefrontal cortex, and more co

51 he midbrain, basal ganglia, basal forebrain, medial temporal lobe, and discrete cortical regions.

52 n the posterior cingulate gyrus, lateral and medial temporal lobe, and occipital lobe as well as caud

53 receive inputs from extrastriate cortex, the medial temporal lobe, and three subcortical structures (

54 GNIFICANCE STATEMENT Subregions in the human medial temporal lobe are critically involved in episodic

55 during deep sleep and that the thalamus and medial temporal lobe are involved in establishing the mn

56 These formats are not only determined by medial temporal lobe areas, but essentially also by the

57 dentified extensive regions in the bilateral medial temporal lobes as well as the bilateral posterior

58 taneous fluctuations in neural firing in the medial temporal lobe, as well as in the mid-to-anterior

59 rment highlights aberrant development in the medial temporal lobe associated with the occurrence of p

60 Associations between cognition, medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), lesion volumes, and

61 g (n = 35) by using the Scheltens' scale for medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), the Koedam's scale f

62 mpal atrophy (RR=2.59, 95% CI=1.95 to 3.44), medial temporal lobe atrophy (RR=2.11, 95% CI=1.70 to 2.

63 n computed tomography, and 0.91 and 0.89 for medial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imagi

64 nes have also recommended the application of medial temporal lobe atrophy rating.

65 , bicaudate index, global cortical (GCA) and medial temporal lobe atrophy scores and single voxel (ba

66 on4, abnormal CSF tau level, hippocampal and medial temporal lobe atrophy, entorhinal atrophy, depres

67 INTERPRETATION: Medial temporal lobe AV-1451 uptake distinguishes AD dem

68 Medial temporal lobe AV-1451 uptake distinguishes AD dem

69 ntified regions in the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe believed to be important for each o

70 ut of 37 regions of interest, especially the medial temporal lobe (beta=0.66-0.76, t=3.90-5.58, FDR-c

71 r gray matter reductions over 6 years in the medial temporal lobes bilaterally.

72 boratory settings, the hippocampus and other medial temporal lobe brain structures have been shown to

73 s on the medial frontal cortex (MFC) and the medial temporal lobe, but it remains unknown how these s

74 diversity of spatial coding across the human medial temporal lobe by recording neuronal activity duri

75 ogy in either the medial diencephalon or the medial temporal lobes can result in profound anterograde

76 a positive covariance with metabolism in the medial temporal lobe, cerebellum, brainstem, basal gangl

77 mical changes in the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe circuitry-brain areas that are impo

78 ectivity within specific elements of frontal-medial temporal lobe circuits, with a central role for t

79 ons for future experience within neocortical-medial temporal lobe circuits.

80 ng experiences, typical neurons in the human medial temporal lobe code for a considerable range of ob

81 me and greater glucose hypometabolism in the medial temporal lobe compared with the other CN groups.

82 Stimulations in the medial temporal lobe components of the DN evoked relativ

83 related to a loss of structural stability in medial temporal lobe connectivity in a way that matched

84 differences in the salience network and the medial temporal lobe contribute to memory impairment in

85 mal rejection of a single-process account of medial temporal lobe contributions to recognition memory

86 tive activation in the ipsilateral posterior medial temporal lobe correlated with worse postoperative

87 evealed focal hippocampal atrophy within the medial temporal lobes, correlative atrophy in the mediod

88 rior work has implicated the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe cortex in memory for temporal infor

89 pecific to the hippocampus, and not found in medial temporal lobe cortex, category-selective areas of

90 dic memory propose a division of labor among medial temporal lobe cortices comprising the parahippoca

91 (DG), and the subiculum as well as adjacent medial temporal lobe cortices in healthy carriers and no

92 s implicated the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe cortices in support of recognition

93 However, the nature of contributions of medial temporal lobe cortices to downstream hippocampal

94 xed recognition signaling distributed across medial temporal lobe cortices.

95 estigations have reported that patients with medial temporal lobe damage exhibit an abnormally large

96 Medial temporal lobe dependent cognitive functions are h

97 revealing a mechanism by which IEDs disrupt medial temporal lobe-dependent declarative memory retrie

98 ork and was predicted by a common profile of medial temporal lobe downregulation involving the anteri

99 memory function to the ipsilateral posterior medial temporal lobe due to the underlying disease, sugg

100 dean distance to the goal are encoded by the medial temporal lobe during navigation.

101 ea that such changes are merely secondary to medial temporal lobe dysfunctions is challenged.

102 e and CCD was most prevalent in the anterior medial temporal lobe (entorhinal and perirhinal cortices

103 We studied 33 patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy (16 left) before, 3 and 12

104 We studied 36 patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy (19 right) before and 3 an

105 We studied 46 patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe epilepsy (25/26 left hippocampal sc

106 Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with

107 e induced neuronal loss and axonal damage in medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) may lead to the dev

108 Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common f

109 gs establish further parallels between human medial temporal lobe epilepsy and a naturally occurring

110 Humans with medial temporal lobe epilepsy present with white matter

111 vity dynamics before spontaneous seizures in medial temporal lobe epilepsy.

112 ory systems in the parahippocampal gyrus and medial temporal lobe, especially involving the perirhina

113 Beyond the medial temporal lobe, event-specific reactivation was fo

114 associated with TDP-43, starting within the medial temporal lobe, followed by early involvement of t

115 tive activation in the ipsilateral posterior medial temporal lobe for encoding words correlated with

116 howed increased functional coupling with the medial-temporal lobe, for remembered objects only.

117 ubjects with LATE-NC also had atrophy in the medial temporal lobes, frontal cortex, and other brain r

118 ngs indicate that the PACAP system modulates medial temporal lobe function in humans.

119 memory system with a particular emphasis on medial temporal lobe function.

120 en single-process and dual-process models of medial temporal lobe function.

121 al ganglia (g = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.09-0.70) and medial temporal lobe (g = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.52).

122 Though memory dependent on the medial temporal lobes has been shown to drive attention,

123 Reorganization within the medial temporal lobe, however, is an efficient process.

124 even for a task that reliably activates the medial temporal lobes (i.e., autobiographical recall).

125 ngs were signal abnormalities located in the medial temporal lobe in 16 of 37 patients (43%; 95% conf

126 drawing on new insights into the role of the medial temporal lobe in auditory cognition.

127 correlated with brain tau deposition in the medial temporal lobe in MCI participants (r = 0.43 for e

128 of the functional organization of the human medial temporal lobes in which the PRC and PHC are assoc

129 The medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, has bee

130 Recordings from the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, reveal

131 ns between objects supported by the anterior medial temporal lobes, including the perirhinal cortex,

132 umed that incipient protein pathology in the medial temporal lobe instigates the loss of episodic mem

133 e, and suggests a functional explanation for medial temporal lobe involvement in visual memory for re

134 found that amyloid-beta accumulation in the medial temporal lobe is associated with accumulation in

135 The medial temporal lobe is critical for both spatial naviga

136 The medial temporal lobe is implicated as a key brain region

137 Binding errors support the view that the medial temporal lobe is involved in linking together dif

138 Some prominent studies have claimed that the medial temporal lobe is not involved in retention of inf

139 The medial temporal lobe is one of the most well-studied bra

140 esolved question in our understanding of the medial temporal lobes is how functional differences betw

141 studies of path integration in patients with medial temporal lobe lesions and rats with hippocampal l

142 eficit and the type of error associated with medial temporal lobe lesions remains to be fully establi

143 prising theoretical modeling, the effects of medial temporal lobe lesions, and electrophysiological s

144 ent in the early-onset group, and more focal medial temporal lobe loss in the late-onset group.

145 ignificantly lower gray matter volume in the medial temporal lobe (maximum z score = 5.2 and cluster

146 ese findings suggest that dysfunction in the medial temporal lobe may represent a very early sign of

147 etween these face patches and regions of the medial temporal lobe memory system (including the hippoc

148 unction in specific brain systems, notably a medial temporal lobe memory system and a frontostriatal

149 involve a communication dynamic between the medial temporal lobe memory system and the neocortex.

150 perirhinal cortex, two key components of the medial temporal lobe memory system, provide qualitativel

151 inciple for studying higher-level vision and medial temporal lobe memory.

152 The IT projects directly to the medial temporal lobe (MTL) [19], where neurons respond s

153 In concert with other spatial cells in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) [3-6], they provide a represe

154 two experiments, patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and healthy controls produced

155 umulating evidence points to the role of the Medial Temporal Lobe (MTL) and Medial Prefrontal Cortex

156 nial electroencephalography across the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) and neocortex during sleep an

157 eval processes, which may depend on specific medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) s

158 s were dynamically coupled between the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) and temporal association cort

159 iking responses of individual neurons in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are attenuated, delayed, and

160 ry recall-that theta power increases in left medial temporal lobe (mTL) are impaired in schizophrenia

161 It remains an intriguing question why the medial temporal lobe (MTL) can display either attenuatio

162 The medial temporal lobe (MTL) can represent information fro

163 Increased cSFS-medial temporal lobe (MTL) connectivity was associated w

164 The medial temporal lobe (MTL) contains "concept cells" that

165 collections of memory-impaired patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage who took a 25-min guid

166 nts of both sexes with unspecific unilateral medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage, one male with selecti

167 AKT1 controls important processes in medial temporal lobe (MTL) development and plasticity, b

168 Neural activity pattern reinstatement in medial temporal lobe (MTL) during the replay phase of th

169 generated from representational accounts of medial temporal lobe (MTL) function, that the major whit

170 s are uncertain, but genotype differences in medial temporal lobe (MTL) functional activity and struc

171 Recordings in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) have demonstrated the existen

172 Given the critical role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in episodic memory, age-relat

173 the hippocampal formation located within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in primates.

174 The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a locus of episodic memory

175 The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is an early site of tau accum

176 The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is believed to support episod

177 Neural circuitry in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is critically involved in men

178 The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is known as the locus of spat

179 The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is known to support episodic

180 The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the first brain area to su

181 By contrast, one patient with large medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions performed poorly over

182 tients with hippocampal lesions (H) or large medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions, including patients w

183 yloid-beta on age-related changes within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system is less clear.

184 During learning we recorded from medial temporal lobe (MTL) neurons that responded to at

185 We show that among medial temporal lobe (MTL) neurons, certain populations

186 hat chronic seizures disrupting the anterior medial temporal lobe (MTL) preserve anterior and posteri

187 Using medial temporal lobe (MTL) recordings from 96 neurosurgi

188 Several models have proposed that different medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions represent different k

189 d with activations in frontal, parietal, and medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions.

190 es and study how single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) respond to the same images el

191 levated dopamine function and alterations in medial temporal lobe (MTL) structure and function are tw

192 y also demonstrated functional impairment of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures by systemic inflam

193 loid (Abeta) and tau proteins and atrophy of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures crucial to memory

194 Intense debate surrounds the role of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures in recognition mem

195 There has been interest in the idea that medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures might be especiall

196 y depend upon the hippocampus and associated medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures.

197 tocol to delineate the alERC/pmERC and other medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions.

198 disrupted functional integration across the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem of the default netw

199 edge is organized using the circuitry in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) that supports spatial process

200 ogical data indicate that tau tangles in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) underlie episodic-memory impa

201 ICANCE STATEMENT By recording from the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) while subjects recall items e

202 enual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the medial temporal lobe (MTL) with diffusion tensor imaging

203 And if so, how is this accomplished by the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a brain region intimately li

204 was associated with impaired functioning of medial temporal lobe (MTL), a brain region that is cruci

205 Neurons in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a critical area for declarat

206 ently results in reduced activity within the medial temporal lobe (MTL), and this response is believe

207 lateral parietal and posteromedial cortices, medial temporal lobe (MTL), hippocampus, and ventral pre

208 sing source reconstruction we found that the medial temporal lobe (MTL), in a location compatible wit

209 It is debated whether subregions within the medial temporal lobe (MTL), in particular the hippocampu

210 nctional divisions between structures in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), in particular the perirhinal

211 sed HFA in the left hemisphere including the medial temporal lobe (MTL), left inferior frontal gyrus,

212 emonstrate functional segregation within the medial temporal lobe (MTL), showing domain specificity i

213 rom the medial parietal cortex (MPC) and the medial temporal lobe (MTL), structures known to be engag

214 er MDMA, and this was localized to the right medial temporal lobe (MTL), thalamus, inferior visual co

215 ns is thought to depend on structures in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), whereas associations learned

216 How is such demand met by neurons in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which plays a fundamental ro

217 ay lead to memory loss through disruption of medial temporal lobe (MTL)-dependent memory systems.

218 al substrates in the striatum and not on the medial temporal lobe (MTL).

219 een the RSC and memory structures within the medial temporal lobe (MTL).

220 d by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and medial temporal lobe (MTL).

221 he activity of neuronal ensembles within the medial temporal lobe (MTL).

222 with reduced glucose metabolism of the left medial temporal lobe (MTL; r(2) = 0.38) and correlated w

223 The medial temporal lobes (MTL) are known to play a crucial

224 upports the central involvement of the human medial temporal lobes (MTL) in storing and retrieving me

225 linked to differential contributions of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) to episode-specific memory a

226 statement of cortical representations by the medial temporal lobes (MTL).

227 The hippocampus and surrounding medial-temporal-lobe (MTL) structures are critical for b

228 in memory, relies on subregions in the human medial temporal lobes (MTLs).

229 We find that suppression in a medial temporal lobe network changes trial-by-trial in p

230 We recorded medial temporal lobe neuronal activity as epilepsy patie

231 In the medial temporal lobes, non-amnestic patients had less at

232 The marked atrophy of the medial temporal lobe observed in AD patients may explain

233 dings with cell-type-specific imaging in the medial temporal lobe of cognitively assessed, aged rhesu

234 of interconnected structures located in the medial temporal lobe of the mammalian brain.

235 nal magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the medial temporal lobes of monkeys and humans, respectivel

236 fully characterize the effects of DBS in the medial temporal lobe on human memory.

237 bilateral anterior cingulate, frontal pole, medial temporal lobe, opercular cortex and right orbitof

238 a nigra and ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), medial temporal lobe, or subsequent memory performance.

239 tal, lateral parietal, lateral temporal, and medial temporal lobes (P < .05, familywise error correct

240 In anterior cingulate cortex, insula, medial temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, striatum, a

241 ive persistently active neurons in the human medial temporal lobe phase lock to ongoing slow-frequenc

242 The medial temporal lobes play an important role in episodic

243 Lower glucose metabolism in the left medial temporal lobe predicted by HOMA-IR was significan

244 pendent increases in connectivity within the medial temporal lobe predicted improved performance of a

245 The medial temporal lobes, prefrontal cortex and parts of pa

246 itofrontal cortex and a key component of the medial temporal lobe-prefrontal cortex circuit.

247 ps, we found that the resulting imbalance of medial temporal lobe-prefrontal cortex connectivity part

248 Encoding activity in the medial temporal lobe, presumably evoked by the presentat

249 d-beta] in AD, which typically begins in the medial temporal lobe progressing along the cortical defa

250 ssociation was especially robust in the left medial temporal lobe (R2 = 0.178).

251 and conduct detailed 3D measurements in the medial temporal lobe region.

252 ng than in other hippocampal (e.g., CA3) and medial temporal lobe regions (e.g., entorhinal cortex).

253 ivity of the posterior cingulate cortex with medial temporal lobe regions (mean [SD] parameter estima

254 lt was robust against various thresholds and medial temporal lobe regions defining elevated tau.

255 ral alterations in the hippocampus and other medial temporal lobe regions have been observed in schiz

256 g memories from awareness not only modulates medial temporal lobe regions involved in explicit retent

257 nctional connectivity between these distinct medial temporal lobe regions with the ventral tegmental

258 rk" (CRN) centered on posterior parietal and medial temporal lobe regions, but the temporal dynamics

259 n a sample of human patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe resection that included the amygdal

260 Adults with right (n = 13) or left (n = 5) medial temporal lobe resections were compared with demog

261 these results show that many neurons in the medial temporal lobe signal the subjects' perceptual dec

262 ve of accumulation of early tauopathy in the medial temporal lobe, specifically in the entorhinal cor

263 The amygdala is a medial temporal lobe structure implicated in social and

264 In contrast, medial temporal lobe structures (perirhinal cortex, amyg

265 on to ipsilateral posterior or contralateral medial temporal lobe structures does not underpin better

266 Our results demonstrate the importance of medial temporal lobe structures for memory and raise dou

267 The hippocampus and other medial temporal lobe structures have been linked to both

268 cortex (POR) are heavily interconnected with medial temporal lobe structures involved in learning and

269 We tested the hypothesis that although medial temporal lobe structures may support reactivation

270 LATE-NC appears to affect the medial temporal lobe structures preferentially, but othe

271 predominantly focus on the contributions of medial temporal lobe structures, based on extensive lesi

272 y following a bilateral surgical ablation of medial temporal lobe structures, including the hippocamp

273 y others there was activation in lateral and medial temporal lobe structures, posterior cingulate cor

274 , in part, from declines in the integrity of medial temporal lobe structures, such as the hippocampus

275 arietal cortex, the posterior cingulate, and medial temporal lobe structures, with responses in the h

276 f selected regions of the limbic system, the medial temporal lobe structures-the hippocampus and amyg

277 pends on associative mechanisms supported by medial temporal lobe structures.

278 ization of memory representations within the medial temporal lobe system.

279 The medial temporal-lobe system is essential for the formati

280 g views of how this region may interact with medial temporal lobe systems involved in configural obje

281 ), recordings of single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe, taken as subjects' discriminated o

282 ion-sleep spindle coupling predicted greater medial temporal lobe tau burden.

283 o Alzheimer disease pathology, including the medial temporal lobe, temporal-parietal association cort

284 ndary-anchored neural representations in the medial temporal lobe that are modulated by one's own as

285 ealed bilaterally symmetrical lesions of the medial temporal lobe that eliminated the temporal pole,

286 europathology was extensive and involved the medial temporal lobe, the diencephalon, cerebral cortex,

287 ting widespread brain regions, including the medial temporal lobe, thereby allowing a progressive sta

288 Within the medial temporal lobe, this reactivation was observed in

289 uptake in key regions implicated in memory (medial temporal lobes), visuospatial function (occipital

290 In ventral/medial temporal lobe (VMTL) structures, incidental react

291 stage 2 + 3 participants had greater loss of medial temporal lobe volume and greater glucose hypometa

292 s subgroup, [(11)C]flumazenil DeltaVT in the medial temporal lobe was correlated with positive sympto

293 Volumetric reduction in the medial temporal lobe was correlated with PS symptom seve

294 ms, and baseline [(11)C]flumazenil VT in the medial temporal lobe was negatively correlated with visu

295 c schizophrenia, whereas elevated Glx in the medial temporal lobe was seen with chronic schizophrenia

296 had greater activation in the left posterior medial temporal lobe when successfully encoding words po

297 mporal gyrus cortices) are components of the medial temporal lobe, which is critical for long-term me

298 increased tracer retention in regions of the medial temporal lobe, which predicted worse episodic mem

299 urons in the human medial frontal cortex and medial temporal lobe while subjects held up to three ite

300 s suggest that sensory cues proceed into the medial temporal lobe within the first 500 ms.