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1 r response to a change from free chlorine to monochloramine.
2 and in UV and UV/H(2)O(2) in the presence of monochloramine.
3 serves cellular viability in the presence of monochloramine.
4  IEC-18 cells showed increased resistance to monochloramine.
5 re observed only in C2/AS cells treated with monochloramine.
6 with 90-m long PVC pipes containing residual monochloramine.
7  effluents and compared against chlorine and monochloramine.
8 vity gradually resumed upon a switch back to monochloramine.
9 switching disinfectant from free chlorine to monochloramine.
10 isinfectant changeover from free chlorine to monochloramine.
11 understood, in particular in the presence of monochloramine.
12                     The protective effect of monochloramine against legionella should be confirmed by
13 rformed of the virucidal efficacy of PAA and monochloramine against murine norovirus (MNV) and MS2 ba
14 ed at CT values of less than 50 mg-min/L for monochloramine and 200 mg-min/L for PAA.
15  higher than N-chloroacetamide under typical monochloramine and acetaldehyde concentrations.
16 ino acid and alpha-monochloramine, and alpha-monochloramine and aldehyde were confirmed by high press
17                   The effects of pH, initial monochloramine and bromide ion concentrations, phosphate
18 ation and decomposition from the reaction of monochloramine and bromide ion.
19 ion rate constants were then used to predict monochloramine and bromochloramine concentration profile
20 dichloroacetamide, from the reaction between monochloramine and dichloroacetaldehyde via the aldehyde
21      This study evaluated the penetration of monochloramine and free chlorine into a 2 cm (20000 mum)
22                          This study compared monochloramine and hydrogen peroxide as chemical bromate
23                                  On average, monochloramine and hydrogen peroxide resulted in an 80%
24 sulting product, nitrite, can be oxidized by monochloramine and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), potentially
25                         The reaction between monochloramine and ranitidine followed second order kine
26  monochloramine penetration by reacting with monochloramine and reduced its concentration within biof
27  of pH, disinfectant type (free chlorine and monochloramine), and chlor(am)ine residual (CR) were exa
28 tionships between alpha-amino acid and alpha-monochloramine, and alpha-monochloramine and aldehyde we
29  8.5 in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, monochloramine, and chlorine dioxide.
30 more, reaction of N-CNTs with free chlorine, monochloramine, and ozone generated byproduct NDMA at yi
31 ing water exhibit differential resistance to monochloramine, and that the disinfection process select
32 our byproducts were identified in UV-C, UV-C/monochloramine, and UV/H(2)O(2)/monochloramine oxidation
33 res' disease than those that used water with monochloramine as a residual disinfectant (odds ratio 10
34            In drinking water chloramination, monochloramine autodecomposition occurs in the presence
35 n extended model consisting of reactions for monochloramine autodecomposition, the decay of bromamine
36 es were exposed to varying concentrations of monochloramine, bromide, and iodide in both synthetic an
37 e chlorine or a switch from free chlorine to monochloramine can cause its reductive dissolution.
38  residual disinfectant from free chlorine to monochloramine can destabilize the PbO(2(s)) and result
39  similar to those of ammonia metabolism, and monochloramine cometabolism accounted for 30% of the obs
40            The current research investigated monochloramine cometabolism by nitrifying mixed cultures
41                                    Recently, monochloramine cometabolism by the pure culture ammonia-
42                                              Monochloramine cometabolism kinetics were similar to tho
43 nking water distribution systems; therefore, monochloramine cometabolism may be a significant contrib
44              These results demonstrated that monochloramine cometabolism occurred in mixed cultures s
45  after installation (T0), in the presence of monochloramine concentration between 1.5 and 2 mg/L, 10/
46 ifferent byproducts depending on the applied monochloramine concentration.
47 e to nitrogen mass ratio, and (3) decreasing monochloramine concentration.
48 th natural water treated with labeled (15) N-monochloramine confirmed the relevance of the aldehyde p
49                      Results showed that the monochloramine decay rate increased with decreasing pH a
50  reductive dissolution, primarily induced by monochloramine decomposition, and that of chloropyromorp
51                                  Addition of monochloramine decreased the degradation rates of tramad
52 Nitrosomonas europaea, was shown to increase monochloramine demand.
53                                              Monochloramine derivatives are long lived physiological
54     Without TOTDMA, the sum of free ammonia, monochloramine, dichloramine, N(2), N(2)O, nitrite, and
55 in biofilms was also spatially influenced by monochloramine diffusion and reaction within biofilms, s
56 e of 1 year in 11 fixed sites, the impact of monochloramine disinfection on Legionella, heterotrophic
57                                The impact of monochloramine disinfection on the complex bacterial com
58 re the changes that EPS underwent during the monochloramine disinfection process.
59 ial community structure were detected during monochloramine disinfection using PMA-pyrosequencing, wh
60                            The efficiency of monochloramine disinfection was dependent on the quantit
61                          In contrast, a high monochloramine dose (250 mg L(-1) as Cl2) at pH 7.0 (the
62 or 4 months, free chlorine for 2 months, and monochloramine for 2 months.
63     The sediment was successively exposed to monochloramine for 4 months, free chlorine for 2 months,
64 full-scale drinking water filters exposed to monochloramine for a range of contact times.
65 h about 25% of municipalities in the USA use monochloramine for disinfection of drinking water, the e
66                                     Temporal monochloramine, free chlorine, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH
67 th drinking water might not have occurred if monochloramine had been used instead of free chlorine fo
68 r polymeric substances (EPS) in biofilms, as monochloramine has a selective reactivity with proteins
69      The membrane-impermeant oxidant taurine monochloramine, however, had no effect on whole cell cur
70 ever, although the transport and reaction of monochloramine in biofilm could be observed, the specifi
71                   Free chlorine or preformed monochloramine in feedwater led to the production of nit
72  values for 1-log10 MS2 reduction by PAA and monochloramine in MWW were 1254 and 1228 mg-min/L, respe
73 ing disinfection by peracetic acid (PAA) and monochloramine in secondary wastewater (WW) and phosphat
74 ed the bactericidal effectiveness of PAA and monochloramine in wastewater, but limited information is
75  different reactivity of EPS components with monochloramine influenced disinfectant penetration, biof
76 bility of IEC-18 cells to withstand oxidant (monochloramine) injury.
77 peroxidase system or HOCl, generating stable monochloramines instead.
78   The results of the present study show that monochloramine is a promising disinfectant that can prev
79 ous study, we reported that the transport of monochloramine is affected by the extracellular polymeri
80 loroacetonitrile, and (2) it was oxidized by monochloramine ( k(3) = 4.87 x 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1)) to fo
81 from the reaction of dichloracetaldehyde and monochloramine ( k(5) = 2.12 x 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1)) under
82 eophilic substitution between ranitidine and monochloramine led to byproducts that are critical inter
83 abolism may be a significant contribution to monochloramine loss during nitrification episodes in dri
84 metabolism accounted for 30% of the observed monochloramine loss.
85 us acid (HOCl), potentially leading to rapid monochloramine loss.
86  putida EPS multiplied both the time and the monochloramine mass required to achieve a full biofilm p
87 o alternative chemical disinfectants such as monochloramine may result in the formation of different
88                                              Monochloramine (MCA) is a widely used secondary disinfec
89  UV treatment in the presence and absence of monochloramine, NDMA formation potential can be halved.
90 n six important indicator contaminants, with monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) and H(2)O(2) as photo-oxidants.
91                                              Monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) is a membrane-permeant oxidant
92 yrrole-containing heterocycles revealed that monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) is an excellent reagent for thi
93  defined the cellular actions of the oxidant monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) on anion secretion in human col
94 (N(2)O), dissolved oxygen (DO), NHCl(2), and monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) were kinetically quantified.
95  organic model compounds, a DOM isolate, and monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) with Br(*) using gamma-radiolys
96 formation, quantified the stoichiometries of monochloramine (NH2Cl) and aqueous O2 consumption, deriv
97 arrestment through simultaneously increasing monochloramine (NH2Cl) and chlorine to nitrogen mass rat
98 studies have shown that autodecomposition of monochloramine (NH2Cl) can cause lead release from PbO2
99 f NH4(+) promotes conversion of the residual monochloramine (NH2Cl) in the permeate to dichloramine (
100           The effects of chemically prepared monochloramine (NH2Cl) on protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC
101                                 In excess of monochloramine, nucleophilic substitution between raniti
102 isinfection of drinking water, the effect of monochloramine on the occurrence of Legionnaires' diseas
103             The results showed that complete monochloramine or free chlorine penetration was not obse
104 phy (OCT) during three months of exposure to monochloramine or free chlorine.
105 acids can result in the formation of organic monochloramines or organic dichloramines, depending on t
106 disinfectant exposure, the mean stiffness of monochloramine- or free-chlorine-treated biofilms was 4
107 n UV-C, UV-C/monochloramine, and UV/H(2)O(2)/monochloramine oxidation of tramadol using MS(3) capabil
108 tes on bacterial cells, protein EPS hindered monochloramine penetration by reacting with monochlorami
109 sets representing the effect of pH, bromide, monochloramine, phosphate, and excess ammonia.
110 xidation by hydroxyl radicals in UV/H(2)O(2)/monochloramine process mineralized some of the byproduct
111 sence of monochlorammonium ion, a product of monochloramine protonation.
112                                              Monochloramine quickly reacts with chloroacetaldehyde, a
113                         However, the oxidant monochloramine rapidly decreased TER and increased manni
114                                              Monochloramine reacted quickly with dichloroacetaldehyde
115 n, from a newly identified pathway involving monochloramine reacting as a nucleophile rather than a h
116 d and bicarbonate ion were estimated for the monochloramine reaction.
117 mate carbonate buffer rate constants for the monochloramine reaction.
118 omoted biofilm cell viability by obstructing monochloramine reactive sites on bacterial cells, protei
119 and kBromine/BP-3, respectively, whereas low monochloramine reactivity was observed (kNH2Cl/BP-3 = 0.
120                                              Monochloramine reacts with acetaldehyde, a common ozone
121 ginosa) suggested that currently recommended monochloramine residual levels may underestimate the ris
122 own and Mg(2+)-supplemented) exhibit greater monochloramine resistance than Lp grown in standard medi
123 eases Lp's infectivity but also enhances its monochloramine resistance.
124 min/L for PAA and 6, 13, and 28 mg-min/L for monochloramine, respectively.
125 water quality models to simulate nitrite and monochloramine's fate.
126 e less toxic and more stable oxidant taurine monochloramine (TauNHCl).
127 ups commonly found in water disinfected with monochloramine that have been shown to be more cyto- and
128 k on the enolate by electrophilic protonated monochloramine that increases in abundance at acidic pH
129 uffer demonstrated that in waters containing monochloramine, the presence of bromide ion enhanced NDM
130 to acetonitrile and (2) was oxidized (k3) by monochloramine to produce N-chloroacetamide.
131 o-1-(chloroamino)ethanol is also oxidized by monochloramine to produce the previously unreported DBP
132 as the tendency of disinfectants, especially monochloramine, to enrich ARGs.
133                                              Monochloramine transport profiling measured by a chloram
134  that increased in relative abundance during monochloramine treatment include Legionella, Escherichia
135   Epithelial resistance to oxidant injury by monochloramine was determined by (51)Cr release.
136  EPS composition on bacteria disinfection by monochloramine was qualitatively determined using both w
137  extremely effective at controlling bromate, monochloramine was shown to inhibit TrOC oxidation, wher
138 survival under conditions of oxidant stress (monochloramine) was determined using (51)Cr release in h
139 tivity and contribution to susceptibility to monochloramine, we investigated the bacteria disinfectio
140 lso showed different levels of inhibition by monochloramine when tested.
141  begins with generation of an unstable alpha-monochloramine, which subsequently decomposes to yield a
142  the rate constants of chlorine, bromine and monochloramine with BP-3 were determined at various pH l
143 V exhibited comparable resistance to PAA and monochloramine with CT values for 2 log10 RT-qPCR reduct
144 action of disinfectants such as chlorine and monochloramine with organic matter may cause bladder can
145 sults suggested significant reactions of the monochloramine with peptide fragments of proteins that a

 
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