ライフサイエンスコーパス: mossy

1 interphase with most organic electrolytes, "mossy" and "lath-like" metal dendrite growth for liquid

2 results indicate that compounds that target mossy cell activity would be attractive candidates for t

3 3 region required LTP in both granule cell-->mossy cell and mossy cell-->granule cell synapses.

4 In addition, mossy fiber sprouting and mossy cell death were correlated with seizure severity.

5 mossy fiber sprouting, and (3) the extent of mossy cell death.

6 Mossy cell loss, also implicated in epileptogenesis, was

7 velopment of TLE and also support a role for mossy cell loss.

8 expressed form of long-term potentiation at mossy cell outputs, shedding light on their mysterious f

9 Although the granule cell-mossy cell synapse was strong and facilitating, mossy ce

10 citatory cell type in the dentate gyrus, the mossy cell, forms an intricate circuit with granule cell

11 ed LTP in both granule cell-->mossy cell and mossy cell-->granule cell synapses.

12 with the SSRI, fluoxetine, are abolished by mossy cell-specific knockout of p11 or Smarca3 or by an

13 of a subpopulation of hilar neurons known as mossy cells (MCs) as a prominent and dynamic source of S

14 Excitatory hilar mossy cells (MCs) in the dentate gyrus receive inputs fr

15 Mossy cells (MCs) of the dentate gyrus (DG) are a major

16 ssibly their function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mossy cells (MCs), a major cell type in the hilus of the

17 ng interneurons, a burstiness code for hilar mossy cells and a synchrony code at long time scales for

18 p11 and SMARCA3 are highly enriched in hilar mossy cells and basket cells.

19 Mossy cells are excitatory neurons in the dentate hilus

20 We find that mossy cells are significantly more active than dentate g

21 findings suggest that the granule cells and mossy cells could be modulated separately and their join

22 inguish in vivo firing properties of dentate mossy cells from granule cells during behavior.

23 s of study for decades, the contributions of mossy cells have been largely overlooked.

24 ve revealed the spatial firing properties of mossy cells in awake behaving animals, but how the activ

25 on Ca(2+) imaging to monitor the activity of mossy cells in awake, behaving mice.

26 ttle is known about the firing properties of mossy cells in freely moving animals, and it is unclear

27 classification of dentate granule cells and mossy cells in mice that we validated by optogenetic tag

28 lts provide a functional characterization of mossy cells in the behaving animal and demonstrate their

29 rt pattern separation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mossy cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) are an integral co

30 t granule cells fired very sparsely, whereas mossy cells in the hilus fired promiscuously in multiple

31 Mossy cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus constitute

32 e show that neuronal activity of hippocampal mossy cells is enhanced by chronic, but not acute, SSRI

33 f the hippocampus; namely, granule cells and mossy cells of the dentate gyrus, and pyramidal cells of

34 ells: granule cells of the granule layer and mossy cells of the hilus.

35 and local interneurons, but the influence of mossy cells on dentate function is often overlooked.

36 The impact of dentate mossy cells on hippocampal activity remained uncertain d

37 The present data establish that mossy cells play a crucial role in mediating the effects

38 We show that hilar mossy cells provide initial glutamatergic synapses as we

39 sy cell synapse was strong and facilitating, mossy cells rarely "inherited" place fields from single

40 converge on the hilus, and excitatory hilar mossy cells redistribute these signals back to granule c

41 Conversely, acute chemogenetic inhibition of mossy cells using Gi-DREADD impairs behavioral and neuro

42 rthermore, simple chemogenetic activation of mossy cells using Gq-DREADD is sufficient to elevate the

43 In contrast, mossy cells were more active, had multiple place fields

44 than in fast-spiking interneurons and hilar mossy cells, and is amplified in CA3 pyramidal cells.

45 ely examined the responses of granule cells, mossy cells, and pCA3 pyramidal cells in a local/global

46 We separately analyzed mossy cells, granule cells, and pCA3 cells and found tha

47 Robust spatial remapping of mossy cells, in contrast to sparse firing of granule cel

48 used to measure hilar ectopic granule cells, mossy cells, mossy fiber sprouting, astrogliosis, and GA

49 nd calretinin interneurons, as well as hilar mossy cells, new adult-born neurons, and recently active

50 f hilar ectopic granule cells, the number of mossy cells, the extent of mossy fiber sprouting, the ex

51 yer and pCA3 pyramidal layer can also record mossy cells, thus introducing ambiguity into the identif

52 upstream synapses between granule cells and mossy cells, with no detectable contribution from NMDA r

53 ranule cells, area CA1-3 pyramidal cells and mossy cells.

54 eristics that can identify granule cells and mossy cells.

55 lls and changes in firing field locations in mossy cells.

56 tions of DG granule neurons by glutamatergic mossy cells.

57 that we validated by optogenetic tagging of mossy cells.

58 to the distinct molecular properties of the mossy fiber (MF) and associational-commissural (AC) syna

59 ls (GrCs) and are driven both by feedforward mossy fiber (mf) and feedback GrC excitation.

60 The mossy fiber (MF) axons of the dentate granule cells conv

61 echanisms underlying information transfer at mossy fiber (mf) connections between the dentate gyrus (

62 (PFs) from granule cells (GCs) that receive mossy fiber (MF) input derived from precerebellar nuclei

63 n and are proposed to decorrelate convergent mossy fiber (MF) inputs in service of learning.

64 tivation of dentate gyrus PIIs by excitatory mossy fiber (MF) inputs induces Hebbian long-term potent

65 The mossy fiber (MF) pathway is critical to hippocampal func

66 ansmission and long-term potentiation of the mossy fiber (MF) pathway.

67 l in the hippocampal CA3 microcircuit is the mossy fiber (MF) synapse, which provides powerful direct

68 et-specific synapse formation at hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) synapses, which connect dentate granule

69 The hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) terminal is among the largest and most

70 sibility that the physiological diversity of mossy fiber (MF) to granule cell (GC) synapses in the mo

71 ngs the kinetics of KAR-mediated currents at mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses.

72 r slow channel kinetics, most prominently at mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapses in the hippocampus.

73 istry for NKCC1, KCC2, and ectopic recurrent mossy fiber (rMF) sprouting as well as telemetric electr

74 ignaling changed linearly with the number of mossy fiber action potentials.

75 term depression, single episodes of sprouted mossy fiber activation in hippocampal slices initiated b

76 ental networks, were transiently paired with mossy fiber activation in such a way that the two events

77 Patterned mossy fiber activity induces rhythmic Golgi cell activit

78 emerge in the granular layer in response to mossy fiber activity.

79 Moreover, the maturation of mossy fiber afferents from pontine neurons and the expre

80 Mossy fiber afferents to cerebellar granule cells form t

81 cell zones and the topographic targeting of mossy fiber afferents.

82 ediate heterosynaptic metaplasticity between mossy fiber and associational-commissural synapses.

83 conditioned using electrical stimulation of mossy fiber and climbing fiber afferents as CS and US, w

84 feedforward and feedback inhibition through mossy fiber and parallel fiber synapses.

85 stochemical (IHC) studies of the hippocampal mossy fiber axons and boutons using an antibody selectiv

86 tivity within granule cells was found within mossy fiber axons and giant synaptic boutons.

87 oral lobe epilepsy, sprouting of hippocampal mossy fiber axons onto dentate granule cell dendrites cr

88 vesicular zinc activates TrkB in hippocampal mossy fiber axons under physiological conditions.

89 te to the pathologic retrograde sprouting of mossy fiber axons, both hallmarks of temporal lobe epile

90 s drive retrograde sprouting of granule cell mossy fiber axons.

91 als such as the calyx of Held or hippocampal mossy fiber bouton.

92 Recordings from mouse cerebellar mossy fiber boutons show that HCN channels ensure reliab

93 o not change in adults, while presynaptic DG mossy fiber boutons undergo significant structural rearr

94 tive two-photon Ca(2+) imaging in cerebellar mossy fiber boutons, which fire at exceptionally high ra

95 unctional studies revealed a reduced size of mossy fiber boutons, with fewer synaptic vesicles and al

96 heterogeneous amplitudes observed in single mossy fiber boutons.

97 Thus, STDP can bind plasticity to the mossy fiber burst phase with high temporal precision.

98 by modulating the frequency and duration of mossy fiber bursts, probably because STDP expression inv

99 In addition, we found that mossy fiber clustering, which is a common anatomical pat

100 , we found that BDNF derived from excitatory mossy fiber endings controls their differentiation.

101 at facilitate filter construction are direct mossy fiber excitation of Golgi cells, variability of sy

102 ked phasic and spillover inhibition prior to mossy fiber excitation.

103 erved alpha7 nAChR-mediated calcium rises at mossy fiber giant terminals, indicating the presence of

104 urons to determine the effect of nicotine on mossy fiber glutamatergic synaptic transmission.

105 lar layer, here, we shift attention onto the mossy fiber granule cell (GrC) relay.

106 imary conveyors of sensory and motor-related mossy fiber information to Purkinje cells.

107 combinatorial diversity saturates quickly as mossy fiber input diversity increases, and that this sat

108 e cerebellum receives sensory information by mossy fiber input from a multitude of sources that requi

109 We found that theta-burst stimulation of mossy fiber input in lobule 9 granule cells lowered the

110 to regulate the response of granule cells to mossy fiber input in lobules 2 and 9 of the rat cerebell

111 ts, respectively, enabling dispersion of the mossy fiber input into its frequency components as perfo

112 e found that long-term potentiation (LTP) of mossy fiber input invoked a large increase in granule ce

113 Mossy fiber input is known to exhibit a long-term potent

114 elation of these subtypes to the response to mossy fiber input is not clear.

115 stsynaptic mechanisms contributing to LTP of mossy fiber input is unknown.

116 ular cerebellar cortex receive glutamatergic mossy fiber input on an elaborate brush-like dendrite.

117 tput became evident in response to bursts of mossy fiber input, revealing that Kv4 control of intrins

118 As granule cells receive mossy fiber input, they represent a key stage at which p

119 ule cell activity as a function of timing of mossy fiber input.

120 anule cells (GrCs) sample approximately four mossy fiber inputs and are thought to form a combinatori

121 on whether individual granule cells receive mossy fiber inputs from multiple precerebellar nuclei or

122 Here we addressed whether mossy fiber inputs from the dentate gyrus onto CA3 princ

123 s support that SynCAM 1 modulates excitatory mossy fiber inputs onto both interneurons and principal

124 Cerebellar granule cells receive mossy fiber inputs that convey information on different

125 es spatiotemporal information transmitted by mossy fiber inputs with a wide variety of firing pattern

126 receive segregated and functionally distinct mossy fiber inputs, enabling Golgi cells to regulate the

127 rentially respond to high- and low-frequency mossy fiber inputs, respectively, enabling dispersion of

128 ex enabling a Fourier-like transformation of mossy fiber inputs.

129 acilitation, driven by strongly facilitating mossy fiber inputs.

130 Whereas the presynaptic form of mossy fiber long-term potentiation (LTP) was not affecte

131 cle pool distribution, impaired induction of mossy fiber long-term potentiation and deficits in hippo

132 nstream effector of cAMP that contributes to mossy fiber LTP (MF-LTP), but the potential contribution

133 dulloblastomas match the rhombic lip-derived mossy fiber neuronal lineage and embryonal tumors with m

134 ber projections to CA3 pyramidal cells place mossy fiber NMDARs in a prime position to influence CA3

135 Moreover, we found that mossy fiber NMDARs mediate heterosynaptic metaplasticity

136 astrocyte engagement in the fully developed mossy fiber pathway was slow and territorial, contrary t

137 ng to, or regulating, single synapses in the mossy fiber pathway.

138 xplore astrocyte activity in the hippocampal mossy fiber pathway.

139 gnals without a direct contribution from the mossy fiber pathway.

140 pmental gene expression characteristics with mossy fiber precerebellar nuclei that arise from the cau

141 uired more mushroom spines, and had enlarged mossy fiber presynaptic terminals.

142 racing experiments showing the dentate gyrus mossy fiber projection, and its relationship to the intr

143 que functional properties of both NMDARs and mossy fiber projections to CA3 pyramidal cells place mos

144 In agreement, mossy fiber refinement in CA3 was impaired in SynCAM 1 K

145 ptic response with a subsequent subthreshold mossy fiber response induced long-term potentiation at C

146 r brush cells (UBCs), which transform single mossy fiber signals into long-lasting excitation or inhi

147 the substrate for phase-dependent binding of mossy fiber spikes to repetitive theta-frequency cycles

148 In addition, mossy fiber sprouting and mossy cell death were correlat

149 on loss, abnormal neurogenesis, and aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus (DG).

150 on of adult-born granule cells to functional mossy fiber sprouting is unknown, primarily due to techn

151 in sea lions was unilateral in 79% of cases, mossy fiber sprouting was a common neuropathological abn

152 eactivity or Timm-stained, and the extent of mossy fiber sprouting was measured stereologically.

153 ossy fiber sprouting, although the effect on mossy fiber sprouting was reversible after stopping rapa

154 apamycin decreased neuronal degeneration and mossy fiber sprouting, although the effect on mossy fibe

155 age of hilar ectopic DGCs, (2) the amount of mossy fiber sprouting, and (3) the extent of mossy cell

156 re hilar ectopic granule cells, mossy cells, mossy fiber sprouting, astrogliosis, and GABAergic inter

157 granule cells also contributed to functional mossy fiber sprouting, but exhibited less synaptic depre

158 ls, the number of mossy cells, the extent of mossy fiber sprouting, the extent of astrogliosis, or th

159 m mice, associated with abnormal hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting.

160 ice in the absence of overt neuronal loss or mossy fiber sprouting.

161 persistent hilar basal dendrites (HBDs), and mossy fiber sprouting.

162 KAR LTD is induced by high-frequency mossy fiber stimulation and natural spike patterns and r

163 hat capillary diameter changes rapidly after mossy fiber stimulation.

164 poral fidelity of granule cell spikes during mossy fiber stimulation.

165 ied glutamatergic synapses of the brain, the mossy fiber synapse of the hippocampus.

166 well as presynaptic short-term plasticity at mossy fiber synapses are unaltered at 6 months in APP/PS

167 ike mossy fibers projecting to CA3, sprouted mossy fiber synapses depress upon repetitive activation.

168 Mossy fiber synapses exhibit both pronounced short-term

169 llel we performed a morphometric analysis of mossy fiber synapses following viral based labeling and

170 to technical barriers in isolating sprouted mossy fiber synapses for analysis.

171 d frequency-dependent facilitation, sprouted mossy fiber synapses from adult-born cells exhibited pro

172 We directly activated sprouted mossy fiber synapses from adult-born granule cells to st

173 We tested whether PTP could convert mossy fiber synapses from subdetonator into detonator mo

174 urthermore, we tested synaptic plasticity of mossy fiber synapses in area CA3 and found increased lon

175 Surprisingly, however, although healthy mossy fiber synapses in CA3 are well characterized "deto

176 creased probability of release compared with mossy fiber synapses in CA3.

177 Here, we discovered that mossy fiber synapses in the mouse cerebellum homeostatic

178 Remarkably, PTP switched mossy fiber synapses into full detonators for tens of se

179 t post-tetanic potentiation at dentate gyrus mossy fiber synapses is induced by natural activity patt

180 ed, the connexin-36-containing glutamatergic mossy fiber synapses of the rat hippocampus express prev

181 Mossy fiber synapses on CA3 pyramidal cells are 'conditi

182 xcite target neurons, the impact of sprouted mossy fiber synapses on hippocampal hyperexcitability is

183 ic transmission (KAR LTD) at rat hippocampal mossy fiber synapses relieves inhibition of the sAHP by

184 However, at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses, RIM-BP2 has a substantial impact o

185 This suggests that mossy fiber synapses, which play a major role in learnin

186 ontextual memory and long-term plasticity at mossy fiber synapses.

187 m NMDA receptor-independent LTP of local CA3 mossy fiber synapses.

188 hat locomotion can be directly read out from mossy fiber synaptic input and spike output in single gr

189 ranule cells, which may result from abnormal mossy fiber synaptic plasticity.

190 A decreasing gradient of mossy fiber synaptic strength along the proximodistal ax

191 tial patterns of calcium elevations in giant mossy fiber terminals and support short-term facilitatio

192 Hippocampal giant mossy fiber terminals display extensive short-term facil

193 labeled somata in the cerebellar nuclei and mossy fiber terminals in the cerebellar granule layer, c

194 Though, how giant mossy fiber terminals leverage distinct types of voltage

195 Postsynaptic targets of all labeled mossy fiber terminals were identified using immunohistoc

196 ere the major target of resulting disynaptic mossy fiber terminals, but we also found at least sparse

197 rebellar modules we found spatial overlap of mossy fiber terminals, originating from functionally dis

198 the morphological characteristics of typical mossy fiber terminals, the functional characteristics of

199 ssing some of the morphological hallmarks of mossy fiber terminals.

200 Mossy fiber termini in the hippocampus accumulate Zn(2+)

201 t long-term potentiation induction at single mossy fiber termini of dentate gyrus neurons in adult mo

202 ded into presynaptic vesicles in hippocampal mossy fiber termini upon KCl-induced depolarization, whi

203 xcitatory postsynaptic potential evoked by a mossy fiber that enhances NMDA receptor-mediated current

204 A well established property of mossy fiber to CA3 pyramidal cell synapses is the extens

205 the mossy fiber to nuclear cell synapse and mossy fiber to granule cell synapse.

206 ings of learning related potentiation at the mossy fiber to nuclear cell synapse and mossy fiber to g

207 ion of Purkinje cells, and plasticity at the mossy fiber to vestibular nuclei neuron synapse.

208 enhancing synaptic efficiency of hippocampal mossy fiber transmission.

209 Moreover, the number of new mossy fiber varicosities in these parts of the cerebella

210 way with rapamycin blocks granule cell axon (mossy fiber) sprouting after epileptogenic injuries, inc

211 contrast to the CA3-CA1 pathway, LTP in the mossy fiber-CA3 projection did not depend on MMP-3, indi

212 on plays a central role in plasticity at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapse of the hippocampus.

213 bidirectional long-term NMDAR plasticity at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses in rat hippocampal slices.

214 on both P/Q- and N-type VGCCs at hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapses, the specific contribution of V

215 ermits efficacious homeostatic adjustment of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses, while preserving synaptic weig

216 ffer collateral-CA1 synapses, but not at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapses.

217 orm of plasticity imparts bimodal control of mossy fiber-driven CA3 burst firing and spike temporal f

218 t, helping to shape signal processing at the mossy fiber-granule cell relay.

219 f the alpha6 GABA(A) receptor subunit at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse are perturbed, as well

220 ing at 6 Hz can optimally induce STDP at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse in rats.

221 nal photoreceptor synapse and the cerebellar mossy fiber-granule cell synapse, we find that ATRAP is

222 ikes at 6-10 Hz reliably induced STDP at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse, with potentiation and

223 pses and (2) long-term potentiation (LTP) at mossy fiber-interpositus nucleus synapses.

224 These results implicate the mossy fiber-TE synapse as an independently tunable gain

225 However, at the mossy fiber-to-unipolar brush cell synapse in the cerebe

226 s short-term plasticity in a Purkinje cell's mossy fiber/parallel-fiber input pathways; 2) complex-sp

227 splayed a major impairment in cAMP-dependent mossy-fiber long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA3 regi

228 ufficient to impair the function of Syt12 in mossy-fiber LTP, suggesting that cAMP-dependent phosphor

229 l configurations for inducing and monitoring mossy-fiber LTP.

230 on serine-97 contributes to the induction of mossy-fiber LTP.

231 ential for cAMP-dependent presynaptic LTP at mossy-fiber synapses, and a single amino-acid substituti

232 A-knockin impaired the long-term increase in mossy-fiber synaptic transmission induced by forskolin.

233 creased excitatory glutamate transmission at mossy fibers (MF)-CA3 synapses, and (2) an increased num

234 GoCs are excited by mossy fibers (MFs) and grcs and provide feedforward and

235 Electrical stimulation of mossy fibers (MFs) as well as microinjection of NMDA in

236 The mossy fibers (MFs) corelease glutamate and GABA onto pyr

237 n of function begins with the segregation of mossy fibers across 10 distinct lobules over the rostroc

238 ings of motor corollary discharge signals in mossy fibers and granule cells provide direct evidence f

239 nflammation caused damage of the hippocampal mossy fibers and neuronal apoptotic death.

240 proprioception are randomly mixed in spinal mossy fibers and that properties of granule cells are co

241 ain excitatory inputs of the cerebellum: the mossy fibers and the climbing fiber collaterals.

242 However, the most prevalent targets of mossy fibers are GABAergic interneurons and SynCAM 1 los

243 eport that subthreshold potentials evoked by mossy fibers are sufficient to induce synaptic plasticit

244 Specifically, mossy fibers are thought to both directly excite nuclear

245 ACh also reduces glutamate release from mossy fibers by acting on presynaptic muscarinic recepto

246 Selective targeting of distinct mossy fibers determines how the cerebellum processes ves

247 Our results suggest that, although sprouted mossy fibers form recurrent excitatory circuits with som

248 putative collateral branches terminating as mossy fibers in the cerebellar cortex.

249 r reorganization, including the sprouting of mossy fibers in the dentate gyrus; they establish aberra

250 the epileptic brain, inhibited sprouting of mossy fibers in the hippocampus, and prevented the progr

251 creased in axons but not synaptic boutons of mossy fibers in ZnT3 knockout mice that lack vesicular z

252 In contrast, FXGs in hippocampal mossy fibers increased in abundance across development f

253 ons and helps to expand the dynamic range of mossy fibers information transfer.

254 Mossy fibers make excitatory inputs onto postsynaptic sp

255 gnatures of the specialized contacts between mossy fibers of dentate granule cells and thorny excresc

256 However, unlike mossy fibers projecting to CA3, sprouted mossy fiber syn

257 Brush Cells (UBCs), which generate intrinsic mossy fibers relaying vestibular inputs to the cerebella

258 tability, optogenetic activation of sprouted mossy fibers reliably triggered action potential firing

259 organization of granular layer responses to mossy fibers shifted from a "Mexican hat" to a "stovepip

260 pDOR-ir was less frequently found in mossy fibers terminals.

261 t zinc modulation extends beyond hippocampal mossy fibers to excitatory SC-CA1 synapses.

262 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The mossy fibers transiently corelease glutamate and GABA on

263 NT The common assumption that all cerebellar mossy fibers uniformly collateralize to the cerebellar n

264 but that the BDNF protein is present within mossy fibers which originate from cells located outside

265 these consistent effects on Golgi cells and mossy fibers, ACh can either increase or decrease the sp

266 pyramidal cells, the targets of DGC-derived mossy fibers, exhibited normal morphologies with a small

267 orm modeling of sparse and filopodia-bearing mossy fibers, finding that these circuit features unique

268 in axons and synaptic boutons of hippocampal mossy fibers, thereby implicating BDNF in activation of

269 nuclei/spinal cord neurons that give rise to mossy fibers--and promotes GABAergic synapse formation a

270 ancelled by non-auditory signals conveyed by mossy fibers.

271 dant in the synaptic vesicles of hippocampal mossy fibers.

272 at arise from the rhombic lip and that issue mossy fibers.

273 HCN2 as the dominating subunit in cerebellar mossy fibers.

274 uit often assume that input signals from the mossy-fibers are expanded and recoded to provide a found

275 as negligible impact upon the integration of mossy fibre (MF) information.

276 sential for the lamina-specific targeting of mossy fibre axons onto CA3 pyramidal neurons in the deve

277 l that movement is accompanied by changes in mossy fibre input rate that drive membrane potential dep

278 We demonstrate that the major mossy fibre input system originating from the lateral re

279 We find that mossy fibre inputs to CbN cells generate unitary AMPA re

280 of the hippocampus and co-localization with mossy fibre sprouting, a feature of temporal lobe epilep

281 ne vesicle mobility at excitatory cerebellar mossy fibre synapses which sustain transmission over a b

282 n is critical for the short-term dynamics of mossy fibre to CA3 synaptic function.

283 nce of Purkinje cell activity can facilitate mossy fibre-driven spiking by CbN cells, in turn driving

284 tage dependence and short-term plasticity of mossy fibre-mediated EPSCs.

285 synapses with CA3 pyramidal cells via large mossy-fibre boutons, but rather to all synapses formed b

286 l glutamatergic synaptic transmission at the mossy-fibre synapse because the amplitude, input-output

287 A few hundred mossy fibres active at a few tens of spikes s(-1) must c

288 ce demonstrate that synaptic excitation from mossy fibres becomes more effective at increasing the ra

289 Mossy fibres showed unprocessed, otolith afferent-like p

290 A few mossy fibres showed unprocessed, otolith afferent-like p

291 urkinje neurons and synaptic excitation from mossy fibres to generate cerebellar output.

292 well as direct vestibular afferent inputs as mossy fibres.

293 e inhibited by Purkinje cells and excited by mossy fibres.

294 process lead to the growth of dendritic and mossy Li structures that deteriorate the cycling perform

295 Unfortunately, uncontrolled dendritic and mossy lithium growth, as well as electrolyte decompositi

296 wever, the lithium anode forms dendritic and mossy metal deposits, leading to serious safety concerns

297 icrostructures (SMSs; that is, dendritic and mossy Na metal) during the deposition and stripping proc

298 nditioning, the CS and US are transmitted by mossy/parallel fibers and climbing fibers to cerebellar

299 te is triggered, leading to the formation of mossy-type SMSs and rapid battery failure.

300 The CS imaging shows that mossy types of microstructure grow close to the surface