1 Here, we employed a
multicellular 3D neurovascular unit organoid containing
2 Multicellular 3D spheroids display reproducible BBB feat
3 orescent gold nanorods into large (>500 mum)
multicellular 3D tissue spheroids was studied using a mu
4 Multicellular action potentials, membrane ion-currents (
5 that stretch induces the formation of linear
multicellular actomyosin cables, which depend on Diaphan
6 ing from a single-celled zygote to a complex
multicellular adult.
7 etastasis occurs by exfoliation of cells and
multicellular aggregates (MCAs) from the tumor into the
8 f diverse lineages on the surface of defined
multicellular aggregates and monitor sorting outcomes by
9 We demonstrate that
multicellular aggregates can develop spontaneously in th
10 We show that
multicellular aggregates evolve because they perform che
11 ed to generate gastruloids-three-dimensional
multicellular aggregates that differentiate to form deri
12 nto two major fates, stalk and spore, within
multicellular aggregates.
13 The high growth ability of this
multicellular alga would provide the most effective meth
14 id gametophytes and diploid sporophytes of a
multicellular alga.
15 Seaweeds are a group of marine
multicellular algae; the presence of antioxidant phytoch
16 We hypothesize that unicellular and simple
multicellular ancestors of green seaweeds survived these
17 d rice, many of the pathways associated with
multicellular and developmental processes are not under
18 Here we report abundant millimetre-sized,
multicellular and morphologically differentiated macrofo
19 meters, light-mediated biofabrication allows
multicellular and multimaterial approaches.
20 gi, these observations provide evidence that
multicellular animal cells harbor similar viruses.
21 Multicellular animals and bacteria frequently engage in
22 The origins and the early evolution of
multicellular animals required the exploitation of holoz
23 oanoflagellates, and the view that the first
multicellular animals were simple balls of cells with li
24 iated cell-matrix adhesion in development of
multicellular animals, it is of interest to discover whe
25 are likely to be the first branch of extant
multicellular animals, we suggest that this system can b
26 rization of a broad variety of cell types in
multicellular animals.
27 the highest growth rate ever reported for a
multicellular autotrophic plant.
28 d to the identification in fungi but also in
multicellular bacteria of several distinct families of s
29 tation rate, and terminal differentiation in
multicellular bacteria.
30 metabolic activity of subpopulations within
multicellular bacterial biofilms that lack direct access
31 ights on glycans and their relationship with
multicellular behavior.
32 sents a powerful tool for dissecting complex
multicellular behaviors in health and disease(1,2) and n
33 in cooperative manner, providing a basis for
multicellular behaviors, such as biofilm formation.
34 single cell computational models to predict
multicellular behaviors.
35 nalling using Boolean modelling (MaBoSS) and
multicellular behaviour using agent-based modelling (Phy
36 We further show that rheosensing occurs in
multicellular biofilms, involves signalling through the
37 The structural and functional complexity of
multicellular biological systems, such as the brain, are
38 c data within the three-dimensional space of
multicellular biology.
39 xist for identifying axes of variation among
multicellular biospecimens profiled at single-cell resol
40 esent one of the simplest expressions of the
multicellular body plan and constitute a key step in the
41 th was accompanied by the diversification of
multicellular body plans in the eukaryotic kingdoms Anim
42 nsistent with observations across a range of
multicellular choanoflagellate colonies.
43 The discovery of a
multicellular choanoflagellate with light-regulated coll
44 mediate NPs that eventually exit and produce
multicellular clones as they move along migratory stream
45 As a case study, we profile
multicellular clusters across varying states of the epit
46 cells within the vasculature often exist as
multicellular clusters and that clusters more efficientl
47 Here, we demonstrate a method to profile
multicellular clusters in a 96-well-plate format based o
48 ound that biomaterial FBRs mimic specialized
multicellular CNS wound responses not present in periphe
49 transition between dispersed individuals and
multicellular collectives during development, wound heal
50 -living cells, creating potentially chimeric
multicellular collectives, or they develop clonally via
51 -swimming and existing as members of sessile
multicellular communities called biofilms.
52 Many
multicellular communities propagate signals in a directe
53 er long distances is a ubiquitous feature of
multicellular communities, but cell-to-cell variability
54 ell heterogeneity is a ubiquitous feature of
multicellular communities, but the effects of heterogene
55 ze and assemble kin cells into a cooperative
multicellular community that resembles a tissue.
56 tures of a correlated signaling process in a
multicellular community.
57 Inside the
multicellular complex model, the tested probes also show
58 This systems-based approach to investigate
multicellular complexity paves the way to uncovering the
59 These
multicellular computing systems are highly modular, do n
60 rol the spatial distribution of signaling in
multicellular contexts.
61 apidly converts sensory inputs directly into
multicellular contractions.
62 ses detrimental disease progression, but its
multicellular coordination is poorly understood.
63 m as single circulating tumor cells (CTC) or
multicellular CTC clusters.
64 Organoids are
multicellular culture systems that replicate tissue arch
65 pheroid cultures allow for the production of
multicellular cultures complete with extracellular matri
66 e named Choanoeca flexa sp. nov.) that forms
multicellular cup-shaped colonies.
67 the specialized nitrogen-fixing cell of the
multicellular cyanobacterium Fischerella thermalis, has
68 Under combined nitrogen starvation, the
multicellular cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7120 develops ni
69 ups with coordinated cell-cell junctions and
multicellular cytoskeletal activity.
70 Multicellular development depends on generating and prec
71 enetic screen to identify genes required for
multicellular development in the choanoflagellate, Salpi
72 evidence that this imperfectly synchronized
multicellular development is affected by both abiotic (e
73 derstanding collective and social behaviors,
multicellular development, and ecological dynamics in D.
74 elopment to ensure the timely progression of
multicellular differentiation.
75 at preferentially target each other may form
multicellular encoding units performing distinct computa
76 The spontaneous self-assembly of
multicellular ensembles into living materials with syner
77 spines and restoring coordinated activity in
multicellular ensembles that predict motivated escape be
78 fully understood by studying this organized,
multicellular environment in vivo.
79 does not sufficiently represent the complex
multicellular environment of the human colon.
80 r apical membrane remodeling in converting a
multicellular epithelium into a giant multinucleate cyto
81 toplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins within
multicellular eukaryotes have hydroxyl groups of specifi
82 regime that dominates the evolution of most
multicellular eukaryotes provides ample material for fun
83 f novel signaling axes in the TOR network in
multicellular eukaryotes, concentrating especially on am
84 ion are understood at the molecular level in
multicellular eukaryotes, the elucidation of similar pro
85 e-surely rivals (if not exceeds) that of the
multicellular eukaryotes.
86 comparable experiments have not been done in
multicellular eukaryotes.
87 rgence of differentiation and development in
multicellular eukaryotes.
88 Caenorhabditis elegans was the first
multicellular eukaryotic genome sequenced to apparent co
89 Multicellular eukaryotic genomes show enormous differenc
90 eutic targets, but have only been applied to
multicellular eukaryotic organisms more recently.
91 l programs in at least two different complex
multicellular eukaryotic supergroups, Archaeplastida and
92 eir subsequent phylogenetic diversification,
multicellular evolution and ecological expansion in the
93 Our analysis reveals
multicellular features of the tumour microenvironment an
94 Cyst nematodes induce a
multicellular feeding site within roots called a syncyti
95 eight times into organisms that instead form
multicellular fruiting bodies with spores.
96 and oligodendrocyte genes (OLIGs), whereas a
multicellular gene co-expression network of plaque-induc
97 ulatory interactions between unicellular and
multicellular genes within human gene regulatory network
98 microorganisms living in association with a
multicellular host.
99 uding those between microorganisms and their
multicellular hosts.
100 H. capsulatum grows as a
multicellular hypha in the soil that switches to a patho
101 a mechanistic explanation for the origins of
multicellular hyphal organisms, and explains why fungi,
102 experimental models, are thought to include
multicellular immune responses.
103 Trichomes are
multicellular in almost all species and, in the majority
104 athways inside these cells, fit into complex
multicellular innate immune responses in vivo, providing
105 es for disentangling the roles of glycans in
multicellular interactions using newly available dataset
106 parallel with ZO-1 proteins, particularly at
multicellular junctions.
107 observe such patterns at the tissue level in
multicellular land plants.
108 fungal hyphae as a mechanism emerging at the
multicellular level to support host colonization and vir
109 At
multicellular level, coordinated cell displacements driv
110 el Rho GTPase activity and contractility and
multicellular-
level junctional forces.
111 the elaborate activities of HLH proteins in
multicellular life are discussed.
112 terium Myxococcus xanthus exhibits a complex
multicellular life cycle.
113 has given rise to a remarkable diversity of
multicellular life cycles and life histories.
114 tic analysis implies CRESS viruses infecting
multicellular life have evolved independently on at leas
115 tyostelium loners-cells that do not join the
multicellular life stage-arise from a dynamic population
116 gether, our results suggest that, similar to
multicellular life, the traits of prokaryotes in their n
117 As single-cell organisms evolved into
multicellular life, the UPR complexity has increased to
118 gulatory links during the evolution of early
multicellular life, whose dysfunction creates widespread
119 For
multicellular life-forms that persist in settings with v
120 onic mechanisms of block in Fhf2(KO) hearts,
multicellular linear strand models incorporating FHF2-de
121 Using animal models and theoretical
multicellular linear strands, we examined how FHF2 orche
122 In this regard,
multicellular macroalgae are more suitable for harvestin
123 To generate a robust
multicellular map of gene expression, we performed dropl
124 enables single planktonic cells to assume a
multicellular mode of growth.
125 ing them to be tested as probes in a complex
multicellular model (i.e., Caenorhabditis elegans).
126 odesmata in auxin patterning, we developed a
multicellular model of the Arabidopsis root tip.
127 rchers are increasingly embracing the use of
multicellular model organisms to test the role of specif
128 of gene variants that extend the lifespan of
multicellular model organisms.
129 nerated by both single human neutrophils and
multicellular monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney ce
130 egulate single-cell migration and coordinate
multicellular movement in a cellular monolayer is still
131 lar Tfp machines are regulated to coordinate
multicellular movements, a conserved feature in twitchin
132 Streptomycetes are
multicellular mycelial bacteria that grow as vegetative
133 ganisms ranging from unicellular ciliates to
multicellular nematodes.
134 riculture system (MG-hBORG) that mirrors the
multicellular network observed in HIV-infected human bra
135 hat rationally control the shape and size of
multicellular networks are described.
136 ity as well as the difficulty of engineering
multicellular networks biochemically.
137 meters underlying the formation of different
multicellular networks in our simulation model of collec
138 a cells infiltrate the brain collectively as
multicellular networks.
139 ns suggest that the producer may have been a
multicellular or syncytial organism able to migrate late
140 fferentiated cells, tissues, and organs in a
multicellular organism and, thus, play a crucial role in
141 Gene ontology analysis revealed
multicellular organism development and positive regulati
142 ificant difference is that normal cells in a
multicellular organism have evolved in competition betwe
143 adaptive strategy is the first example of a
multicellular organism modulating its defenses when it e
144 The development of a phenotype in a
multicellular organism often involves multiple, simultan
145 or semantic similarity-based clustering, the
multicellular organism process branch of the GO biologic
146 somatic genomes are in general the same in a
multicellular organism.
147 wing detailed analysis of gene function in a
multicellular organism.
148 form all of the specialized cell types in a
multicellular organism.
149 inking distant organ systems into a unified,
multicellular organism.
150 mmon in symbiotic relationships with diverse
multicellular organisms (animals, plants, fungi) in terr
151 be a fundamental morphogenetic mechanism in
multicellular organisms [3-6].
152 e essential components of immune defenses of
multicellular organisms and are currently in development
153 od can be used to control the development of
multicellular organisms and to provide insights into the
154 All
multicellular organisms are exposed to a diversity of in
155 The genomes of
multicellular organisms are extensively folded into 3D c
156 mechanisms underpinning circadian clocks in
multicellular organisms are well understood.
157 How
multicellular organisms assess and control their size is
158 Oxygen-sensing mechanisms of eukaryotic
multicellular organisms coordinate hypoxic cellular resp
159 he benefits of balancer chromosomes to other
multicellular organisms could significantly accelerate b
160 Both single and
multicellular organisms depend on anti-stress mechanisms
161 Cell-cell communication in
multicellular organisms depends on the dynamic and rever
162 All
multicellular organisms develop through one of two basic
163 In
multicellular organisms different types of tissues have
164 Complex
multicellular organisms evolved on Earth in an oxygen-ri
165 Multicellular organisms exist in a sea of microbes.
166 Ontogeny describes the emergence of complex
multicellular organisms from single totipotent cells.
167 1.0 Ga), the ocean was suboxic to anoxic and
multicellular organisms had not yet evolved.
168 Multicellular organisms have co-evolved with complex con
169 Multicellular organisms have multiple genes encoding cal
170 All
multicellular organisms host microbial communities in an
171 yeast, and mammalian cells, and recently, in
multicellular organisms including plants and animals.
172 cers and suppressors have been identified in
multicellular organisms including vertebrates.
173 yond cell cycle regulation in the biology of
multicellular organisms is far from complete.
174 Development and homeostasis of
multicellular organisms is largely controlled by complex
175 Cooperation between cells in
multicellular organisms is preserved by an active regula
176 A hallmark of
multicellular organisms is their ability to maintain phy
177 karyotes, the biological function of Hbs1 in
multicellular organisms is yet to be characterized.
178 hematical model shows how the shape of early
multicellular organisms may have helped cells evolve spe
179 Transcriptional repression in
multicellular organisms orchestrates dynamic and precise
180 The diversity of forms in
multicellular organisms originates largely from the spat
181 The transition from unicellular to
multicellular organisms poses the question as to when ge
182 Blood development in
multicellular organisms relies on specific tissue microe
183 Cell differentiation in
multicellular organisms requires cells to respond to com
184 Development of
multicellular organisms requires coordination of cell di
185 Despite the noisy nature of single cells,
multicellular organisms robustly generate different cell
186 tic cells is a striking process that enables
multicellular organisms to regenerate organs.
187 Multicellular organisms use mitogens to regulate cell pr
188 Protein expression in
multicellular organisms varies widely across tissues.
189 gulate a plethora of biological processes in
multicellular organisms via autocrine, paracrine, and en
190 for intracellular Ca(2+) signalling in most
multicellular organisms(2).
191 th is an essential feature of development in
multicellular organisms, a critical driver of degenerati
192 In
multicellular organisms, a long-standing question is how
193 ized patterns is key to the morphogenesis of
multicellular organisms, although a comprehensive theory
194 r reactive oxygen species in unicellular and
multicellular organisms, and is produced extracellularly
195 l fusion is essential for the development of
multicellular organisms, and plays a key role in the for
196 In
multicellular organisms, caspases are activated via macr
197 Cell-cell interfaces are found throughout
multicellular organisms, from transient interactions bet
198 that reflect the morphology of early, simple
multicellular organisms, highlighting the importance of
199 In the context of
multicellular organisms, interrogation of gene function
200 Complex
multicellular organisms, such as mammals, express two co
201 s on model species for an important group of
multicellular organisms, the brown algae.
202 In
multicellular organisms, the timing and placement of gen
203 ll-cell interaction, since it also occurs in
multicellular organisms, where it has functions in the i
204 istinct cell fates during the development of
multicellular organisms.
205 us, govern the development and physiology of
multicellular organisms.
206 hich compartmentalize the body and organs of
multicellular organisms.
207 essential for intercellular communication in
multicellular organisms.
208 g cells that has not been seen previously in
multicellular organisms.
209 n and cell proliferation underlies growth in
multicellular organisms.
210 ssential for coordinating the development of
multicellular organisms.
211 intercellular communication is essential for
multicellular organisms.
212 y of oxygen is essential for the survival of
multicellular organisms.
213 unclear what functional space they occupy in
multicellular organisms.
214 logy of tissues and organs in the context of
multicellular organisms.
215 Oxygen is essential for the life of most
multicellular organisms.
216 ormation in asymmetrically dividing cells in
multicellular organisms.
217 heterogeneity that directs the functions of
multicellular organisms.
218 lium are critical for health and survival of
multicellular organisms.
219 oblem that remains unresolved, especially in
multicellular organisms.
220 ell polarity is a fundamental feature of all
multicellular organisms.
221 ation might contribute to the development of
multicellular organisms.
222 tes mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission in
multicellular organisms.
223 r the mechanical stability of the nucleus in
multicellular organisms.
224 y is fundamental for tissue morphogenesis in
multicellular organisms.
225 Social cellular aggregation or
multicellular organization pose increased risk of transm
226 Bacterial biofilms represent a basic form of
multicellular organization that confers survival advanta
227 Development of
multicellular organs requires the coordination of cell d
228 ue damage and host protection in response to
multicellular parasites.
229 celled eukaryotes, but has also evolved in a
multicellular,
parasitic animal.
230 Utilizing a
multicellular patterning model system that allows for ob
231 The origins of
multicellular physiology are tied to evolution of gene e
232 Recovery after stroke is a
multicellular process encompassing neurons, resident imm
233 ells is an important mechanism in regulating
multicellular processes in reconstituted fibrin gels.
234 nvironments, precluding efforts to visualize
multicellular processes.
235 l conflict systems preponderantly present in
multicellular prokaryotes.
236 ased) nanomedicines trigger the formation of
multicellular regulatory networks by reprogramming autoa
237 s, and thereby demonstrate its necessity for
multicellular rosette development.
238 tary collar cells in S. rosetta with that of
multicellular '
rosette' colonies and collar cells in spo
239 Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structur
240 al cell types is fundamental to the study of
multicellular samples.
241 omous regulators of proteostasis networks in
multicellular settings, from the model organism, Caenorh
242 at regulate force transmission pathways in a
multicellular SM ensemble.
243 ties, like viruses, to limit their spread in
multicellular/
social contexts via physical containment,
244 Both unicellular communities and
multicellular species produce an astonishing chemical di
245 otein domain organization is more complex in
multicellular species.
246 Multicellular spheroids (hereinafter referred to as sphe
247 ctional outgrowth of neurites from both PC12
multicellular spheroids and chick embryonic dorsal root
248 and for measurements of mechanical forces in
multicellular spheroids and zebrafish embryonic tissues.
249 ify spatial variations in cell volume within
multicellular spheroids and, further, describe how the p
250 Our approach utilizes cultured
multicellular spheroids as a 3D cell model and cultured
251 cterial cell communities to produce discrete
multicellular spheroids capable of both aerobic (oxygen
252 We also show that three-dimensional (3D)
multicellular spheroids established with malignant gliom
253 gene circuits of engineered bacteria within
multicellular spheroids over a timescale of weeks.
254 By incorporating these mechanosensors into
multicellular spheroids, we capture the patterns of inte
255 ent deep tissue penetration in ex vivo tumor
multicellular spheroids.
256 rmal therapy carried out in a microsystem on
multicellular spheroids.
257 Ns@anti-MUC1 we used 3D cell culture model -
multicellular spheroids.
258 Our results suggest that Dictyostelium
multicellular sporulation was a likely adaptation to a c
259 decreases the ability of HUVEC cells to form
multicellular sprouts, a key requirement for angiogenesi
260 emonstrates that this biofilm is composed of
multicellular strands and patches of ANME-1 that are loo
261 isms navigate and divide on surfaces to form
multicellular structures called biofilms, the most wides
262 cteria predominantly colonize their hosts as
multicellular structures called biofilms.
263 trajectories in space and time revealed how
multicellular structures form from a single founder cell
264 The ability of cells to organize into
multicellular structures in precise patterns requires th
265 Two of five experimental populations evolved
multicellular structures not observed in unselected cont
266 Organoids are
multicellular structures that can be derived from adult
267 f these protistan lineages display transient
multicellular structures, which are governed by similar
268 need to work together to generate functional
multicellular structures.
269 swarm migration as well as the formation of
multicellular swarm biofilms and fruiting bodies.
270 that simple gene circuits can be used within
multicellular synthetic systems to sense and respond to
271 enables spatial patterns to form in a model
multicellular system, Bacillus subtilis bacterial biofil
272 the transfer of forces between cells within
multicellular systems are increasingly being recognized
273 Much of the functionality of
multicellular systems arises from the spatial organizati
274 e to discuss emerging topics in 'Engineering
Multicellular Systems'.
275 re able to guide the collective migration of
multicellular systems, even when cell-cell junctions are
276 f cell-in-the-loop for engineering synthetic
multicellular systems.
277 whether it has a role in the development of
multicellular systems.
278 ffness break down in postconfluence confined
multicellular systems.
279 gate the evolution of volume dynamics within
multicellular systems.
280 d synergistic mechanisms of action including
multicellular targets.
281 of host-malignant cell interactions within a
multicellular tissue architecture.
282 lity, ranging from single cell techniques to
multicellular tissue-like constructs.
283 resolved techniques for genome-wide study of
multicellular tissues.
284 ce how individual cells develop into complex
multicellular tissues.
285 Ex vivo measurements of such
multicellular tractions within three-dimensional (3D) bi
286 Survival assays show that evolved
multicellular traits provide effective protection agains
287 ogenesis, i.e., the evolving centerpieces of
multicellular trajectory patterns.
288 We hypothesized that a coordinated,
multicellular transcriptional program governs this windo
289 Here, we investigate the control of
multicellular trichome patterns using natural variation
290 Despite the importance of
multicellular trichomes for plant protection and as a so
291 as the cohesive migration and metastasis of
multicellular tumor cell clusters.
292 Multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) systems provide an i
293 ncer activity in both 2D cell culture and 3D
multicellular tumor spheroid models of pancreatic cancer
294 Multicellular tumor spheroids have been increasingly use
295 tatively mimics experimental measurements of
multicellular tumor spheroids.
296 595 nm, in monolayer cells as well as in 3D
multicellular tumor spheroids.
297 we describe the development of a perfusable
multicellular tumor-on-a-chip platform involving differe
298 r tumour spheroid growth is parameterised by
multicellular tumour spheroid (MCTS) data.
299 ar results in animal models, we developed 3D
multicellular tumour spheroids (MCs) as an intermediate
300 One multipartite virus functions in a
multicellular way: The segments do not all need to be pr