ライフサイエンスコーパス: nigral

1 There was no correlation between nigral (18)F-AV-1451 volume of distribution and age or t

2 patients showed a 30% mean decrease in total nigral (18)F-AV-1451 volume of distribution compared wit

3 Furthermore, nigral (18)F-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine uptake was positi

4 These results suggest that nigral 5-HT, via presynaptic 5-HT1B receptor activation,

5 Nigral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions or repeated D2

6 Five or 21 d after nigral 6-OHDA injections or after 3, 7, or 21 d of D2 an

7 of proinflammatory molecules, and suppressed nigral activation of glial cells.

8 of proinflammatory molecules, and suppressed nigral activation of glial cells.

9 of proinflammatory molecules, and suppressed nigral activation of glial cells.

10 ected nigral reduced glutathione, attenuated nigral activation of NF-kappaB, inhibited nigral express

11 ed nigral activation of p21(ras), attenuated nigral activation of NF-kappaB, inhibited nigral express

12 . injection of wild-type NBD peptide reduced nigral activation of NF-kappaB, suppressed nigral microg

13 Oral administration of NaPB reduced nigral activation of p21(ras) and p21(rac), protected ni

14 simvastatin entered into the nigra, reduced nigral activation of p21(ras), attenuated nigral activat

15 In short, these results suggest that (1) nigral activity is highly plastic and modified by the le

16 In the present study, we show that direct nigral administration of a NO donor, SNOG, in the rat pr

17 tein alpha-synuclein present in dopaminergic nigral afferents in the regulation of adult neural stem

18 eport that alpha-SYN present in dopaminergic nigral afferents is essential for the normal cycling and

19 induced by early selective overexpression of nigral alpha-syn are still a matter of debate.

20 the physical symptoms, reduces the abnormal nigral alpha-synuclein content, restores nigral tyrosine

21 in was also associated with the induction of nigral alpha-synuclein pathology, persistent loss of dop

22 influence of nigral neuronal loss as well as nigral (alpha-synuclein, tau) and striatal (alpha-synucl

23 atment lowers brain tau levels and increases nigral and cortical iron elevation that is closely assoc

24 K + E61K ["3K"]) beginning near the onset of nigral and cortical neurodegeneration and the robust PD-

25 Dopaminergic nigral and cortical neurons of both LRRK2 G2019S and idi

26 tg) mouse model, which resembles the striato-nigral and motor deficits of PD.

27 ession of signaled active avoidance gated by nigral and other synaptic afferents.SIGNIFICANCE STATEME

28 However, whereas nigral and striatal (18)F-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine upta

29 In an in vivo imaging study, nigral and striatal dopaminergic function was measured i

30 of functional coupling between the putative nigral and striatal homologues is lacking.

31 reductions in ferroportin and elevations in nigral and striatal iron levels were reverted to levels

32 mpts to stimulate the neurogenic process for nigral and/or striatal dopaminergic restoration by trans

33 ath or dysfunctional neurons due to possible nigral and/or striatal neurodegenerative pathology.

34 9, and caspase 3 pathways is operative in PD nigral apoptosis.

35 In contrast, nigral application of either glutamate receptor antagoni

36 hronic AMI treatment mediates an increase in nigral BDNF both before and during ongoing degeneration,

37 with the early pathologic involvement of non-nigral brainstem regions in PD, as described by Braak.

38 ensity of striatal TH and highest density of nigral CD45 and phospho-p38 MAPK immunoreactivity observ

39 isease onset most likely exceeds that of the nigral cell bodies and has been estimated to be of the o

40 njury to the nigrostriatal pathway including nigral cell bodies, axons and striatal terminal fields.

41 ining dendrites and clusters of their parent nigral cell bodies.

42 Because these measures correlate with both nigral cell counts and parkinsonian ratings, we suggest

43 aphy (PET) tracers with in vitro measures of nigral cell counts and striatal dopamine in 1-methyl-4-p

44 along with previous work demonstrating that nigral cell counts correlate strongly with parkinsonism

45 (FD, DTBZ, CFT) correlated with stereologic nigral cell counts only for nigral loss<50% (r2=0.84, r2

46 ansporter type 2 (VMAT2), striatal dopamine, nigral cell counts, and parkinsonian motor ratings in th

47 uld provide novel insight into the causes of nigral cell death and meaningful strategies for future t

48 Histology confirmed the absence of nigral cell death with concomitant significant loss of s

49 chondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of nigral cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease.

50 oupled to its decreased expression following nigral cell degeneration suggests that it may play an im

51 n be differentiated in vitro: CSM14.1, a rat nigral cell line, and NSC34, a mouse motor neuron cell l

52 asures of nigrostriatal terminal fields when nigral cell loss does not exceed 50%.

53 Striatal dopamine deficiency without nigral cell loss is the most likely explanation for the

54 a modest but significant protection against nigral cell loss with both drugs.

55 proved motor and cognition function, rescued nigral cell loss, and improved dopamine metabolism.

56 Following MPTP induced nigral cell loss, Cu,Zn-SOD m-RNA levels were decreased

57 ild reduction in striatal TH staining but no nigral cell loss.

58 nd that APP(-/-) mice develop iron-dependent nigral cell loss.

59 son's disease that preceded other well-known nigral cell-related pathology such as phenotypic downreg

60 ised by the presence of severe pars-compacta nigral-cell loss, and accumulation of aggregated alpha-s

61 t increase of TH protein levels are shown in nigral cells in these mutant mice.

62 The remaining lesioned nigral cells of both minocycline-treated groups were lar

63 The loss of nigral cells was prevented by AG pre-treatment.

64 iased counts of tyrosine hydroxylase-stained nigral cells.

65 taining versus tyrosine hydroxylase positive nigral cells.

66 experiments demonstrate a role for amygdalo-nigral circuitry in learned modulation of attention to s

67 s in male rats diminished motor deficits and nigral DA cell loss in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induce

68 This new model of nigral DA neuron loss may enable identification of early

69 ure to chronic systemic inflammation induced nigral DA neuron loss measured by unbiased stereology.

70 require an inflammatory stimulus to develop nigral DA neuron loss, low-dose lipopolysaccaride (LPS)

71 environmental trigger may be needed to cause nigral DA neuron loss.

72 pesticide, causes selective degeneration of nigral DA neurons and Parkinson disease-like symptoms in

73 provided approximately 85% protection of the nigral DA neurons and their projections to the striatum

74 in parkin knockout mice suggests that human nigral DA neurons have unique vulnerabilities.

75 in MitoPark mouse striatal brain slices, and nigral DA neurons lacked characteristic pacemaker activi

76 eric and polymeric forms of alpha-syn in the nigral DA neurons of A53T-Tg.

77 rkin function increases the vulnerability of nigral DA neurons to inflammation-related degeneration.

78 ession of human wild-type alpha-synuclein in nigral DA neurons, induced by injection of an adeno-asso

79 in, none of them is selectively expressed in nigral DA neurons.

80 ic and neuritic alpha-syn pathologies in the nigral DA neurons.

81 Nigral DA pathology occurred more slowly in the wt-injec

82 Pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND), caused by an N279K mutation

83 n is found in PD, with predominantly ventral nigral degeneration and absent or rare Lewy bodies.

84 light on the role of dopamine metabolism in nigral degeneration and Parkinson's disease.

85 Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with nigral degeneration and striatal dopamine deficiency.

86 ny years before the development of prominent nigral degeneration and the associated parkinsonian feat

87 ction and oxidative damage in the absence of nigral degeneration in a genetic mouse model of Parkinso

88 nt A145R/I97T) reduced by 50% the retrograde nigral degeneration induced by a striatal injection of t

89 n, therefore, has been hypothesized to cause nigral degeneration via an aberrant accumulation of its

90 le for solTNF-dependent neuroinflammation in nigral degeneration.

91 iatal DA outflow and motor deficits prior to nigral degeneration.

92 bit nigrostriatal deficits in the absence of nigral degeneration.

93 abolic markers for remote effects of striato-nigral degeneration.

94 ing is a clinical correlate of pars compacta nigral degeneration.

95 ntaining projection neurons intermingle with nigral dopamine (DA) neuron dendrites.

96 s UCP2 overexpression decreased MPTP-induced nigral dopamine cell loss.

97 se the critical importance of UCP2 in normal nigral dopamine cell metabolism and offer a novel therap

98 xidative stress in PC12-D2R and immortalized nigral dopamine cells.

99 e reinnervation of dorsal striatum following nigral dopamine neuron loss induced by unilateral intras

100 f dopamine neurons, cells in addition to the nigral dopamine neurons appear to be affected by a 6-OHD

101 excess cellular levels of alpha-synuclein in nigral dopamine neurons are closely linked to a progress

102 Nigral dopamine neurons are transiently activated by hig

103 IGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The frequency at which nigral dopamine neurons discharge action potentials sets

104 through CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha) on nigral dopamine neurons in both the MPP(+)-lesioned or a

105 mans) negatively correlated with survival of nigral dopamine neurons in multiple system atrophy mice

106 predicts that a approximately 30% decline of nigral dopamine neurons is necessary to cause motor symp

107 The spontaneous tonic discharge activity of nigral dopamine neurons plays a fundamental role in dopa

108 uclein contribute to the progressive loss of nigral dopamine neurons.

109 utamyl)-lysine crosslink are increased in PD nigral dopamine neurons.

110 load in the striatum, as well as survival of nigral dopamine neurons.

111 amygdala (CeA) and its connections with the nigral dopamine system have been reported to modulate co

112 rate that the tVTA is a major GABA brake for nigral dopamine systems and nigrostriatal functions, and

113 association between nigral pigmentation and nigral dopamine transporter density.

114 sease (PD) is defined by the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic (DA) neurons and can be caused by mo

115 pesticide, causes selective degeneration of nigral dopaminergic (DA) neurons and Parkinson's disease

116 The loss of nigral dopaminergic (DA) neurons in idiopathic Parkinson

117 arkinsonism correlates well with the loss of nigral dopaminergic cell bodies but only correlates with

118 xhibit attenuated toxic effects of 6-OHDA on nigral dopaminergic cell counts, striatal dopamine conte

119 yl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced nigral dopaminergic cell loss and up-regulates HIF-1alph

120 o rats causes progressive motor deficits and nigral dopaminergic cell loss in our laboratories, but t

121 deficits, alpha-synuclein accumulation, and nigral dopaminergic cell loss.

122 Differences in nigral dopaminergic cell number between proteasome inhib

123 rosine hydroxylase staining was conducted in nigral dopaminergic cells from post-mortem tissue from p

124 ) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) following nigral dopaminergic denervation are unclear.

125 a direct activator of the paraquat-mediated nigral dopaminergic neuronal apoptotic machinery and pro

126 al regions, image uptake was associated with nigral dopaminergic neuronal density (P </= 0.04) but no

127 er, Tet2 inactivation in mice fully prevents nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by previous in

128 locomotor deficits, dopamine depletion, and nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss.

129 ), mitochondrial dysfunction associates with nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss.

130 d progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) where nigral dopaminergic neurones also degenerate.

131 bserved that PKCdelta is highly expressed in nigral dopaminergic neurons and colocalizes with TH.

132 Parkinson's disease (PD) the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons and consequently the nigrost

133 ling in striatal medium spiny neurons, adult nigral dopaminergic neurons and frontal cortical neurons

134 d genes were significantly enriched in adult nigral dopaminergic neurons and striatal medium spiny ne

135 Inhibitory responses of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons by stimulation of afferents

136 ate that PK2 expression is highly induced in nigral dopaminergic neurons during early stages of degen

137 rmore, PK2 expression increased in surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons from PD brains, indicating t

138 nd p300 expression also were observed within nigral dopaminergic neurons in alphasyn-transgenic mice.

139 electrically evoked GABAergic inhibition in nigral dopaminergic neurons in C57BL/6J mice.

140 fect motor function or cause degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in control rats.

141 The ability to successfully replace lost nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD)

142 ome analyses of laser-capture microdissected nigral dopaminergic neurons in rats and striatal neurons

143 lase staining was significantly increased in nigral dopaminergic neurons in schizophrenia compared wi

144 (1) characterize the age-related changes in nigral dopaminergic neurons in the EAAC1(-/-) mouse, and

145 n mice has no effect on the vulnerability of nigral dopaminergic neurons in vivo in this model system

146 neurotoxicity, where the LPS-induced loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons in vivo was significantly le

147 tive effects on the survival and function of nigral dopaminergic neurons in which the chronic express

148 mutations alone did not alter the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons nor striatal dopamine levels

149 hat co-localized with alpha-synuclein within nigral dopaminergic neurons of paraquat-treated and alph

150 er from studies reporting mtDNA depletion in nigral dopaminergic neurons of PD patients.

151 Stereological counts of nigral dopaminergic neurons revealed a significantly gre

152 mpensatory neuroprotective PK2 signalling in nigral dopaminergic neurons that could have important th

153 However, the MPTP-induced loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons was significantly attenuated

154 of alpha-syn protein, demise and function of nigral dopaminergic neurons, and extent of gliosis in th

155 -induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of nigral dopaminergic neurons, and recombinant proSAAS blo

156 is characterized by massive degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, dramatic motor and cognitiv

157 , decrease nigral GDNF, augment the death of nigral dopaminergic neurons, induce the loss of striatal

158 ccharide injection when mice had 30% loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, showed high efficacy in pro

159 onfirmed the expression of Hba-a2 and Hbb in nigral dopaminergic neurons, striatal gamma-aminobutyric

160 spondingly, rotenone-induced degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, their dendrites, and their

161 ntually as neurotoxic as alpha-synuclein for nigral dopaminergic neurons, whereas gamma-synuclein pro

162 Rotenone induced a severe loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, which was dramatically atte

163 evel in the axonal projections of substantia nigral dopaminergic neurons.

164 cytoglobin mRNA in transcriptome analyses of nigral dopaminergic neurons.

165 s in affected brain regions, most notably in nigral dopaminergic neurons.

166 is essential for the differentiation of the nigral dopaminergic neurons.

167 s, reduced enkephalin expression, diminished nigral dopaminergic projections, and severe deficits in

168 nflammatory reaction and degeneration of the nigral-dopaminergic neuronal system exacerbates motor de

169 ed nigral activation of NF-kappaB, inhibited nigral expression of proinflammatory molecules, and supp

170 ed nigral activation of NF-kappaB, inhibited nigral expression of proinflammatory molecules, and supp

171 nd CD8(+) T cells into the nigra, attenuated nigral expression of proinflammatory molecules, and supp

172 The METH-induced increase in nigral extracellular GABA concentrations was D1 receptor

173 disease, and identify their correlation with nigral function across all motor, cognitive and behaviou

174 dialysis to determine the potential roles of nigral GABA and glutamate receptors in the regulation of

175 eurochemical correlates such as the surge of nigral GABA and glutamate, and the reduction of thalamic

176 -113397 and SNC-80 led to the enhancement of nigral GABA, reduction of nigral Glu, and reduction of t

177 Plateau potentials can be elicited in nigral GABAergic neurons by injection of 500 ms depolari

178 The I(CAN)-mediated plateau potential in nigral GABAergic neurons likely affects the way these ne

179 s unable to cause glial activation, decrease nigral GDNF, augment the death of nigral dopaminergic ne

180 nt with putamenal and combined putamenal and nigral gene delivery, respectively.

181 the enhancement of nigral GABA, reduction of nigral Glu, and reduction of thalamic GABA levels, consi

182 show that long-term plasticity at subthalamo-nigral glutamatergic synapses (STN-SNr) sculpting the ac

183 in a patient dying 16 years following fetal nigral grafting.

184 We assessed loss of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity (DNH) on high-field susceptibility

185 impairments that were completely reverted by nigral injections of the CB1r antagonist (AM251).

186 ruloplasmin attenuated neurodegeneration and nigral iron elevation in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-t

187 Nigral iron elevation is also a feature of Parkinsonian

188 Nigral LB-enriched fractions containing pathological alp

189 into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB, full nigral lesion) as an animal model of Parkinson's disease

190 The native protein is a major component of nigral Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease, and full-leng

191 r and cognitive alterations, and presence of nigral Lewy bodies, whose main constituent is alpha-synu

192 represent subsystems with the nigro-striato-nigral loop that are affected in human disorders includi

193 ake correlated with nigral neurons only when nigral loss was <50%.

194 with stereologic nigral cell counts only for nigral loss<50% (r2=0.84, r2=0.86, r2=0.87, p<0.001 resp

195 To study the mechanisms by which nigral microglia are activated in PD, the potential role

196 d nigral activation of NF-kappaB, suppressed nigral microglial activation, protected both the nigrost

197 Conversely, NCS-1 knockout exacerbated nigral neurodegeneration and downregulated Cav2.3.

198 oglia, likely either initiates or aggravates nigral neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD).

199 hereby leading to persistent and progressive nigral neurodegeneration in PD.

200 DJ-1 knockout (KO) rats exhibit progressive nigral neurodegeneration with about 50% dopaminergic cel

201 tomography to visualize the concentration of nigral neuromelanin in Parkinson's disease and correlate

202 ate a role of the netrin-1/DCC pair in adult nigral neuron fate.

203 ted at the SN provide faithful correlates of nigral neuronal counts across a full range of lesion sev

204 These results suggest that nigral neuronal damage, regardless of etiology, may rele

205 Similarly, nigral neuronal density was assessed quantitatively.

206 ed participants without PD were assessed for nigral neuronal loss and alpha-synuclein immunopositive

207 s that adjusted for age, sex, and education, nigral neuronal loss and Lewy bodies were both related t

208 signs and pathological findings that include nigral neuronal loss and TDP-43 pathology.

209 We aimed to investigate the influence of nigral neuronal loss as well as nigral (alpha-synuclein,

210 About (1/3) of cases had mild or more severe nigral neuronal loss, and about 17% had Lewy bodies.

211 ly NMD3 (rs34016896; P = .03) was related to nigral neuronal loss, and no associations were detected

212 brains, LRRK2 immunoreactivity localized to nigral neuronal processes is dramatically reduced which

213 we identify Cav2.3 channels as regulators of nigral neuronal viability.

214 armoset SN, and OPN protein was localised to nigral neurones although these were not dopaminergic cel

215 alpha-synuclein diffusely accumulated within nigral neurons and anatomically interconnected regions,

216 other voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in mouse nigral neurons and upregulated during aging.

217 lular inclusions, Lewy bodies, in substantia nigral neurons and, potentially, in the pathology of Par

218 nths, in contrast to the substantial loss of nigral neurons characteristic of Parkinson's disease.

219 This reduction was significantly greater in nigral neurons containing alpha-synuclein inclusions.

220 ofluorescence was significantly decreased in nigral neurons containing alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive

221 d a significant proportion of Lewy bodies in nigral neurons containing SUMO1 and PIAS2.

222 -localization with histones in the nuclei of nigral neurons from mice exposed to a toxic insult (i.e.

223 ATP13A2 levels are decreased in dopaminergic nigral neurons from patients with PD, in which ATP13A2 m

224 s expressed in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nigral neurons in mice and humans, protects cells from M

225 -essential role of parkin in the survival of nigral neurons in mice.

226 nificant reduction in the number of Nurr1-ir nigral neurons in middle-aged (23.13%) and aged (46.33%)

227 Furthermore, the firing of nigral neurons in R1441C KI mice show reduced sensitivit

228 oxylase and RET proto-oncogene expression in nigral neurons in the patient where CERE120 was directly

229 Nigral neurons lacking DJ-1 were less sensitive to the i

230 Loss of melanized nigral neurons lags behind the loss of dopamine markers.

231 However, dysfunctional nigral neurons may have an additional effect on striatal

232 evation of RTP801 we detect in PD substantia nigral neurons may mediate their degeneration and death

233 However, surviving nigral neurons occasionally exhibit LRRK2 immunostaining

234 Tracer uptake correlated with nigral neurons only when nigral loss was <50%.

235 The firing rate of most nigral neurons reflected Cartesian coordinates (either x

236 individual with Parkinson's disease, grafted nigral neurons were found to have Lewy body-like inclusi

237 ment showed that the numbers of dopaminergic nigral neurons were significantly reduced by 29% and the

238 Nigral neurons with alpha-synuclein inclusions exhibited

239 In many nigral neurons, I(CAN) is masked by tetraethylammonium-s

240 AAV2-NTN significantly preserved nigral neurons, significantly preserved striatal dopamin

241 (STN-SNr) sculpting the activity patterns of nigral neurons, the main output of the network, is also

242 ds in the putamen as well as the originating nigral neurons.

243 nd aberrant mitochondrial ultrastructures in nigral neurons.

244 of endogenous NPCs and protection of mature nigral neurons.

245 aggregated SYN as cytoplasmic inclusions in nigral neurons.

246 BAX levels have been found in a subset of PD nigral neurons.

247 rminal pathology without significant loss of nigral neurons.

248 ototypical PARV+ GPe neurons or dopaminergic nigral neurons.

249 f phosphorylated alpha-syn from the affected nigral neurons.

250 with and without the Snell genotype, whereas nigral neuropil aggregates were diminished in bigenic HD

251 However, activation of both nigral NK1 and NK3 receptors appears to be required for

252 d dopamine synthesis capacity is seen in the nigral origin of dopamine neurons as well as their stria

253 asome system and proteolytic stress underlie nigral pathology in both familial and sporadic forms of

254 development of parkinsonian motor signs and nigral pathology in older persons.

255 INTERPRETATION: Nigral pathology is common in persons without PD and may

256 We tested the hypothesis that nigral pathology is related to parkinsonism in older per

257 The nigral pathology triggered by fibrils in combination wit

258 d form of S129 exacerbates alpha-syn-induced nigral pathology, whereas Ser-129 phosphorylation elimin

259 tive feedback through the cortico-subthalamo-nigral pathway and the striatal feedforward inhibition.

260 a pharmacological blockade of the subthalamo-nigral pathway suppresses seizures).

261 ic transmission along the cortico-subthalamo-nigral pathway while keeping constant the average firing

262 ive feedback provided by the cortico-striato-nigral pathway.

263 oluble alpha-synuclein derived from the same nigral PD tissue.

264 triatum exhibited numerous DA neurons in the nigral piece and robust ingrowth into the striatal piece

265 is showed no significant association between nigral pigmentation and nigral dopamine transporter dens

266 Within the Parkinson's disease group, nigral pigmentation was lower in the ventral tier as com

267 that pathological impairments of subthalamo-nigral plasticity may enhance BG outputs and thereby con

268 These data suggest that nigral plateau potentials are mediated by a calcium-acti

269 Neocortical-type, but not nigral-predominant or limbic-type Lewy body pathology wa

270 ic strategy to determine whether the dlVP or nigral projections from the NAcore are necessary for coc

271 rease of PDE10A in the striatoentopeduncular/nigral projections might lead to increased intensity and

272 superior colliculus (DLSC), a key target of nigral projections, are required for the emergence of CD

273 tivation of p21(ras) and p21(rac), protected nigral reduced glutathione, attenuated nigral activation

274 The magnitude of the nigral signal loss was smaller than the decrease in stri

275 Whole-cell recording of GABA neurons in nigral slices confirmed that NOP receptor blockade enhan

276 Cav2.3 knockout reduced activity-associated nigral somatic Ca(2+) signals and Ca(2+)-dependent after

277 Moreover, reducing nigral SRY expression diminished or removed the male bia

278 Here we demonstrate that nigral SRY expression is highly and persistently up-regu

279 Remarkably, lowering nigral SRY expression with antisense oligonucleotides in

280 DA cell death and suggests that suppressing nigral Sry synthesis represents a sex-specific strategy

281 iptional downregulation of Hba-a2 and Hbb in nigral, striatal, and cortical neurons.

282 for DJ-1 in the survival and/or function of nigral-striatal neurons.

283 ingly, although PK2 expression is low in the nigral system, its receptors are constitutively expresse

284 grative units within the dopamine-containing nigral system.

285 he present studies determined to what extent nigral tachykinin receptor subtypes contribute to striat

286 sed tachykinin peptides and their respective nigral tachykinin receptors are also in position to infl

287 prevent CD by inhibition of the appropriate nigral target region(s).

288 other terminal field measures correlate with nigral TH immunoreactive (TH-ir) cell counts only when n

289 ls, but by 26 wk the wt alpha-syn group lost nigral TH neurons equivalent to the mutated S129A group

290 immunoreactive (TH-ir) cell counts only when nigral TH-ir cell loss does not exceed 50%.

291 observed between pigmentation of the ventral nigral tier with striatal dopamine transporter binding i

292 did not affect the release of serotonin from nigral tissue, this drug did enhance dopamine release.

293 lack of striatal Nolz1 expression results in nigral to pallidal lineage conversion of striatal projec

294 Fetal nigral transplantation currently cannot be recommended a

295 Two clinical trials of fetal nigral transplantation failed to meet their primary endp

296 ble-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fetal nigral transplantation.

297 mal nigral alpha-synuclein content, restores nigral tyrosine hydroxylase expression and striatal neur

298 utaneously to rats and quantified substantia nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neuron

299 ween symptom dominant side and contralateral nigral volume of distribution.

300 echanism whereby LRRK2 mutants contribute to nigral vulnerability remains unclear.