ライフサイエンスコーパス: nuclear gene

1 an be excised by Cre or Int expressed from a nuclear gene.

2 lastid-targeted Cre protein expressed from a nuclear gene.

3 iseases by modification of the corresponding nuclear gene.

4 t controls the expression of several hundred nuclear genes.

5 l demography of J. blancoi populations using nuclear genes.

6 t any trace of introgression in the analysed nuclear genes.

7 of the interaction between the cytoplasm and nuclear genes.

8 ze of mtDNA genes is much lower than that of nuclear genes.

9 earrangement and deletion/disruption of five nuclear genes.

10 :1 induced the expression of similar sets of nuclear genes.

11 and genetic variants in any of the analysed nuclear genes.

12 al response involving 268 almost exclusively nuclear genes.

13 n activation/repression of a large number of nuclear genes.

14 ss all chloroplast genes and the majority of nuclear genes.

15 lastid envelope membranes and are encoded by nuclear genes.

16 ne plastid-encoded gene (clpP1) and multiple nuclear genes.

17 e to translate polycistronically transcribed nuclear genes.

18 of chromatophore genes and most EGT-derived nuclear genes.

19 ts of the restricted genomes, is directed by nuclear genes.

20 well as the induction of development-related nuclear genes.

21 dely used to knock down expression levels of nuclear genes.

22 is composed of three subunits encoded by two nuclear genes: (1) POLG codes for the 140-kilodalton (kD

23 ge by assembling a multilocus data set of 77 nuclear genes (12,149 unambiguously aligned amino acid p

24 protein-coding genes (COI, ND2 and CytB) and nuclear genes (5.8S, ITS2 and 28S) for 516 specimens col

25 Eight nuclear genes (8 kb) were initially sequenced for 86 put

26 regulate the expression of a large number of nuclear genes, a process called retrograde signaling.

27 wo species using DNA sequence data from four nuclear genes (Abd-A, EF1alpha-F1, EF1alpha-F2, and Wing

28 diverse, with mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear genes able to cause defects in mitochondrial gen

29 ributed in part to variation in a duplicated nuclear gene (ACC2) that targets homomeric acetyl-coenzy

30 )-initiated plastid-to-nucleus signaling and nuclear gene activation after mutagenizing a flu line ex

31 tory chain deficiency addressing the role of nuclear genes affecting mitochondrial protein synthesis

32 e plastid regulate photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes and are essential to successful chloroplas

33 g coordinate expression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes and cofactor biosynthesis.

34 nrichment approach to sample 400 single-copy nuclear genes and estimate the phylogenetic relationship

35 riptional regulator of mitochondrion-related nuclear genes and genes encoding subunits of complexes I

36 egregate earlier during speciation than most nuclear genes and hence detect earlier stages of speciat

37 ibosomal proteins (MRPs) that are encoded by nuclear genes and imported into the matrix.

38 Using phylogenetic analyses of nuclear genes and leaf transcriptomes, we show that fund

39 ousand mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and must be imported from the cytosol.

40 Sequence data of three nuclear genes and three plastid DNA fragments from 109 a

41 me required to remove the plastid marker and nuclear genes and to obtain seed takes 10-16 months, dep

42 found evidence of the horizontal transfer of nuclear genes, and argue that HGT has undoubtedly had pr

43 l molecular data, separate mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and individual loci, and they are robust

44 morphism are also examined in both mtDNA and nuclear genes, and it is shown that the effective popula

45 h the same anticodon are encoded by multiple nuclear genes, and little is known about how mutations i

46 Evidence from morphology, nuclear genes, and most sites in the mitochondrial genom

47 us to retrieve the plastome, 57 single copy nuclear genes, and the nuclear ribosomal ITS from 29 spe

48 ons were found to have captured fragments of nuclear genes ( approximately 840 different fragment acq

49 array data at least 51 plastid genes and 121 nuclear genes are expressed at least two-fold higher in

50 st biogenesis have revealed that hundreds of nuclear genes are regulated by retrograde signals emitte

51 and the remaining subunits, the products of nuclear genes, are imported from the cytosol.

52 All three isoforms are encoded by nuclear genes, are synthesized as larger precursors in t

53 or treating monogenetic disorders, including nuclear genes associated with mitochondrial disorders.

54 The c-subunit is produced from three nuclear genes, ATP5G1, ATP5G2, and ATP5G3, encoding iden

55 sequences of two single-copy protein-coding nuclear genes (BDNF and RAG1) and a set of congruent tim

56 l genes is significantly reduced relative to nuclear genes because of the non-recombining nature of t

57 festans using sequences from portions of two nuclear genes (beta-tubulin and Ras) and several mitocho

58 we removed the effect of any differences in nuclear genes by constructing transmitochondrial cybrids

59 A single nuclear gene can be translated into a dual localized pro

60 cybrids have different expression levels for nuclear genes (CFH, EFEMP1, VEGFA and NFkB2).

61 ither mutations in the mtDNA or mutations in nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial proteins.

62 In primary transcripts of eukaryotic nuclear genes, coding sequences are often interrupted by

63 napus or maize (Zea mays), where duplicated nuclear genes compensate for its absence or loss of func

64 In addition to the nuclear gene contribution, the source of the mtDNA influ

65 for the design of mutant screens to identify nuclear genes controlling plastid inheritance.

66 is favored by phylogenetic analysis of large nuclear gene data sets.

67 NA deletions in muscle without an identified nuclear gene defect.

68 ed to significantly increase cytoplasmic and nuclear gene delivery.

69 We report a new nuclear gene, designated ATP25 (reading frame YMR098C on

70 ng a phylogeographic analysis of plastid and nuclear gene DNA variation.

71 Chloroplast signals regulate hundreds of nuclear genes during development and in response to stre

72 des-long standing inefficiencies in targeted nuclear gene editing broadly hinder Chlamydomonas resear

73 tochondrial biology remain, including: which nuclear genes encode mitochondrial proteins; how their e

74 This nuclear gene encodes the catalytic subunit of replicativ

75 Notably, this nuclear gene encodes the only mitochondrial DNA ligase a

76 t contains the active site, a family of rbcS nuclear genes encodes the Rubisco small subunits, which

77 t resulted in the identification of REP27, a nuclear gene encoding a putative chloroplast-targeted pr

78 g the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the nuclear gene encoding bindin to evaluate the possibility

79 0.70% for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear gene encoding bindin, respectively, which is sig

80 e nucleotide salvage pathway, encoded by the nuclear gene encoding deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK).

81 t compound heterozygous mutations within the nuclear gene encoding human mitochondrial MTF (mt-MTF) s

82 s demonstrated in yeast mutants in which the nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formy

83 We used TALEN-technology to knock out the nuclear gene encoding NDUFA9, a subunit of mitochondrial

84 ost exclusively to dominant mutations in the nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial protein mitofusi

85 ors that regulate both chloroplast genes and nuclear genes encoding chloroplast protein, which sheds

86 Regulation of the expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast proteins allows for m

87 her respiratory defects on the expression of nuclear genes encoding components of the respiratory com

88 n the dgd1 dgs1 double mutant, expression of nuclear genes encoding enzymes of the alternative galact

89 ors NRF1 and NRF2 regulate the expression of nuclear genes encoding heme biosynthetic enzymes, protei

90 Our analysis shows that nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are not co

91 and biogenesis and changes in expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in human s

92 e master regulator of the expression of many nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in yeast.

93 The expression of a variety of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins is known t

94 anscription factors regulates a broad set of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, including

95 that depend strictly on the transcription of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins.

96 hat IFN-gamma induces the expression of many nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial respiratory chain m

97 Arabidopsis thaliana contains nuclear genes encoding orthologs of key enzymes of bacte

98 e phosphorylation protein complexes, whereas nuclear genes encoding other subunits of the same comple

99 a role in communication between plastid and nuclear genes encoding photosynthetic proteins during ab

100 accumulation of transcripts from plastid and nuclear genes encoding plastid ribosomal proteins during

101 ignals are known to coordinate expression of nuclear genes encoding plastid-localized proteins in a p

102 sociated with reduced neuronal expression of nuclear genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial ele

103 significantly lower expression of 70% of the nuclear genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial ele

104 ondrial genome and the coding exons of >1000 nuclear genes encoding the mitochondrial proteome) allow

105 The expression of chloroplast and nuclear genes encoding the PSI subunits (psaA, psaB, and

106 es, are significantly shared by promoters of nuclear-genes encoding chloroplast proteins.

107 Most eDNA surveys use the nuclear gene-encoding small-subunit rDNA gene (18S) as a

108 reported to be involved in the expression of nuclear genes essential for chloroplast biogenesis.

109 leaves containing Mu and Ds insertions into nuclear gene exons encoding the critical o- and n-subuni

110 ation far beyond that provided by changes in nuclear gene expression alone.

111 hila We show that ATF4 activation reprograms nuclear gene expression and contributes to neuronal dysf

112 a signal transduction cascade that regulates nuclear gene expression and plant development.

113 that involves a concurrent reprogramming of nuclear gene expression and plastid morphology for impro

114 ignals and their mechanisms used to regulate nuclear gene expression are unknown.

115 aling have mainly analyzed the regulation of nuclear gene expression at the transcript level.

116 and contributed to the loss of p53-dependent nuclear gene expression during genotoxic drug treatment.

117 rcadian clock to fine-tune the regulation of nuclear gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thal

118 ct posttranscriptional control mechanisms of nuclear gene expression in response to plastid-derived r

119 chloroplast retrograde signal that modulates nuclear gene expression in response to stress, can inhib

120 Here we monitor mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae duri

121 ncrease in heme synthesis is able to restore nuclear gene expression in sig2 mutants only.

122 perception and the subsequent regulation of nuclear gene expression in the model plant Arabidopsis t

123 content and codon usage to the efficiency of nuclear gene expression in the unicellular green alga Ch

124 o analyse the effects of these treatments on nuclear gene expression in various Arabidopsis (Arabidop

125 Mechanisms that link neural activity to nuclear gene expression include activity-regulated facto

126 etrograde signaling in plants to ensure that nuclear gene expression is attuned to the needs of the c

127 rates a signal that is relayed to changes in nuclear gene expression is not well understood.

128 Nuclear gene expression is regulated by a diversity of r

129 cell fate decisions, but how they influence nuclear gene expression is understood poorly.

130 mbalance also correlates to modifications of nuclear gene expression patterns, which in turn leads to

131 roplast and generates massive changes in the nuclear gene expression required for the transition to p

132 flu mutant of Arabidopsis, reprogramming of nuclear gene expression reveals a rapid transfer of sign

133 Finally, we propose that using a UPR(mt) nuclear gene expression signature may be a more reliable

134 ic stress, chloroplasts communicate with the nuclear gene expression system through a chloroplast unf

135 -to-nucleus retrograde signaling coordinates nuclear gene expression with chloroplast function and is

136 cium entry across the cell surface activates nuclear gene expression, a process critically important

137 timulation at the cell surface to changes in nuclear gene expression, is conserved throughout eukaryo

138 onses, including transcriptional rewiring of nuclear gene expression, return to levels, such as, or e

139 ne the effects of plastid gene expression on nuclear gene expression, we analyzed Arabidopsis mutants

140 Because cyclophilins can regulate nuclear gene expression, we examined whether Cyp-D could

141 ription and retrograde signalling to control nuclear gene expression.

142 TFAM also plays a role in the regulation of nuclear gene expression.

143 of the chloroplast has a dramatic impact on nuclear gene expression.

144 hetic carbon metabolism but also plastid and nuclear gene expression.

145 portant roles in cell survival by regulating nuclear gene expression.

146 opmental changes include altered patterns of nuclear gene expression.

147 ough chloroplast degradation, cell death and nuclear gene expression.

148 anslocation and their role in the control of nuclear gene expression.

149 ectly from chloroplasts to nuclei to control nuclear gene expression.

150 ulting ultimately in Gli-mediated changes in nuclear gene expression.

151 To date, all of these etiologic nuclear genes fall into one of two categories: genes who

152 xtensive duplications and diversification of nuclear gene families encoding phycobilisome linker prot

153 and eight small subunits (RbcS) encoded by a nuclear gene family.

154 deficient lines harbouring mutations in the nuclear gene for the factor TAA1 that is required for ps

155 , arises predominantly from mutations in the nuclear gene for the mitochondrial GTPase, OPA1.

156 erate features are offset by the presence of nuclear genes for alternative respiratory pathways.

157 Transcriptomic analysis indicated that nuclear genes for chloroplast proteins are down-regulate

158 plast-derived signals modulate expression of nuclear genes for chloroplast proteins.

159 ial ATPase complexes formed by disruption of nuclear genes for individual subunits provide a descript

160 ondrial DNA (mtDNA) is entirely dependent on nuclear genes for its transcription and replication.

161 In an exploration of nuclear genes for mtDNA maintenance linked to mitochondr

162 1 mutation suppresses the down-regulation of nuclear genes for photosynthesis induced by the prors1-1

163 cted phylogenetic trees from 14 kilobases of nuclear genes for representatives from most major primat

164 ion, at least in part, via the expression of nuclear genes for the plastid transcription machinery.

165 te organellar exomes and a comparable set of nuclear genes for this major lineage of land plants.

166 hylogeny of Vespidae based on data from four nuclear gene fragments (18S and 28S ribosomal DNA, abdom

167 ked to a variety of molecular defects in the nuclear gene FRDA.

168 the expression of 80 metabolically relevant nuclear genes from laser-capture microdissected non-tang

169 The nuclear genes from newly generated transcriptomes reveal

170 chain, we show that when in combination with nuclear genes from the alloxan-resistant (ALR) strain, m

171 families were sampled for 19 protein-coding nuclear genes, from which maximum likelihood tree estima

172 ntrast, light regulation of PhANGs and other nuclear gene groups appears to be fully functional in th

173 act of chloroplast redox signals on distinct nuclear gene groups including genes for the mitochondria

174 ponse that involves changes in expression of nuclear genes implicated in chloroplast biogenesis, prot

175 tic perturbation of the MutS Homolog1 (MSH1) nuclear gene in five plant species, that MSH1 functions

176 ar phenotypes associated with mutations in a nuclear gene in maize (Zea mays), white2 (w2), encoding

177 n plant species and in promoter sequences of nuclear genes in Arabidopsis and rice.

178 genome evolution, with 18% (or 4,500) of all nuclear genes in Arabidopsis thaliana having a cyanobact

179 , and the expression of inflammation-related nuclear genes in both parental and rho(0) SAE cells in r

180 recent analyses have turned up a handful of nuclear genes in chromalveolates that are of green algal

181 ptional activation of mitochondrion-targeted nuclear genes in concert with reduced signaling via pero

182 Cells modulate expression of nuclear genes in response to alterations in mitochondria

183 control the expression of a large number of nuclear genes in response to environmental and developme

184 e (approximately 35-40 times higher than the nuclear genes) in the mitochondria of Nasonia.

185 This defect in regulating nuclear gene induction in response to a defect in a mito

186 relative mutation rates of mitochondrial and nuclear genes influence mitochondrial-to-nuclear gene tr

187 ld underlie mtDNA introgression, and whether nuclear genes interacting with mitochondria ("mitonuc" g

188 d found additional heterozygous mutations in nuclear genes interacting with mt-tRNAGlu including EARS

189 One nuclear gene involved in this process is Msh1.

190 lpha (ERRalpha) directs the transcription of nuclear genes involved in energy homeostasis control and

191 Mutations in nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) main

192 Mutations in several mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial protein synthesi

193 owed a combined approach of sequencing known nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial protein synthesi

194 relate with clinical outcomes and identified nuclear genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and

195 Three nuclear genes involved in plant mitochondrial recombinat

196 revealed differential regulation of numerous nuclear genes involved in stress responses together with

197 its mitochondrial genome but also nearly all nuclear genes involved in transcription and replication

198 unable to express ARG8(m) when this normally nuclear gene is substituted for ATP6 or ATP8 in mitochon

199 express a recoded ARG8(m) when this normally nuclear gene is substituted for ATP8 in mitochondrial DN

200 orrelation between polymorphism in mtDNA and nuclear genes is found across populations, which suggest

201 ongly supported conflict in the remainder of nuclear genes is suggestive of incomplete lineage sortin

202 ltransferase-like 15 (METTL15), encoded by a nuclear gene, is responsible for 12S mt-rRNA methylation

203 cumulation of the LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEX B nuclear genes LHCB1.2 and LHCB2.3 was markedly reduced.

204 terility is caused by a dominant allele in a nuclear gene, mean-field calculations greatly underestim

205 l-dominant or recessive mutations in several nuclear genes, most of which play a role in mtDNA replic

206 One nuclear gene, MSH1, appears to participate in suppressin

207 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes and numerous nuclear genes (MT-nDNA).

208 g enhances the ability to identify potential nuclear gene mutations in patients with biochemically de

209 ociated with NADH dehydrogenase subunits and nuclear gene mutations that affect mitochondrial functio

210 view focuses on our current understanding of nuclear gene mutations that produce mtDNA alterations an

211 Our discovery of a bilin-dependent nuclear gene network implicates a widespread use of bili

212 functional ACC2, tolerant alleles of several nuclear genes, not yet identified, enhance the growth of

213 the second scenario, we demonstrated that a nuclear gene of oxygenic photosynthesis, psbO, is expres

214 Under this view, nuclear genes of either eukaryotic or bacterial (noncyan

215 ve significantly altered expression of eight nuclear genes of the alternative complement, inflammatio

216 ts, we examined the effect of a single plant nuclear gene on the expression and transmission of pheno

217 e time estimates with studies using a single nuclear gene or whole mitochondrial genomes, we find tha

218 e original endosymbiont have been usurped by nuclear genes or interactions, conserved functional elem

219 s that there are no non-random influences of nuclear genes or other factors.

220 We reveal that the essential nuclear gene, P. falciparum histone deacetylase 2 (PfHda

221 g1 and rpoC2/sig2, but not for other plastid/nuclear gene pairs, and identified the correlation of dN

222 inence even greater than glimpsed during the nuclear gene PCR era.

223 e present evidence that the maize (Zea mays) nuclear gene Pentatricopeptide repeat 2263 (PPR2263) enc

224 confirmed by our analysis of the single-copy nuclear gene PGK.

225 f some but not all photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) and change the fluence rate respo

226 nstrate that HiToP photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) are largely regulated by translat

227 ased expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) when chloroplast development has

228 LEA) proteins, and photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs).

229 The nuclear gene PIFI (At3g15840) containing the T-DNA inser

230 cular level because of the massive number of nuclear genes potentially involved in intramitochondrial

231 lates expression of plastid redox associated nuclear genes (PRANGs).

232 MutS HOMOLOG1 (MSH1) is a plant-specific nuclear gene product that functions in both mitochondria

233 The 2,000-3,000 nuclear gene products that localize to plastids are requ

234 subunits and a different subset of the eight nuclear gene products that make up this respiratory comp

235 nge activity controlled to a large extent by nuclear gene products.

236 Using a low-copy nuclear gene region (LEAFY second intron) we show multip

237 We sequenced four nuclear gene regions and performed a phylogenetic analys

238 FINDINGS: We use three mitochondrial and one nuclear gene regions to estimate the phylogenetic relati

239 The nuclear gene regulatory elements that enabled the erstwh

240 lular bioenergetics and expression levels of nuclear genes related to complement, inflammation and ap

241 e frequency, whereas silencing expression of nuclear genes related to plastid genome expression and t

242 We identified a nuclear gene required specifically for the accumulation

243 rbation of plastid homeostasis and represses nuclear genes required for normal chloroplast developmen

244 rders have been associated with mutations of nuclear genes responsible for mitochondrial DNA maintena

245 tochondrial mRNAs or alter the expression of nuclear genes responsible for mitochondrial transcriptio

246 nalyses using 59 carefully selected low-copy nuclear genes resulted in highly supported relationships

247 owever, phylogenetic analyses of 20 unlinked nuclear genes reveal a genome-wide signal that unequivoc

248 myces cerevisiae selected strains deleted in nuclear genes revealed that cells lacking the Mlp1/2 nuc

249 ns, but similar levels of microsatellite and nuclear gene sequence variation.

250 Amazon rainforest was inferred from several nuclear genes, sequenced from a single leg.

251 ore than 1,100 mitochondrial, apicoplast and nuclear gene sequences from chimpanzees and gorillas rev

252 Our analyses, which use multiple nuclear gene sequences in conjunction with 36 fossil age

253 phylogeny inferred for 65 species from three nuclear gene sequences.

254 e two treatments inhibited largely different nuclear gene sets, suggesting that they affected differe

255 h plastid (rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2) and nuclear genes (sig1-6).

256 pressed short interfering RNAs, which direct nuclear gene silencing in germ cells.

257 tructurally unique intron-poor collection of nuclear genes skewed toward nucleic acid metabolism.

258 transcriptional cofactor that activates many nuclear genes specifying mitochondrial respiratory funct

259 sults reveal significant variability in both nuclear genes, suggesting that the commonality of yellow

260 ed time-calibrated phylogeny inferred from a nuclear gene supermatrix that includes 520 acanthomorph

261 In plants, nuclear genes suppress mitochondrial DNA rearrangements

262 ine, TAG-FN, was caused by disruption of the nuclear gene (SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION1 [SVR1]) for a c

263 l but two membrane components are encoded in nuclear genes, synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes, imp

264 We suggest that nuclear gene testing may enable a more rapid diagnosis a

265 Such gene flow is much stronger in nuclear genes than in maternally inherited mitochondrial

266 ntrolled manner owing to deletion of Sod2, a nuclear gene that encodes the mitochondrial antioxidant

267 tolerance is mediated by ACC2, a duplicated nuclear gene that targets homomeric acetyl-coenzyme A ca

268 n the large number of both mitochondrial and nuclear genes that are involved.

269 t of 29 slowly evolving mitochondria-derived nuclear genes that are less biased than mitochondria-enc

270 als accounted for at least one subset of the nuclear genes that are regulated by the plastid biogenes

271 and all three associate with NRF-2-dependent nuclear genes that direct the expression of the mitochon

272 used by mutations of mitochondrial DNA or of nuclear genes that encode mitochondrial proteins.

273 Here, to find nuclear genes that impact mtDNA competition, we screened

274 the identification of numerous mutations of nuclear genes that impair mtDNA maintenance and expressi

275 e concerted regulation of distinct groups of nuclear genes that may avert harm from mitochondrial mal

276 This review discusses a few newly discovered nuclear genes, their function with respect to the phot-,

277 Thymidine kinase 2, encoded by the nuclear gene TK2, is required for mitochondrial DNA main

278 Mutations in the nuclear gene, TK2, cause TK2 deficiency, which manifests

279 y loop that couples cytoskeletal dynamics to nuclear gene transcription during brain development.

280 Nuclear gene transcription is coordinated with transcrip

281 ll-known epigenetic mechanism that regulates nuclear gene transcription.

282 and nuclear genes influence mitochondrial-to-nuclear gene transfer.

283 This report shows that plant-plant lateral nuclear gene transfers can be a potent source of genetic

284 Most CI subunits are encoded by nuclear genes, translated in the cytoplasm, and imported

285 abase comprises partial sequences from three nuclear genes: translation elongation factor 1alpha (EF-

286 the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes upon light illumination.

287 of expression of targeted stress-responsive nuclear genes via modulation of the levels of MEcPP, a s

288 e known to repress photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes via retrograde signals from the disturbed

289 ression of five of six mitochondrion-related nuclear genes was down-regulated.

290 relationship in mitochondrial and individual nuclear genes, we conclude that host and parasite occupy

291 At least 229 nuclear genes were acquired via HGT from various bacteri

292 Six nuclear genes were sequenced to estimate the patterns an

293 Eighteen nuclear genes were sequenced to estimate the two species

294 lize products of 37 mitochondrial and >1,000 nuclear genes, which should be compatible with each othe

295 in the mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes or in nuclear genes whose products are imported into the mitoc

296 ations in mitochondrial DNA and mutations in nuclear genes, whose protein products are involved in mi

297 Importantly, the transfer of functional nuclear genes with adaptive significance has been report

298 its target promoters, activating a subset of nuclear genes with roles in the biogenesis of respirator

299 mtDNA accumulated more lesions than did two nuclear genes, with total damage of the mt genome estima

300 s accumulate substitutions more quickly than nuclear genes, yet the impact of selection on mitochondr