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1 n four groups (interfacial, rim, allosteric, orthosteric) according to their properties and spatial l
3 ides crucial insights into the mechanisms of orthosteric activation and allosteric modulation of musc
4 rthosteric agonists, Tyr-93 can conduct both orthosteric activation and desensitization among the sub
5 vealed mechanistic information regarding the orthosteric activation by 5-HT and by the partial agonis
6 inetic analysis revealed that allosteric and orthosteric activation mechanisms can be described by th
8 identify Tyr-93 as an essential element for orthosteric activation, because Y93C mutants are insensi
9 eting of SHP2 was hampered by the failure of orthosteric active-site inhibitors to achieve selectivit
10 , and mutagenesis results suggested that the orthosteric agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine binds
12 ic activation in addition to potentiation of orthosteric agonist activity, which identifies it as an
14 ta(2)-adrenergic receptor in complex with an orthosteric agonist and compound-6FA, a positive alloste
15 ntiated macroscopic currents elicited by the orthosteric agonist and directly elicited currents with
18 anges are coupled between the extracellular, orthosteric agonist binding domain and the transmembrane
23 e positively modulate the binding of the CB1 orthosteric agonist CP55,940 while exhibiting an antagon
26 ffects on the modulation of responses to the orthosteric agonist l-quisqualate and the allosteric mod
28 Residues involved in cooperativity with the orthosteric agonist NECA were different in PD81723 and V
30 eptors were determined in complex with their orthosteric agonist peptides, however, little is known a
31 Ms), and 5) compounds that have no effect on orthosteric agonist responses but block allosteric modul
32 duce signaling and also selectively traffics orthosteric agonist signaling via the ERK phosphorylatio
34 like PNU-120596, require coapplication of an orthosteric agonist to produce large channel activations
35 M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) orthosteric agonist xanomeline (1) and the putative M1 m
36 ydroxylpropyl]cyclohe xan-1-ol (CP55,940, an orthosteric agonist) while at the same time decreasing i
37 his work expands the characterization of the orthosteric agonist, iperoxo, at the M(4) receptor, and
38 couple to PLD not only failed to potentiate orthosteric agonist-induced LTD but also blocked M(1)-de
39 of mGluR1alpha is adjacent to the site where orthosteric agonists and antagonists bind on the extrace
42 pha7 mutant C190A, which is not activated by orthosteric agonists but is effectively activated by GAT
45 d in vivo pharmacological actions of the CB1 orthosteric agonists CP55,940 and N-arachidonoylethanola
46 esis studies indicate that the compounds are orthosteric agonists despite the absence of a carboxylat
47 tivity binding of [(3)H]LY2119620 with mAChR orthosteric agonists detects significant changes in Bmax
50 in penetrant, increased the potency of these orthosteric agonists in mouse behavioral assays indicati
52 increase the affinity and/or efficacy of the orthosteric agonists leu-enkephalin, SNC80 and TAN67, as
56 responsive manner, whereas M1 allosteric and orthosteric agonists showed weak affinity (>30 muM).
57 acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation by orthosteric agonists with intrinsic allosteric agonist a
58 toxin, a positive allosteric modulator, and orthosteric agonists, at 3.8 to 4.1 angstrom resolution.
60 the restraints placed on the requirement for orthosteric agonists, Tyr-93 can conduct both orthosteri
65 Undesirable side effects associated with orthosteric agonists/antagonists of cannabinoid 1 recept
66 Although PAMs must work in concert with "orthosteric" agonists, compounds such as GAT107 ((3aR,4S
67 d differential potentiation depending on the orthosteric-allosteric pairing, with the largest coopera
72 At the single-channel level, activation by orthosteric and allosteric agonists appeared as openings
73 and steady-state activity in the presence of orthosteric and allosteric agonists, and the inhibitory
76 ts into P2Y1R should enable discovery of new orthosteric and allosteric antithrombotic drugs with red
78 of many GPCRs and the identification of both orthosteric and allosteric binding sites have provided f
79 eptor structures, reveals differences in the orthosteric and allosteric binding sites that contribute
81 )-imido]triphosphate, suggests that both the orthosteric and allosteric ligands can alter the populat
82 ammalian cells, extracellular protons act as orthosteric and allosteric ligands for multiple receptor
83 )-epsilon-methionine upon binding to various orthosteric and allosteric ligands having a range of eff
84 nd access and binding mechanisms for several orthosteric and allosteric ligands of class A and class
86 nalysis of P2X4R kinetics and elucidates the orthosteric and allosteric mechanisms regulating its cha
87 recent progress in the field, covering both orthosteric and allosteric modes of activation, discusse
89 of residues that form a network linking the orthosteric and allosteric sites of the M4 receptor, whi
91 gagement (i.e., concomitant association with orthosteric and allosteric sites) and that the compound
95 g two pharmacophores to simultaneously adopt orthosteric and allosteric topography within a G protein
97 Most ligands in the D3R(APO) model span both orthosteric and extended pockets and behave as antagonis
99 hed the inhibitory effect of the mGluR1alpha orthosteric antagonist (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylg
100 ration binding studies at the M2R, using the orthosteric antagonist atropine to determine unspecific
102 harmacological profile, decreased binding of orthosteric antagonist N-methylscopolamine to human M1-
105 o date were obtained with receptors bound to orthosteric antagonists, and only a few structures bound
106 he side effects associated with CB1 receptor orthosteric antagonists, negative allosteric modulators
109 direct interactions with residues within the orthosteric binding area but also with remote residues.
111 rved NMR confirms 1 binds PPARgamma with two orthosteric binding modes and to an allosteric site.
112 eveal that extracellular loop 2 occupies the orthosteric binding pocket and operates as a built-in ag
113 firm that LY2119620 does not compete for the orthosteric binding pocket at any of the five muscarinic
114 utation of amino acid residues that form the orthosteric binding pocket caused a loss of carbachol re
115 nomeric and the dimeric compound bind to the orthosteric binding site (apparent Kd: 0.87 and 0.31 nM,
116 nt of bitopic ligands aimed at targeting the orthosteric binding site (OBS) and a metastable binding
117 subtle differences in the highly homologous orthosteric binding site (OBS) differentially affect D2R
118 The existence of a high affinity primary orthosteric binding site (S1) and a low affinity seconda
119 olves simultaneous interaction with both the orthosteric binding site and the allosteric binding site
120 ne analogs bind at the monoamine transporter orthosteric binding site by adopting one of two mutually
121 ligand binding on the local structure of the orthosteric binding site by agonists, competitive antago
122 loited a single amino acid difference in the orthosteric binding site by using molecular docking and
124 Here, we investigate the pharmacology of the orthosteric binding site in GluD2 by examining the activ
125 s were made in the complementary side of the orthosteric binding site in loop D (Y87F and Q89R), loop
126 oop receptors, involving an expansion of the orthosteric binding site in the extracellular domain tha
127 e loop C, D, and E regions that surround the orthosteric binding site in the h5-HT(3A) receptor, we i
128 moterol and two serine residues in H5 at the orthosteric binding site of beta(1)AR, and find that for
129 2), a compound supposed to interact with the orthosteric binding site of dopamine receptors, was actu
130 erminants of gabazine for binding to (i) the orthosteric binding site of the GABA(A) receptor and (ii
131 ex with TK40 and show that TK40 binds to the orthosteric binding site of the GluN1 subunit with a bin
132 rmational changes in regions surrounding the orthosteric binding site of the human 5-HT(3A) (h5-HT(3A
133 r antagonism by ligands interacting with the orthosteric binding site of the receptor to incorporate
134 onal changes in the extracellular region and orthosteric binding site than observed in the active sta
138 activated by extracellular ATP through three orthosteric binding sites and allosterically regulated b
139 ive "methyl scan" approach, we show that the orthosteric binding sites for acetylcholine and nicotine
140 ules are potentially able to interact at two orthosteric binding sites of a heterodimer simultaneousl
141 tor binding site partially overlaps with the orthosteric binding sites of class A GPCRs but is more r
144 and allosterism for receptors with multiple orthosteric binding sites, and demonstrate that such mod
145 the similarity between (adenosine receptors) orthosteric binding sites, obtaining highly selective an
146 r prevent the synergy between allosteric and orthosteric binding sites, so that these mutants can als
147 alidated protein targets with allosteric and orthosteric binding sites, using five chemically distinc
152 ructure of CCR2 in a ternary complex with an orthosteric (BMS-681) and allosteric (CCR2-RA-[R]) antag
153 of bipharmacophoric ligands composed of the orthosteric building blocks iperoxo and 1 linked to allo
154 ellular site, and atropine or scopolamine as orthosteric building blocks, both connected by a hexamet
157 lactic inactivation of CD11b/CD18, using the orthosteric CD11b/CD18 inhibitor mAb107, improves microv
158 patially distinct sites: nucleotide MRS2500 (orthosteric, contacting the helical bundle) and urea BPT
159 we show progressive disruption of individual orthosteric contacts in the ligand binding sites, allowi
160 lation mediated via beta-arrestin unlike the orthosteric CP55,940 that does so in a G protein-depende
163 sp52(2.50) as an allosteric link between the orthosteric drug binding site and the intracellular sign
167 e congener 31, which retains a high-affinity orthosteric fragment (5d, D(3)R K(i) = 23.9 nM), 1 was f
170 que rationale for implementing weakly potent orthosteric fragments into D(3)R ligand systems to minim
171 ine interacts with the high-affinity GHB and orthosteric GABA(A) receptor binding sites differently a
172 verlap of binding sites for several pairs of orthosteric (GABA, beta-alanine, and piperidine-4-sulfon
178 ionalize oligonucleotides with biotin and an orthosteric inhibitor of the eukaryotic initiation facto
180 ones, also known as oncohistones, are potent orthosteric inhibitors of specific Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-
182 having a significant role in contributing to orthosteric ligand affinity and signaling for various G
183 ECL2-TM3 disulfide bond selectively affected orthosteric ligand affinity, whereas a cluster of five r
185 ence that was based upon the efficacy of the orthosteric ligand and can be explained using the Monod-
187 or redox state profoundly influences beta2AR orthosteric ligand binding and downstream function.
188 study highlights a key role for ECL2 in A1AR orthosteric ligand binding and receptor activation.
189 hanges of agonist-bound beta(1)AR around the orthosteric ligand binding pocket indicate that the full
196 electivity problem by combining (linking) an orthosteric ligand with an allosteric modulator, theoret
197 exposed active conformation and occupies the orthosteric ligand-binding pocket enabled by a conformat
200 1) reveals that, despite conservation of the orthosteric ligand-binding site residues, there are nota
201 potential biomolecular target, from both an orthosteric (ligand-binding sites) and allosteric (locat
203 a a different binding site than the natural (orthosteric) ligand site and hence form a conceptually d
204 voked signaling but also the actions of both orthosteric ligands and allosteric modulators on mGluR1a
205 estibule that overlaps with a region used by orthosteric ligands as they transit into the canonical A
206 can be differentially stabilized not only by orthosteric ligands but also by allosteric ligands actin
209 the coupling between PAMs and the binding of orthosteric ligands requires tryptophan 55 (Trp-55), whi
210 renergic receptor (beta2AR) upon exposure to orthosteric ligands with different efficacies, in the ab
213 hese compounds do not compete for binding of orthosteric ligands, but indeed the R isomer increased t
214 7569, offer enormous potential as drugs over orthosteric ligands, but their mechanistic, structural,
215 compound has no effect on the binding of the orthosteric ligands, implying its allosteric mode of act
216 domain (ECD) conformations in the absence of orthosteric ligands, which has limited our understanding
225 dicted not only to target active sites in an orthosteric manner, but also to act through allosteric m
228 ructural information about the nature of the orthosteric muscarinic binding site (the conventional ac
229 ntrations up to 1 mM did not compete for the orthosteric nAChR binding site labeled by [(3)H]epibatid
231 retase presents several hot spots for either orthosteric or allosteric inhibition of catalytic activi
232 ologic activity induced by ligand binding to orthosteric or allosteric sites on a G protein-coupled r
233 e or negative, depending upon the allosteric-orthosteric pair, and they arose from interactions withi
235 ng modes for these ligands, which occupy the orthosteric pocket and an extended binding pocket close
236 l)benzenesulfonamide (1, T2384) revealed two orthosteric pocket binding modes attributed to a concent
237 lidates the suitability of the agonist-bound orthosteric pocket in the MT receptor structures for the
239 CL12 N terminus for optimal docking into the orthosteric pocket of CXCR4 and suggests that the CC/CXC
240 o terminus of the chemokine inserts into the orthosteric pocket of the GPCR, causing conformational c
241 inhibits chemokine binding by occupying the orthosteric pocket of the receptor in a previously unsee
242 the large extracellular domain (ECD) and the orthosteric pocket, inducing conformational changes in t
243 he high degree of structural homology in the orthosteric pocket, particularly for GPCRs within a sing
244 mation and binds to the receptor deep in the orthosteric pocket, stabilizing a network of extracellul
248 ues in the intracellular, extracellular, and orthosteric pockets is significantly weakened upon sodiu
252 es was assessed by their ability to displace orthosteric radioligand [(3)H]4-(2-((7-amino-2-(furan-2-
253 ptor binding with a series of allosteric and orthosteric radioligands at structurally related CCK1R a
254 t of affinity for allosteric modulators with orthosteric radioligands, which has so far been the most
255 Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and other CB1 orthosteric receptor agonists remain limited because of
261 ls the entry and efflux of agonists from the orthosteric site and agonist binding elicits a conformat
264 tes because their activity requires that the orthosteric site be occupied by an agonist, thereby conf
265 the expected change in affinity of the CHRM1 orthosteric site for acetylcholine in human cortex.
266 lthough it is well established that the A1AR orthosteric site is located within the receptor's transm
270 a binding pose predicted to extend from the orthosteric site up toward a putative allosteric site bo
271 eveals the orientation of granisetron in the orthosteric site with unambiguous density for interactin
272 idues to recognize diverse bile acids in the orthosteric site, a putative second bile acid-binding si
273 e extracellular entrance, in addition to the orthosteric site, allowed us to obtain 5-HT7R antagonist
274 lu4, mGlu6, and mGlu8 receptors with its own orthosteric site, and (2) that chloride is not an agonis
275 compounds are compatible with binding to the orthosteric site, further motivating the selective press
277 ng of a neurotransmitter to an extracellular orthosteric site, located at the interface of two adjace
286 the alpha-Ctx-binding sites overlap with the orthosteric sites at the beta/alpha subunit interface.
288 ngest functional group interaction in enzyme orthosteric sites offers a rational starting point for F
290 receptors topographically distinct from the orthosteric sites, so-called allosteric sites, has heral
291 in contrast to the global impact of GABA via orthosteric sites, the force of anaesthetics through all
292 ll activation paradigm via allosteric versus orthosteric sites, we used highly homologous, but homo-o
294 major advantages of targeting allosteric vs orthosteric sites: extreme selectivity, ability to inhib
295 ed 5-benzyloxygramine as a new N protein PPI orthosteric stabilizer that exhibits both antiviral and
298 receptors can simultaneously occupy both the orthosteric transmitter binding site and the allosteric
299 t a difference in spatial orientation of the orthosteric tropane moiety translates into a divergent M
300 If (i) affinity, (ii) efficacies, (iii) orthosteric versus allosteric interaction, and (iv) rate