ライフサイエンスコーパス: owl

1 er in normal juveniles than in prism-adapted owls, indicative of declustering.

2 In control owls or prism-adapted owls, which experience small instructive signals, the fr

3 Adult owl monkeys learned to discriminate tones higher than a

4 Adult owl monkeys were trained to detect an increase in the en

5 M, P, and K axons were labeled in adult owl monkeys by means of injections of wheat germ aggluti

6 visual area (MT) was determined in six adult owl monkeys and one adult marmoset 69 d to 10 months aft

7 , increases auditory map plasticity in adult owls.

8 Two groups of naive adult owls were fit with prisms.

9 et/ultraviolet-sensitive opsin (SWS1) in all owls we studied, but two other color vision genes, the r

10 ings compared to their availability although owls and jaegers consumed relatively more brown lemmings

11 TRIM-CypA is an owl monkey-specific variant of the retrovirus restrictio

12 ation depended on the amount of resources an owl had already allocated towards reproduction (averagin

13 We also used an owl monkey kidney (OMK) cell assay that is based on time

14 ry visual cortex (V1), in nine anaesthetized owl monkeys injected with a neuromuscular blocker.

15 in dendritic structure compared to chick and owl may indicate specialization for encoding ITDs at low

16 ned in a reptile (gecko), birds (chicken and owl), and mammals (mouse, guinea pig, gerbil, and bat),

17 ong the same axis as observed in macaque and owl monkey.

18 aque monkey hold for the squirrel monkey and owl monkey.

19 MV) species, squirrel monkey CMV (SMCMV) and owl monkey CMV (OMCMV), that infect New World monkeys.

20 tic tract were also observed in squirrel and owl monkeys.

21 pper visual quadrant) of titi, squirrel, and owl monkeys.

22 n TRIM5alpha, rhesus macaque TRIM5alpha, and owl monkey TRIM-Cyp remained potent in cells depleted of

23 d falcons (Falconiformes) hunting by day and owls (Strigiformes) hunting by night.

24 and/or time-of-day effects between larks and owls in decision-making tasks occur only in RNA-based ch

25 s to be different between human "larks" and "owls" (also called "morningness/eveningness types" or "c

26 n one hemisphere of each of two anesthetized owl monkeys.

27 ary somatosensory cortex of two anesthetized owl monkeys.

28 e OT were recorded from lightly anesthetized owls confronted with arrays of bars in which one bar (th

29 t of primate taxa, including the Argentinean owl monkey (Aotus azarai).

30 well developed in nocturnal primates such as owl monkeys, which are likely to be color blind.

31 s appetitive (chick silhouette) to aversive (owl silhouette) cues.

32 OAE) otoacoustic emissions from a bird (barn owl, Tyto alba) and a lizard (green anole, Anolis caroli

33 ional map inside the auditory cortex of barn owl known for its exceptional hunting ability in complet

34 mpare these results with those from the barn owl (Tyto alba) and the domestic chick (Gallus gallus).

35 f auditory space in the midbrain of the barn owl (Tyto alba) are calibrated by visual experience.

36 In the barn owl (Tyto alba), the external nucleus of the inferior co

37 between the attentional systems of the barn owl and the rhesus macaque.

38 d these predictions using EFPs from the barn owl auditory brainstem where we recorded in nucleus lami

39 ches in the mammalian neocortex and the barn owl auditory localization pathway provide some of the fi

40 ere, we exploit a unique feature of the barn owl auditory localization pathway that permits retrospec

41 the biomimetic device can supersede the barn owl by orders of magnitude.

42 The optic tectum of the barn owl contains a map of auditory space.

43 he auditory localization pathway of the barn owl has shed new light on this important question.

44 e demonstrate that the brainstem of the barn owl includes a stage of processing apparently devoted to

45 The barn owl midbrain contains mutually aligned maps of auditory

46 n of a single inhibitory circuit in the barn owl midbrain tegmentum, the nucleus isthmi pars magnocel

47 acuity in the auditory space map in the barn owl midbrain.

48 that lead to the reorganization of the barn owl NL take place during embryonic development, shortly

49 xons and terminals in the region of the barn owl NL.

50 ctivity along the tonotopic axis of the barn owl NM and NL and a less prominent gradient in the chick

51 ration of the auditory space map in the barn owl optic tectum.

52 auditory nerve fiber responses for the barn owl strengthens the notion that most OAE delay can be at

53 ponses by gaze control circuitry in the barn owl suggests that the central nervous system uses a comm

54 , we demonstrate that OT neurons in the barn owl systematically encode the relative strengths of simu

55 elation analysis, we demonstrate in the barn owl that the relationship between the spectral tuning an

56 rocess in the auditory space map of the barn owl's (Tyto alba) inferior colliculus using two spatiall

57 one and noise stimuli in neurons of the barn owl's auditory arcopallium, a nucleus at the endpoint of

58 Space-specific neurons in the barn owl's inferior colliculus have spatial receptive fields

59 to explain the detection of ITDs by the barn owl's laminaris neurons.

60 t neurons in the retinotopic map of the barn owl's optic tectum specifically adapt to the common orie

61 In this study, we used the barn owl's sound localization system to address this question

62 in auditory localization pathway of the barn owl, a map of auditory space is relayed from the externa

63 In the barn owl, an auditory specialist relying on sound localizatio

64 ears to be realized in the brain of the barn owl, an auditory specialist, and has been assumed to hol

65 The barn owl, an auditory specialist, is a classic model for stud

66 In the barn owl, both ITD detection and processing in the midbrain a

67 oding in the two cochlear nuclei of the barn owl, nucleus angularis (NA) and nucleus magnocellularis

68 In the barn owl, spatial auditory information is conveyed to the opt

69 We found that, in the barn owl, the Ipc responds to auditory as well as to visual s

70 In the barn owl, the ITD is processed in a dedicated neural pathway

71 sponses and a demonstration that in the barn owl, the result is that expected by theory.

72 nd/or adaptation related changes in the barn owl.

73 is consistent with observations in the barn owl.

74 n ITD map in the laminar nucleus of the barn owl.

75 Barn owls are capable of great accuracy in detecting the inte

76 Barn owls hunt in the dark by using cues from both sight and

77 Barn owls reared with horizontally displacing prismatic spect

78 perior colliculus in mammals), in awake barn owls.

79 In both barn owls and chickens, Kv3.1 mRNA was expressed in the cochl

80 ior colliculus of adult male and female barn owls.

81 l and critically important behavior for barn owls, increases auditory map plasticity in adult owls.

82 ris (Ipc) from the optic tectum (OT) in barn owls by reversibly blocking excitatory transmission in t

83 Behavioral studies in barn owls indicate that both the optic tectum (OT) and the au

84 etitive interactions within the Imc, in barn owls of both sexes.

85 We tested in barn owls the hypothesis that an ongoing delay, equivalent to

86 We found that, in barn owls, at each location there is a frequency range where

87 In barn owls, early experience markedly influences sound localiz

88 In barn owls, the visual system is important in teaching the aud

89 In barn owls, this process takes place in the external nucleus o

90 d in the study of sound localization in barn owls.

91 em that underlies sound localization in barn owls.

92 y neurons responses recorded in vivo in barn owls.

93 al time differences (ITDs), in juvenile barn owls that experience chronic abnormal hearing.

94 al experience in adult than in juvenile barn owls.

95 The optic tectum (OT) of barn owls contains topographic maps of auditory and visual sp

96 eus of the inferior colliculus (ICX) of barn owls is highly plastic, especially during early life.

97 e control circuitry in the forebrain of barn owls regulates the gain of midbrain auditory responses i

98 D is detected in the auditory system of barn owls, the posterior part of the lateral lemniscus (LLDp)

99 e was studied in the auditory system of barn owls.

100 e detectors in the nucleus laminaris of barn owls.

101 ed saliency in the optic tectum (OT) of barn owls.

102 ndings give rise to the hypothesis that barn owls, by active scanning of the scene, can induce adapta

103 sound source, may be very different to barn owls and to the model proposed by Jeffress.

104 ing exclusively of owls: the Tytonidae (barn owls) and the Strigidae (true owls), united by a suite o

105 When barn owls are raised wearing spectacles that horizontally dis

106 ately, together and in combination with barn owls.

107 Raising young barn owls with a prismatic displacement of the visual field l

108 were known to nest prior to 1997 and barred owl density was thought to be low.

109 Spotted owl and barred owl detection probabilities were significantly higher fo

110 ccupancy of both northern spotted and barred owl without requiring owl vocalization.

111 etry data from 41 spotted owls and 38 barred owls monitored during 2007-2009 and 2012-2015.

112 operties by northern spotted owls and barred owls.

113 Mean detection probability for barred owls was 20.1% for dog surveys and 7.3% for vocal survey

114 Endangered Species Act, and nonnative barred owls (S. varia) in western Oregon, USA to explore the re

115 However, proximity of barred owls (Strix varia)-a significant threat to northern spot

116 Compared with diurnal birds, owls exhibit striking adaptations to the nocturnal envir

117 remarkable similarity between the burrowing owl's defensive hiss and the rattlesnake's rattling refl

118 sed by the rattling snake, and (b) burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) defend themselves against mamm

119 ad collection of mammalian dung by burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) and show that they use this du

120 similar analysis of restriction mediated by owl monkey TRIM-cyclophilin A (CypA) or human TRIM5alpha

121 we found that some individuals from captive owl monkey populations harbor CD4 alleles that are compa

122 sis of prelearned and postlearned circuitry: owls reared wearing prismatic spectacles develop an adap

123 In control owls or prism-adapted owls, which experience small instr

124 ch decisions, we analyze counts of all crow, owl, and hawk species in the most complete available dat

125 With sound pairs having only envelope cues, owls localized direct sounds preferentially, and neurons

126 rticipants with advanced (larks) or delayed (owls) phases.

127 At first the developing owl's auditory brainstem exhibits morphology reminiscent

128 arboreal and terrestrial prey taken by each owl species.

129 ity reference genomes for the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo), oriental scops owl (Otus sunia), easter

130 in this pathway has been induced by exposing owls to prismatic spectacles that cause a large, horizon

131 er understand this restriction, we expressed owl monkey (Aotus nancymaae) CD4 and CXCR4 in the owl mo

132 h clutches of 1-2 eggs compared to 97.5% for owls with clutches of 4-6 eggs).

133 ed towards reproduction (averaging 87.7% for owls with clutches of 1-2 eggs compared to 97.5% for owl

134 00-electrode array and compared results from owl monkeys and squirrel monkeys 5-10 weeks after lesion

135 Other species (e.g., owl monkey) had a similar low density of OMP (+) VSNs as

136 conditions (fewer voles and more goshawks), owls appeared to breed more frequently, but allocated fe

137 imes are calculated as only 1-5 yr for hawk, owl, and crow populations with ceilings of one or two br

138 Paradoxically, the barrier to HIV-1 in owl monkey cells is released by capsid mutants or drugs

139 ounts for post-entry restriction of HIV-1 in owl monkeys and blocks HIV-1 infection when transferred

140 ic arrangements made by M, P, and K axons in owl monkey exhibit more similarities than differences.

141 ggests that, if AVPR1A modulates behavior in owl monkeys and other neotropical primates, it does so i

142 VPR1A on the evolution of social behavior in owl monkeys, we sequenced this locus in a wild populatio

143 the middle temporal crescent area (MT(C)) in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus), squirrel monkeys (Saimi

144 The actual changes in owl population size and structure observed during goshaw

145 and the dorsolateral posterior area (DLP) in owl monkeys, and represents the entire contralateral hem

146 be a specialization for enabling neurons in owl NM to transmit high-frequency temporal information w

147 IEGs, we not only revealed apparent ODCs in owl monkeys but also discovered a number of unique featu

148 V2 organization in owl monkeys also appears similar to that of other simian

149 al orientations than oblique orientations in owl monkey middle temporal visual area (MT), a visual ar

150 ndicating a higher Alu amplification rate in owl monkeys relative to many other primates.

151 Our data indicate that HIV-1 replication in owl monkeys is not restricted at entry but can be limite

152 n a ventromedial to dorsolateral sequence in owl, squirrel, and macaque monkeys, but an altered arran

153 (which accounted for 83% of the variation in owl reproductive success).

154 ction of a wild type HIV-1 reporter virus in owl monkey cells.

155 s in the representation of central vision in owl monkey V1 was relatively small and inconsistent.

156 In owls that experienced prisms beginning late in the juven

157 and ITD and ILD tuning in normal owls and in owls raised with an acoustic filtering device in one ear

158 In contrast, in owls adapting to prisms or readapting to normal conditio

159 tive selection for low-light vision genes in owls, which contributes to their remarkable nocturnal vi

160 Particularly, sound location in owls could be decoded from the relative firing rates of

161 tent with several behavioral observations in owls and may be relevant to other visual features and sp

162 Space representation in owls provides a useful example for discussion of place a

163 Plasticity of these maps has been studied in owls forced to wear prismatic spectacles that shift thei

164 Recent studies in owls and ferrets seem to have identified the origin and

165 and intrinsic factors interact to influence owl reproductive traits (breeding propensity, clutch siz

166 tions of biotinylated dextran were made into owl monkey V1, and the resulting labeled axons were reco

167 Juvenile owls that learn new, abnormal associations between audit

168 Although juvenile owls readily acquire alternative maps of auditory space

169 In juvenile owls, plasticity in the OT increased as plasticity in th

170 Predation of juvenile owls was disproportionately high.

171 When juvenile owls are reared with prismatic spectacles (prisms) that

172 Detection dogs (Canis familiaris) located owl pellets accumulated under roost sites, within search

173 of such connections in New World marmosets, owl monkeys, and squirrel monkeys.

174 ving branches (e.g. humans, macaque monkeys, owl monkeys) is difficult for several reasons.

175 activity patterns ("early birds" and "night owls") has been hypothesized but has remained elusive.

176 and compared with other chronotypes, 'night owls' (people who are habitually active or wakeful at ni

177 monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and the nocturnal owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatis).

178 in the diurnal monkeys than in the nocturnal owl monkey, perhaps reflecting the importance of color w

179 erus and Buteo brachyurus) and two nocturnal owls (Bubo virginianus and Strix varia).

180 and narrowband ITD and ILD tuning in normal owls and in owls raised with an acoustic filtering devic

181 al (PMD) and ventral (PMV) premotor areas of owl monkeys.

182 to visual stimuli in extrastriate cortex of owl monkeys provided evidence for the dorsal half of the

183 eral sulcus and posterior parietal cortex of owl monkeys, galagos, and macaques help identify areas t

184 Here we show that knockdown of owl monkey CypA by RNA interference (RNAi) correlates wi

185 tes, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of owl monkeys contains three anatomically and physiologica

186 and striking increases in the recruitment of owl limpets (Lottia gigantea) and volcano barnacles (Tet

187 D4 receptors encoded by two other species of owl monkeys (Aotus azarae and Aotus nancymaae) also serv

188 Finally, V3 of owl monkeys shows a compartmental organization for orien

189 s consumed larger lemmings in the absence of owls than in their presence, suggestive of a short-term

190 vidence of their expansion in the absence of owls, suggesting that spatial distribution is caused by

191 of raptorial birds consisting exclusively of owls: the Tytonidae (barn owls) and the Strigidae (true

192 re of competitive interactions in the Ipc of owls by using two complementary protocols: in the first

193 The nocturnality of owls, unusual within birds, has favored an exceptional v

194 frequently preserved in the fossil record of owls.

195 The overall impact on owl population size varied by up to 50%, depending on th

196 tor abundance) had the greatest influence on owl reproduction.

197 we estimate that effects of traffic noise on owls' ability to detect prey reach >120 m from a road, w

198 ts to examine the effect of traffic noise on owls' ability to detect prey.

199 Among New World primates, only owl monkeys exhibit post-entry restriction of HIV-1.

200 tical posture (head less upright) than other owls (this in part an allometric effect of size increase

201 mately, dampened prey cycles would drive our owl local population towards extinction, with winter cli

202 re, we demonstrate that heat shock perturbed owl monkey TRIMCyp and rhesus TRIM5alpha-mediated restri

203 ledge in Sawmill Sink is a Late Pleistocene owl roost that features lizards (one species), snakes (t

204 ssible to infer the body mass of prehistoric owls by analysing tarsometatarsi, an element that is fre

205 restriction, proteasome inhibition prevented owl monkey TRIM-CypA restriction of HIV-1 reverse transc

206 squirrel monkeys) and one nocturnal primate (owl monkey).

207 ually evoked activity in MT in two primates, owl monkeys and galagos, where MT is exposed on the brai

208 previously described in the laboratory rat, owl monkey, and squirrel monkey.

209 on of results from juvenile and prism-reared owls indicated that prism experience led to topographica

210 ace may underlie the ability of prism-reared owls to readapt to normal conditions as adults.

211 rojection zone was preserved in prism-reared owls.

212 ern spotted and barred owl without requiring owl vocalization.

213 d wing reduction, make the extinct Rodrigues owl's evolution remarkable, and with multiple causes.

214 yielded new information about the Rodrigues owl's evolution and ecology.

215 he CD4 receptor encoded by permissive Spix's owl monkey alleles.

216 me, but not all, CD4 alleles found in Spix's owl monkeys (Aotus vociferans) encode functional recepto

217 al CD4 alleles in a colony of captive Spix's owl monkeys and found that 88% of surveyed individuals a

218 ecting and OV-projecting neurons in the same owl, it was confirmed that neurons in IC project to eith

219 fossil cranium of the 'giant' extinct scops owl Otus murivorus from Rodrigues Island (Mascarene Isla

220 rasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo), oriental scops owl (Otus sunia), eastern buzzard (Buteo japonicus), and

221 cated inside the RF in nitrous oxide sedated owls.

222 nally, we tested if the absence of the snowy owl, a dominant and irruptive species, triggered a compe

223 The snowy owl, an irruptive migrant, the rough-legged buzzard, wit

224 g coexistence of four avian predators (snowy owls, glaucous gulls, rough-legged hawks and long-tailed

225 Spotted owl and barred owl detection probabilities were signific

226 federal actions to conserve northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) habitat are largely ini

227 Northern spotted owl occupancy is typically assessed by eliciting their r

228 n spotted owls-can suppress northern spotted owl responsiveness to vocalization surveys and hence the

229 ce models and telemetry data from 41 spotted owls and 38 barred owls monitored during 2007-2009 and 2

230 as more often than low canopy areas, spotted owls were more commonly found in areas with lower tree c

231 For spotted owls, this difference increased with number of site visi

232 urce selection by sympatric northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), a threatened species

233 ctural forest properties by northern spotted owls and barred owls.

234 detection probabilities of northern spotted owls were 29% after session 1, 62% after session 2, and

235 iple times in an area where northern spotted owls were known to nest prior to 1997 and barred owl den

236 ia)-a significant threat to northern spotted owls-can suppress northern spotted owl responsiveness to

237 etween these two possibilities, we subjected owls to optical conditions that differed in the center o

238 auditory space map was induced by subjecting owls to a chronic prismatic displacement of the visual f

239 a 27-year study of an avian predator (tawny owl) and its main prey (field vole) collected in Kielder

240 f reproductive data from marked female tawny owls and natural variation in food availability (field v

241 line in survival with age, observed in tawny owls.

242 Using recoveries of ringed tawny owls (Strix aluco) predated by 'superpredators', norther

243 n extrinsic conditions, which indicates that owl reproductive decisions were shaped by a complex seri

244 The owl can discriminate changes in the location of sound so

245 The owl monkey, Aotus azarae, has developed a fully nocturna

246 The owl roost fauna includes Rallus undescribed sp. (extinct

247 The owl's auditory system computes interaural time (ITD) and

248 The owl's external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx)

249 The owl's nucleus laminaris contains coincidence detector ne

250 Later, the two systems diverge, and the owl's brainstem auditory nuclei undergo a secondary morp

251 emur griseus, or of platyrrhines such as the owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus, or the titi monkey, Calli

252 In both the owl and the chicken, Kv3.1 was targeted postsynaptically

253 encing the population readout commanding the owl's sound-orienting behavior.

254 An HIV-1 variant modified to evade the owl monkey restriction factor TRIM-cyp replicated effici

255 mall genomic regions were recovered from the owl monkey genome, indicating a higher Alu amplification

256 We show how the owl's ITD map can emerge from a combined action of homos

257 However, the owl stayed ahead, the buzzard stayed on, and the falcon

258 In the owl midbrain, a map of auditory space is synthesized in

259 alidated by neural responses measured in the owl midbrain.

260 ternatively, the loss of color vision in the owl monkey could impact K pathway circuitry earlier in t

261 onkey (Aotus nancymaae) CD4 and CXCR4 in the owl monkey kidney cell line, OMK.

262 n in the cat, corticogeniculate axons in the owl monkey maintained topographic innervation in the LGN

263 rtion of a paralogous Alu Sq sequence in the owl monkey.

264 atterns of neural population activity in the owl optic tectum (OT) categorize stimuli based on their

265 ontrol area on sensory responsiveness in the owl OT are strikingly similar to the space-specific regu

266 ences neuronal responses and behavior in the owl's auditory system.

267 , recent studies reveal ITD responses in the owl's forebrain and midbrain premotor area that are cons

268 microstimulating a gaze-control area in the owl's forebrain, the arcopallial gaze fields (AGFs), on

269 Space-specific neurons in the owl's inferior colliculus have spatial receptive fields

270 Space-specific neurons in the owl's inferior colliculus respond only to a sound coming

271 Auditory space-specific neurons in the owl's inferior colliculus selectively respond to the dir

272 A cholinergic nucleus in the owl's midbrain exhibits functional properties that sugge

273 Neurons in the owl's midbrain show shifting receptive fields for moving

274 ency tuning of space-specific neurons in the owl's midbrain varies with their preferred sound locatio

275 itivity and gain of sensory responses in the owl's optic tectum (OT).

276 Thus, frequency tuning in the owl's space-specific neurons reflects a higher-order fea

277 areas, and they also suggest that MST of the owl monkey is, like MST of the macaque, functionally org

278 M5 (TRIM5alpha(rh)) or by the product of the owl monkey TRIM5-cyclophilin A gene fusion (TRIMCyp).

279 ted inhibition on adaptive adjustment of the owl's auditory space map during the initial phase of pla

280 vestigated these questions in neurons of the owl's external nucleus of the inferior colliculus, where

281 Because of the shape of the owl's head, these cues vary with frequency in a manner s

282 We show that this change predicts the owl's ability to detect a change in source location.

283 We conclude that the owl monkey cellular restriction machinery recognizes a p

284 across single neurons are not unique to the owl's space-specific neurons but occur in mammalian visu

285 rrelated with behavioral improvements in the owls' ability to strike and capture prey.

286 When the owls hunted live prey, auditory maps shifted substantial

287 Anatomical results from these owls demonstrated that the topography of intrinsic OT co

288 species ranging from naked mole rats [1] to owls [2], chimpanzees are the most accomplished tool use

289 ytonidae (barn owls) and the Strigidae (true owls), united by a suite of adaptations aiding a keen pr

290 brain sections from two macaque monkeys, two owl monkeys, two squirrel monkeys, and three galagos tha

291 When owls are raised wearing prismatic spectacles that displa

292 When owls were breeding in territories less exposed to goshaw

293 , we report a series of experiments in which owl monkeys performed reaching movements guided by spati

294 goshawk abundance appeared to interact with owl food availability to have a delayed effect on recrui

295 re from two prosimian galagos, one New World owl monkey, one Old World macaque monkey, and one baboon

296 usion with TRIM5 that is unique to New World owl monkeys also targets HIV-1 CA, but this interaction

297 resentation in cortical area 3b of New World owl monkeys and squirrel monkeys.

298 New World owl monkeys, Old World macaque monkeys, and galagos shar

299 ion (MI) to identify ODCs in V1 of New World owl monkeys.

300 Adaptive behavior in young owls is accompanied by a compensating shift in the respo