ライフサイエンスコーパス: pH gradient

1 alt gradient by a (discontinuous) salt-free, pH gradient.

2 ess TD occurs independent of a transmembrane pH gradient.

3 1.9, r(2) > 0.9996), electrically controlled pH gradient.

4 the Golgi apparatus and was dependent on the pH gradient.

5 gher than the upper limit of the immobilized pH gradient.

6 ven at high voltages or with a transmembrane pH gradient.

7 radient drift and reduce "compression"of the pH gradient.

8 diminished by the maintenance of an inverted pH gradient.

9 cation-exchange separation, incorporating a pH gradient.

10 her monovalent cations did not dissipate the pH gradient.

11 PP(i) synthase activity in the presence of a pH gradient.

12 change in analyte charge due to the dynamic pH gradient.

13 oxic cells possessing a larger transmembrane pH gradient.

14 ge resins eluted with a combined aqueous and pH gradient.

15 rt through the formation of a transthylakoid pH gradient.

16 membrane upon formation of a transthylakoid pH gradient.

17 cA-independent, but requires a transmembrane pH gradient.

18 increased in the presence of an inward basic pH gradient.

19 is composed of an electrical potential and a pH gradient.

20 showed a strong activation by the lysosomal pH gradient.

21 tructure and facilitating the retention of a pH gradient.

22 trates the internal buffer and decreases the pH gradient.

23 ltage-dependent dyes, but are energized by a pH gradient.

24 Hp 2-2-Hb complexes disrupted the lysosomal pH gradient.

25 omponents: fatty acids and the cell membrane pH gradient.

26 lip-flop promoted by the local transmembrane pH gradient.

27 oth ions before they can cause a detrimental pH gradient.

28 a combination of mitochondrial oxidation and pH gradient.

29 enerator (EBG) that can produce programmable pH gradients.

30 ing methods for the generation of microscale pH gradients.

31 d evolved to allow the maintenance of stable pH gradients.

32 termining its increased ability to dissipate pH gradients.

33 ncreasing the transmembrane concentration or pH gradients.

34 the membranes, thereby producing substantial pH gradients.

35 dispersed rapidly upon dissipating organelle pH gradients.

36 eal-time monitoring of mitochondrion/cytosol pH gradients.

37 A Nernstian response for pH (gradient = 63 +/- 1 mV pH(-1)) was determined from p

38 required for DCV exocytosis, dissipates the pH gradient across DCV membranes and reduces neurotransm

39 susceptible to depletion by the loss of the pH gradient across lysosomes and P2 agonists.

40 Moreover, in vivo disturbance of the pH gradient across membranes by bafilomycin A1 treatment

41 ent-specific pH measurement to determine the pH gradient across the E. coli cytoplasmic membrane.

42 he APC, and supports the conclusion that the pH gradient across the IMM serves as the primary driving

43 ial constraint: the strong dependence on the pH gradient across the membrane (DeltapH) of superoxide

44 ZntB mediates Zn(2+) uptake, stimulated by a pH gradient across the membrane, using a transport mecha

45 ally by either the membrane potential or the pH gradient across the membrane.

46 vascular plants, is primarily triggered by a pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane (pH).

47 Removal of the pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane linked the cha

48 lic P(i) concentration, and magnitude of the pH gradient across the tonoplast.

49 e and bafilomycin A, agents that disrupt the pH gradient across the vesicular membrane, resulted in a

50 ing induction depends on the generation of a pH gradient across thylakoid membranes and on the presen

51 The presence of a pH gradient across vesicles traps the Zn(2+)-probe compl

52 reat psychotic disorders, is able to disrupt pH gradients across bacterial membranes.

53 from measurements of reversal potentials in pH gradients across planar lipid bilayers containing the

54 We show that pH gradients across such membranes decay rapidly in the

55 in the gravisensing cells and the resultant pH gradients across the root cap are important at an ear

56 c compartments are strongly dependent on the pH gradients across vesicular membranes.

57 ltage was applied for CE separation, a sharp pH gradient along the capillary was created dynamically

58 e (V-ATPase) inhibitor bafilomycin A1 on the pH gradient along the secretory pathway was used here to

59 The granulogenic activity of SgII requires a pH gradient along this secretory pathway.

60 pump inhibitors that dissipate the lysosomal pH gradient also trapped caveolin-1 on late endosome/lys

61 entration of nigericin (5 mum) collapsed the pH gradient and abolished flash activity.

62 antly higher resolution due to the shallower pH gradient and higher electrical field gradient.

63 ynthesis, and are uncouplers, collapsing the pH gradient and membrane potential used to power transpo

64 tron routes, the build-up of a transmembrane pH gradient and membrane potential, activation of differ

65 ectroneutral, energized by the transmembrane pH gradient and oppositely oriented gradients of the oth

66 radient, the height change requires both the pH gradient and STN7-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of

67 Rate is independent of the transmembrane pH gradient and strongly stimulated by the uncoupler car

68 oelectric focusing (IEF) through immobilized pH gradient and superficially porous liquid chromatograp

69 (III) transport via ArsB dissipated both the pH gradient and the membrane potential.

70 h as pyruvate and acetate also collapsed the pH gradient and were also inhibitory, whereas citrate an

71 is interpreted as the combined effect of the pH gradient and xanthophyll concentration, resulting in

72 potential due to their ability to neutralize pH gradients and inhibit autophagy in cells.

73 to equilibrium potentials for transmembrane pH gradients and not to those for Na+, K+ or Cl- concent

74 ipeptide transport can lead to intracellular pH gradients and that intracellular carbonic anhydrase a

75 The stability of the pH gradients and their sensitivity to changes in initial

76 is driven energetically by the transmembrane pH gradient, and it is capable of translocating folded p

77 te quantification of the membrane potential, pH gradient, and proton-motive force without the need fo

78 nces of some dominant phyla varied along the pH gradient, and the enrichment of a few phylotypes sugg

79 Characteristics of the pH gradient are described, including experimental and th

80 mulation, and a reversed intra-extracellular pH gradient are thought to help render tumor microenviro

81 iples of bipolar electrochemistry, localized pH gradients are generated at the surface of conducting

82 have investigated the conditions under which pH gradients are maintained across the membranes of fatt

83 Linear or concave pH gradients are produced with simple mixtures containin

84 P. syringae effector proteins encounter a pH gradient as they translocate from the bacterial cytop

85 rrier polyampholytes are used to establish a pH gradient as well as to control the electroosmotic flo

86 While pH gradients, as generated by a proton-ATPase located on

87 A pH gradient associated with a natural volcanic vent syst

88 The steady state apical-basolateral pH gradient at 4 hours was reduced by 0.12 and 0.09 pH u

89 The physical basis for the protective pH gradient at the gastric surface is unconfirmed.

90 In the present work, a pH gradient based separation using a cation exchange col

91 separation of phosphopeptides by an applied pH gradient between 9.2 and 11.3.

92 A precise pH gradient between organelles of the regulated secretor

93 in the exocytic pathway by equilibrating the pH gradient between the acidic lumen of the trans-Golgi

94 ta are consistent with BM2 equilibrating the pH gradient between the Golgi and the cytoplasm.

95 rrounding seawater, leading to an increasing pH gradient between the SCM and seawater.

96 This gives rise to a reversed pH gradient between tumours and normal tissue which impl

97 ted using a linear carrier ampholyte (linear pH gradient between two electrodes) of 3-10.

98 They maintain pH gradients between intracellular compartments and are

99 xic-oxic conditions, which would derive from pH gradients, built on the microbial electrical activity

100 f oxidative phosphorylation that reduces the pH gradient but not by valinomycin or oligomycin, both o

101 visualize the spatial distribution of the SC pH gradient, but also demonstrate a role for NHE1 in the

102 Lysosomes generate and maintain their pH gradients by using the activity of a proton-pumping V

103 The extent and magnitude of the pH gradient can be controlled by the appropriate selecti

104 The size of the pH gradient can be readily modified by changing the dime

105 sence of nigericin, indicating that the same pH gradient can drive amino acid transport in opposing d

106 t a preparative IEF method using immobilized pH gradients can be optimized to generate highly resolve

107 The formation of this pH gradient captures some of the energy released during

108 Here we apply pH gradient cation exchange chromatography and microflui

109 The resulting increase in the average cell pH gradient caused a parallel increase in tumor growth d

110 ion potential of stony corals living along a pH gradient caused by a Mediterranean CO2 vent that serv

111 Both pH gradient CEX-MS and CE-MS were found to be powerful f

112 nd decreases in peak width achieved with the pH gradient chromatofocusing technique through the manip

113 Our reconstructed water-column pH gradients, combined with Earth system modeling, indic

114 ndent increase in the membrane potential and pH gradient components of the proton motive force (PMF).

115 This allows the membrane potential and pH gradient components to be calculated from the oxidati

116 ton motive force into the electric field and pH gradient components.

117 It is shown that under ideal linear pH-gradient conditions the better a model describes the

118 : The first one was a monolinear or bilinear pH-gradient data set obtained in eluents with different

119 rator (EG) is introduced, replacing external pH gradient delivery using conventional gradient systems

120 y a mechanism independent of the thylakoidal pH gradient (DeltapH) and exerts no detectable effect on

121 benzoate at an external pH of 6.5, where the pH gradient (deltapH) is large and benzoate accumulates,

122 the membrane potential (DeltaPsi) and/or the pH gradient (DeltapH) strongly increased the flux, where

123 membrane potential (V) and the transmembrane pH gradient (DeltapH).

124 oncentrations, in the presence vs absence of pH gradients (DeltapH) and transmembrane potentials (Del

125 ed that amiloride-insensitive, electrogenic, pH gradient-dependent NBC activity is present only in ba

126 The pH gradient-dependent net phosphate (Pi) transport uptak

127 We assayed the initial rate of pH gradient-dependent unidirectional phosphate transport

128 R pumps protons toward the nanowire, and the pH gradient developed by the pump changes the transistor

129 via proteoliposomes was observed to modulate pH gradients developed at the cell surface, demonstratin

130 erve as coupling agents and that substantial pH gradients developed in the acidic interior of liposom

131 tion of either the membrane potential or the pH gradient did not prevent Sb(III) uptake, whereas diss

132 s indicate that the naturally occurring cell pH gradient difference between tumor and normal tissue i

133 Dissipation of the pH gradient does not reduce pre-SufI transport efficienc

134 the electrode solutions in order to suppress pH gradient drift and reduce "compression"of the pH grad

135 Because such pH increase reflects the pH gradient during compartmental transport within target

136 rofiles signature suggests that the observed pH gradient during the oxic phase can be a result of H2S

137 Probing pH gradients during electrochemical reactions is importa

138 Such matrix-free nanofluidic devices with pH gradient electrofocusing may enable on-chip integrati

139 We demonstrate matrix-free pH gradient electrofocusing of proteins within an 85 nm

140 soelectric focusing (IEF) or non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) in 9.2 M urea polya

141 -dimensional electrophoresis (nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis followed by sodium dodecyl s

142 Two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis of stationary-phase cell lys

143 f proteins on two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis-SDS blots.

144 e compared by two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis.

145 used for solid phase extraction with online pH gradient elution during capillary zone electrophoresi

146 We have developed a pH gradient elution technique for enhanced phosphopeptid

147 to the efficient fractionation by the online pH gradient elution, which decreased the complexity of t

148 nipulation of the electric field changes the pH gradient, enabling both the location and width of the

149 ate preferentially in low pH regions under a pH gradient environment.

150 -membrane correlates with the trans-membrane pH-gradient (facilitated at alkaline pH(e) and acidic pH

151 ed from prokaryotic orthologs to exploit the pH gradient for biological functions remains a fundament

152 d tip-growing cells that depend on cytosolic pH gradients for signaling and growth.

153 has been developed that incorporates natural pH gradient formation in microfluidic channels under flo

154 vasive, optically based method of monitoring pH gradient formation is presented, and the experimental

155 Normal rates and extents of pH gradient formation were observed for all mutant enzym

156 The properties of pH gradients formed as a result of the electrolysis of w

157 A localized pH gradient forms between anode and cathode leading to a

158 nteractions with diclofenac, considering the pH gradient found in the gastric mucosa (3 < pH < 7.4).

159 ice reproducibly establishes a nearly linear pH gradient from 4 to 10.

160 cally and then carried to fetal tissues by a pH gradient from acidic endosomes to the pH-neutral baso

161 isms and to separate the influence of pH and pH gradients from intrinsic electrolyte effects.

162 oblotting and two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis (2D-NEPHGE), that occur

163 P in VSV-infected cells was also observed by pH gradient gel electrophoresis.

164 ing voltages, sensitive to the transmembrane pH gradient, H+-selective, and Zn2+-sensitive.

165 brane potential (high external potassium) or pH gradient (high external pH) caused a reduction in gro

166 At inward Cl(-) and outward pH gradients (high Cl(-)(o) and low pH(o)) Slc26a2 funct

167 environment is that hot temperatures, large pH gradients, high salinity and abundant divalent cation

168 ty development over 6 yr along a manipulated pH gradient in a large-scale experiment starting from an

169 e leads to the collapse of the mitochondrial pH gradient in nonerythroid cells, using a novel reporte

170 The pH gradient in normal cells is tightly controlled by the

171 gradient caused generation of an inside acid pH gradient in the microvilli, indicating Na(+)-H(+) exc

172 We propose that a V-ATPase-mediated pH gradient in the secretory pathway is an important fac

173 selective microelectrodes we found that the pH gradient in the silk gland is much broader than previ

174 uses neutral water electrolysis to produce a pH gradient in which CaCO(3) is decarbonated at low pH a

175 The generation of continuous pH gradients in flow systems plays an important role in

176 clein inhibited ATP-dependent maintenance of pH gradients in isolated chromaffin vesicles and that th

177 ated through the titration and monitoring of pH gradients in real time.

178 lity in modulating the key parameters of the pH gradient, including the buffer concentration, the pH

179 d in a mild dissipation of the mitochondrial pH gradient increased flash frequency, whereas a maximal

180 ms could potentially be applied to sense the pH gradient induced by cancerous cells in stagnant fluid

181 is the low extracellular pHe and the reverse pH gradient: intracellular pHi is higher than extracellu

182 of the juice sac V-ATPase to build up steep pH gradients involves three factors: variable coupling,

183 The pH gradient ion-exchange method is demonstrated to have

184 llows increased protein loads on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels and better visualization of low-a

185 e first successful adaptation of immobilized pH gradients (IPGs) to the microscale (muIPGs) using a n

186 Furthermore, when a pH gradient is applied, partially uncoupled transport mo

187 Using flow injection analysis (FIA), a pH gradient is blended in real time with a protein sampl

188 nse, because it is not seen when the vesicle pH gradient is collapsed or when a pH-insensitive GFP va

189 s and inhibition experiments reveal that the pH gradient is created by carbonic anhydrase.

190 A pH gradient is created in the electrochemical cell so th

191 surements reveal that the lysosome-tocytosol pH gradient is expanded in the MDR line.

192 , chromatofocusing(CF) is employed whereby a pH gradient is generated on-column using a weak anion ex

193 Because a pH gradient is known to exist in the apical region of el

194 ant result from our study is that a reversed pH gradient is possible in our system but for unrealisti

195 t outward proton flux is prohibited when the pH gradient is reversed).

196 on of additional fatty acid, a transmembrane pH gradient is spontaneously generated.

197 ary (commonly used in CIEF) even if a narrow pH gradient is used, a tapered FS capillary was employed

198 The work carried out on the linear pH-gradient is critically reviewed in combination with t

199 monstrate the high resolution of immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing (IPG-IEF) for the analy

200 To decrease the pH gradients, it is necessary to evacuate H(+) and OH(-)

201 originates from the Nernst potential of the pH gradient layer at the cathode/electrolyte interface.

202 CO(2)-OH(-) neutralization reaction and the pH gradient layer still persist, albeit to a reduced ext

203 eritoneal dialysis (LSPD) with transmembrane pH-gradient liposomes was previously shown to enhance am

204 15-lipoxygenase is capable of disrupting the pH gradient maintained by mitochondria in living cells w

205 over protein secretion, in part by using the pH gradient maintained within their secretory pathway.

206 this study, we show that the tumor-specific pH gradient may be exploited for the treatment of cancer

207 focusing where the fluid does not move, this pH gradient method traps protein molecules flowing throu

208 In the absence of a membrane potential and a pH gradient, millimolar concentrations of zinc are requi

209 Allosteric regulation by pH gradients modulated the switch between these states b

210 roscopy (CLSM) to quantify three-dimensional pH gradients near electrode surfaces is described.

211 vides a possible explanation for the altered pH gradient observed in tumours.

212 experimentally demonstrated that detrimental pH gradients occur at flow rates of 8 mL/min and less, a

213 Since saposin C is a lysosomal protein and pH gradients occur in lysosomes, we propose that lipid d

214 , maintaining an unanticipated transmembrane pH gradient of 1 unit over the entire extracellular pH r

215 mposition of the elution buffer to produce a pH gradient of a desired shape.

216 issipate both the membrane potential and the pH gradient of Gram-positive bacteria, correlating well

217 added NaCl, we demonstrate a similar linear pH gradient of large range with a near-constant ionic st

218 H to O(2) generates a membrane potential and pH gradient of protons that can enter the molecular mach

219 grow at low pH, acidophiles must maintain a pH gradient of several pH units across the cellular memb

220 is dependent on both membrane potential and pH gradient of the electrochemical proton gradient, wher

221 tion of either the membrane potential or the pH gradient of the proton motive force did not prevent A

222 The proprotein convertase furin requires the pH gradient of the secretory pathway to regulate its mul

223 ropeptides to exploit the tightly controlled pH gradient of the secretory pathway, thereby regulating

224 ng species is described capable of producing pH gradients of a variety of shapes in the range between

225 Gradient chromatofocusing generates linear pH gradients on anion-exchange columns with inexpensive

226 model ligand in response to a transmembrane pH gradient or elevated voltage.

227 spholipid vesicles generates a transmembrane pH gradient (pH(in) < pH(out)), and this electrochemical

228 ToF) mass spectrometry involving overlapping pH gradients (pH 4-7 and 6-9).

229 microscopy is used to observe (in situ) the pH-gradient preconcentration of compounds into individua

230 s, which also suggest that the potential ASL pH gradient produced by defective apical ion transport i

231 own that a spatially localized transmembrane pH gradient, produced by acid micro-injection near the e

232 manipulation of buffer concentration and the pH gradient profile.

233 s, like deviations from the linearity of the pH-gradient profile and the effect of the organic modifi

234 istered users to assign molecular weight and pH gradient profiles to their own 2D gel patterns as wel

235 We have developed a novel pH-gradient protein A chromatography for rapid, non-size

236 nthophyll concentration in the presence of a pH gradient (quenched conditions) decreases the fraction

237 state concentration of protein sample with a pH gradient ranging from pH 2.0 to pH 11.5.

238 ce of the system was demonstrated by running pH gradients ranging from pH 8.2 to 10.9 on a polymer mo

239 oactivatable materials establish the tunable pH gradients required by IEF and precisely control the t

240 vesicle contents and diminishes the vesicle pH-gradient responsible for dopamine uptake and retentio

241 ransport of amphoteric molecules through the pH gradient resulted in accumulation of the molecules at

242 involvement of other mechanisms in cellular pH gradient reversal, for example acidic vesicles, lysos

243 Measuring the SC pH gradient showed significantly more neutral pH values

244 ent, including the buffer concentration, the pH gradient slope and the operating pH range was demonst

245 paration, including buffer concentration and pH gradient slope.

246 a in situ tissue loaded on basic immobilized pH gradient strips prior to two-dimensional gel electrop

247 dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradient strips.

248 the promotion of diffusional problems (e.g., pH gradients, substrate or product gradients), partition

249 er), and arginine, which provided a stepwise pH gradient tailored for focusing of the C-terminal Abet

250 promotes monoamine storage by increasing the pH gradient that drives vesicular monoamine transport.

251 I through the formation of a trans-thylakoid pH gradient that in turn stimulates formation of zeaxant

252 icient to give rise to the observed reversed pH gradient that is seen is some tumours.

253 oles of salt are needed to generate bubbles, pH gradients that are invariably associated with electro

254 Electrolysis of saline creates localized pH gradients that drive adipocyte death and saponificati

255 buffer components were used to generate the pH-gradients that separate closely related antibody spec

256 icity depends primarily on the transmembrane pH gradient, the height change requires both the pH grad

257 es of the intact membrane, the transmembrane pH gradient, the organization of the photosystem II ante

258 of which is modulated by the transthylakoid pH gradient, the PsbS protein, and protein-protein inter

259 ne to each side of the membrane is that in a pH gradient, the voltage sensor transports protons.

260 evaluate the capability of NCAMs to support pH gradients, the proton transport properties of NCAMs w

261 orters to dynamically increase the vesicular pH gradient, thereby increasing dopamine vesicle content

262 and 1.7%, respectively, whereas under simple pH-gradients these errors were 0.9% and 2%, respectively

263 in its sole reliance upon the transmembrane pH gradient to drive protein transport.

264 liposome system holding a three-unit inward pH gradient to mimic the conditions facing bacteria in t

265 em employs three membrane components and the pH gradient to transport folded proteins.

266 ave enabled propeptides to evolve to exploit pH gradients to activate within specific organelles.

267 gel electrophoresis (2-DE) with immobilized pH gradients to separate the proteins in a sample and co

268 minimally affected by membrane potential or pH gradient uncouplers.

269 Uncoupling the pH gradient (unquenched conditions) eliminates the 0.4-n

270 tead of separating amphoteric molecules in a pH gradient using electrophoresis, we separate cells and

271 apid and reversible generation of microscale pH gradients using a spatially varied electric field.

272 Studies comparing the effect of tamoxifen on pH gradients using different salt conditions and with ot

273 Dissipation of the granular pH gradient was associated with an inhibition of exocyto

274 The form of the pH gradient was controlled and optimized by the pump as

275 A 3D pH gradient was created in an electrolyte medium by cont

276 d RBC ghosts were significantly lower when a pH gradient was present, presumably because of the compe

277 This pH gradient was readily collapsed upon the addition of n

278 The pH gradient was then calculated from the difference in r

279 The required pH gradient was thus conveniently generated by electrica

280 that uses pI-based separation on immobilized pH gradients was developed to preparatively isolate mate

281 he ability of Na to dissipate an established pH gradient, was absent in plants grown without salt.

282 ed liposome system able to hold a three-unit pH gradient, we demonstrate that Arg/Agm exchange by Adi

283 Under three specifically configured pH gradients, we demonstrate that the microrobots exhibi

284 nes) would behave when they are exposed to a pH gradient; weak polybase-containing particles will ten

285 tric focusing (IEF) in microfluidic devices, pH gradients were electrochemically formed and optically

286 ar profile was observed in the presence of a pH gradient when the pH of the apical solutions was vari

287 e water level fluctuations, set up redox and pH gradients, where Fe precipitates and subsequently seq

288 approach is based on the generation of local pH gradients which will allow detecting indirectly redox

289 Oatp1d1 activity is dependent upon pH gradient, which could indicate bicarbonate exchange a

290 in the T domain or diminishing the endosomal pH gradient, which prevents T domain membrane insertion,

291 ability of a vesicle membrane to preserve a pH gradient, while allowing for diffusion of neutral mol

292 ins created in this study, using immobilized pH gradients, will be useful for comparison with maps of

293 ide elution conditions combined simultaneous pH gradient with ammonium acetate salt gradient elution

294 Disruption of lysosomal pH gradient with Bafilomycin A1, chloroquine, or ammoniu

295 The highly porous gels supported a pH gradient with slope and linearity comparable to bench

296 After collapse of lysosomal/endosomal acidic pH gradients with bafilomycin (50 nM), an inhibitor of t

297 to show that these cells exhibit an inverted pH gradient, with the extracellular pH lower than the in

298 electrochemical generation of localized, low-pH gradients within the tissue: fixed negative charges i

299 rate decreased the thickness of the surface pH gradient without significantly changing surface pH va

300 PQ in soq1 does not require a transthylakoid pH gradient, zeaxanthin formation, or the phosphorylatio