ライフサイエンスコーパス: pallidum

1 sal ganglia (including the putamen and right pallidum).

2 beta2, gamma2, and delta were highest in the pallidum.

3 -insula and the ventral striatum and ventral pallidum.

4 lost in D2, but not D1 inputs to the ventral pallidum.

5 y undescribed projection of the avian dorsal pallidum.

6 atic when they are reinfected with Treponema pallidum.

7 statement of cocaine seeking via the ventral pallidum.

8 teral BF, in regions occupied by the ventral pallidum.

9 iMSNs than their projections to the ventral pallidum.

10 and from SOM-positive neurons in the ventral pallidum.

11 lasticity in the dorsal and ventral striatum/pallidum.

12 ity to culture and genetically manipulate T. pallidum.

13 s that receive cortical input and project to pallidum.

14 nucleus accumbens projections to the ventral pallidum.

15 boratory manifestations of infection with T. pallidum.

16 on of motor variability first emerges in the pallidum.

17 cuits in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral pallidum.

18 ctyostelium fasciculatum and Polysphondylium pallidum.

19 s associated with macrolide resistance in T. pallidum.

20 orsal striatum, prelimbic cortex, or ventral pallidum.

21 er, with both cell types innervating ventral pallidum.

22 rt because of the cellular complexity of the pallidum.

23 lity transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum.

24 ves the glutamatergic neurons of the ventral pallidum.

25 the internal capsule (anterior limb) and the pallidum.

26 -MSN afferents collateralized to the ventral pallidum.

27 mus (-0.82 [0.19] vs 0.41 [0.24]; P = .001), pallidum (-0.78 [0.18] vs 0.43 [0.48]; P = .001), and hi

28 , ventral striatum (VST) (+14%; p<0.01), and pallidum (+11%; p=0.02).

29 philis was defined as detection of Treponema pallidum 16S RNA in CSF or CSF white blood cells (WBCs)

30 D3-rich regions, variability was low in the pallidum (6%) but higher in substantia nigra (19%), thal

31 imbic striatum, globus pallidus, and ventral pallidum (9-14%; p < 0.04) in humans and Islands of Call

32 we reveal synaptic properties in the ventral pallidum, a central hub of reward circuits, that differ

33 Furthermore, left pallidum activity was significantly elevated after EX wh

34 negative, triggers a confirmatory treponemal pallidum agglutination test.

35 ap the circulating Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum allelic profiles in this geographic region.

36 ty of the neurons that innervate the ventral pallidum also collateralize to the ventral mesencephalon

37 arson correlations for caudate, putamen, and pallidum (also correlated with age); thalamus and white

38 uster spanning the ventral striatum, ventral pallidum, amygdala, midbrain, and orbitofrontal cortex (

39 areas investigated, notably in the striatum/pallidum, amygdaloid nuclei and in the hippocampus it wa

40 PFC functional connectivity with the ventral pallidum, an AVP receptor-rich region previously associa

41 Treponema pallidum, an obligate parasite of humans and the causati

42 Conflict-related activity in the left pallidum and 35 cortical parcels/regions significantly p

43 ses in accumbens volume and local changes in pallidum and caudate volume occurred in patients defined

44 brain regions studied (hippocampus, ventral pallidum and cerebellum), or of the effects of chronic k

45 issect the function of the enigmatic ventral pallidum and elegantly demonstrate positive and negative

46 gton's disease was decreased in striatum and pallidum and increased in motor thalamic nuclei, compare

47 osynaptic inhibitory currents in the ventral pallidum and lateral habenula, though the net effects on

48 lume, but larger bilateral caudate, putamen, pallidum and lateral ventricle volumes.

49 s including the syphilis bacterium Treponema pallidum and Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi,

50 tion caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum and may lead to severe complications.

51 the interplay of the timing of STN input to pallidum and pallidal neuronal dynamics, resulting in se

52 intracranial volume and on regional caudate, pallidum and putamen volumes (beta = -0.71 to -1.37; P <

53 ophy, particularly in the thalamus, caudate, pallidum and putamen, and this was most apparent in seco

54 onse in the DRD3-rich regions of the ventral pallidum and substantia nigra.

55 al size and shape; focusing on the striatum, pallidum and thalamus.

56 ose was associated with larger volume of the pallidum and the putamen, and larger surface of the left

57 ens (NAc) include projections to the ventral pallidum and the ventral tegmental area and subtantia ni

58 lized to the posterior third of the internal pallidum and theta power correlated with proximity to th

59 pressing neurons project to both the ventral pallidum and ventral mesencephalon, and we found that a

60 Ns largely collateralize to both the ventral pallidum and ventral mesencephalon, only D1-MSN innervat

61 es send GABAergic projections to the ventral pallidum and were found to differentially promote cue-in

62 istics for each direct detection test for T. pallidum and what are the optimal specimen types for eac

63 (Borrelia burgdorferi), syphilis (Treponema pallidum) and leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans), an

64 rostral pallium, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.

65 tantial GABAergic innervation to the ventral pallidum, and chemogenetic inhibition of ventral pallida

66 fic neurons in nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum, and how these changes are associated with posi

67 based shape metrics of the caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens in 53 depressed patients

68 nction for D1-MSN innervation of the ventral pallidum, and suggest that losing LTDGABA in D2-MSN, but

69 We show that the striatum, pallidum, and thalamus each follow curvilinear trajector

70 subcortical structures such as the striatum, pallidum, and thalamus has remained poorly described--de

71 entral tegmentum, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and the orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex), the

72 vely correlated networks than posteroventral pallidum, and volume of tissue activated overlap with th

73 and posterior basolateral amygdala; ventral pallidum; and periaqueductal gray.

74 ], microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies [MHA-TP], Treponema pallidum particl

75 ilis, the Elecsys Syphilis assay detected T. pallidum antibodies for 3 patients for whom antibodies w

76 ic reader for detection of HIV and Treponema pallidum antibodies in 450 previously characterized seru

77 and compared to reference HIV and Treponema pallidum antibody detection methods.

78 For visual T. pallidum antibody detection, the test sensitivity was 94

79 cts IgG and IgM antibodies against Treponema pallidum antigens in human serum and plasma.

80 gest that theta oscillations in the internal pallidum are robustly associated with dystonic symptoms

81 Afferents to the ventral pallidum arise from both D1- and D2-MSNs, whereas the ve

82 mygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, putamen, and pallidum), as well as insular cortex, is associated with

83 ging revealed that right ventral putamen and pallidum atrophy correlated with higher reward-seeking s

84 re obtained, with significant effects in the pallidum (beta = -0.95, P = 0.0042).

85 s-induced mu-opioid activation (left ventral pallidum, bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, right h

86 s investigations on the role of Tp0126 in T. pallidum biology and syphilis pathogenesis showed that T

87 a suggest an important role for TP0126 in T. pallidum biology and syphilis pathogenesis.

88 zapine-N-oxide administered into the ventral pallidum, but not into the ventral mesencephalon, blocke

89 o similar to poor ex vivo phagocytosis of T. pallidum by host macrophages reported previously.

90 d ulcers were tested for HSV-2 and Treponema pallidum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

91 Unlike many pathogenic bacteria, Treponema pallidum cannot synthesize riboflavin; we recently descr

92 sterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, putamen, pallidum, caudate, hippocampus, and brain stem.

93 pmental shift in bilateral posterior putamen/pallidum clusters from preferential connectivity with th

94 ely 70% of D1-MSNs projecting to the ventral pallidum collateralized to the ventral mesencephalon, wh

95 Here we use direct sequencing of T. pallidum combined with phylogenomic analyses to show tha

96 alamus, medial prefrontal cortex, and globus pallidum compared to euglycemia for both PASL-MRI and PE

97 Blood T. pallidum concentrations were determined by real-time pol

98 highest opsonic activity had lower blood T. pallidum concentrations.

99 m cocaine.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ventral pallidum consists mainly of GABAergic reward-promoting n

100 mple, our findings suggest that the external pallidum could be a new target for cell-based therapies

101 sus D2-MSN GABAergic synapses in the ventral pallidum could explain the differential regulation of VP

102 syphilis was defined as undetectable CSF T. pallidum, CSF WBCs </=5/uL and nonreactive CSF-VDRL.

103 l pallidum (RVP), but not the caudal ventral pallidum (CVP), were robustly Fos activated during cue-i

104 cranial volumes (d=-0.12), as well as larger pallidum (d=0.21) and lateral ventricle volumes (d=0.37)

105 athogens to directly capture whole-genome T. pallidum data in the context of human infection.

106 the swimming speeds of B. burgdorferi and T. pallidum decrease with increases in viscosity of the ext

107 owed that postimmunization sera opsonized T. pallidum Despite such promising results, no significant

108 e able to cause or contribute to disease, T. pallidum differs in that it is able to rapidly dissemina

109 address 2 main questions with respect to T. pallidum direct detection techniques: "What are the perf

110 , suggesting a role for these proteins in T. pallidum dissemination and tissue invasion.

111 e dorsolateral subcompartment of the ventral pallidum (dlVP) and through the direct pathway to the me

112 T. pallidum DNA in blood and rRNA in CSF were detected by p

113 Treponema pallidum DNA in blood and rRNA in CSF were detected usin

114 Adjusted ORs (aORs) of detection of T. pallidum DNA in blood or rRNA in CSF at the index episod

115 Adjusted odds (aOR) of detection of T. pallidum DNA in blood or rRNA in CSF at the index episod

116 n immune evasion of the obligate pathogen T. pallidum during infection.

117 rs facility, finding 5.5% reactive Treponema pallidum enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests.

118 Regions near the anteromedial pallidum exhibited higher connectivity to the positively

119 was recovered from 28 (57%) specimens and T. pallidum from none; one woman showed serologic evidence

120 irus gene (HIV), and the syphilis (Treponema pallidum) gene.

121 at we also previously described for other T. pallidum genes encoding putative OMPs/virulence factors

122 silico analyses of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum genomes and predicted proteomes to search for h

123 rtex, and in contralateral amygdala, ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, and hippocampus, as well as d

124 Neural activity in the pallidum goes awry in neurologic diseases, such as Parki

125 to PCR testing (area under the curve for T. pallidum/H. ducreyi was 0.92/0.85, respectively).

126 e left hippocampus, right caudate, and right pallidum had a positive correlation with total impulsivi

127 ith standard laboratory tests (the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay [TPHA] and the RPR test

128 ce of reactive combined serology (positive T pallidum haemagglutination test and rapid plasmin reagin

129 d that the two principal neuron types in the pallidum have opposing roles in motor control.

130 opto-MOR in GABAergic neurons of the ventral pallidum hedonic cold spot led to real-time place aversi

131 nome sizes (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Treponema pallidum, Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Syn

132 (CSF-TPPA) is sensitive and a CSF Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (CSF-TPHA) titer of >/=1

133 Low densities were found in the pallidum, hypothalamus, brainstem and cerebellum.

134 The dorsal pallidum in birds is considered similar, if not homologo

135 e chain reaction (PCR) testing for Treponema pallidum in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.

136 ratory test (CSF-VDRL), (ii) detection of T. pallidum in CSF by reverse transcriptase PCR, or (iii) n

137 between opsonic activity and detection of T. pallidum in CSF or CSF-VDRL reactivity.

138 ins reflecting a high diversity of Treponema pallidum in early modern Europe.

139 alamus, medial prefrontal cortex, and globus pallidum in response to hypoglycemia.

140 ays and connectivity patterns related to the pallidum in schizophrenia.

141 HD-related increases in DC in right striatum/pallidum, in contrast with ASD-related increases in bila

142 Direct detection methods for Treponema pallidum include dark-field microscopy (DFM), direct flu

143 We documented urethral Treponema pallidum infection in a man with nongonococcal urethriti

144 an inflammatory eye disease due to Treponema pallidum infection.

145 Treponema pallidum infections can have severe complications if not

146 ategy has unveiled a scenario of discreet T. pallidum interstrain single-nucleotide-polymorphism-base

147 However, the ventral pallidum is a heterogeneous structure, and how this comp

148 herapies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The external pallidum is a key, yet an understudied component of the

149 The ventral pallidum is centrally positioned within mesocorticolimbi

150 Treponema pallidum is cleared from sites of infection by opsonizat

151 alon, only D1-MSN innervation of the ventral pallidum is necessary for cue-induced cocaine seeking.SI

152 The spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, a chronic,

153 an extended inflexible structure, and, in T. pallidum, is tightly bound to the protoplasmic cylinder.

154 and brainstem targets, including the ventral pallidum, lateral and magnocellular preoptic nuclei, lat

155 We also discovered a previously unknown T. pallidum lineage recovered as a sister group to yaws- an

156 The ventral pallidum, located in the ventral basal ganglia, has long

157 rge dorsomedial neurons of the caudal dorsal pallidum may be involved in sensory processing, in that

158 A in D2-MSN, but not D1-MSN input to ventral pallidum may promote cue-induced reinstatement of cocain

159 ructures, only D1 innervation of the ventral pallidum mediates cue-induced cocaine seeking.

160 est?" and "What options are available for T. pallidum molecular epidemiology?" To answer these questi

161 found no potential tetracycline-resistant T. pallidum mutations.

162 >80% was achieved for the caudate (n = 661), pallidum (n = 687), and nonventricular CSF (n = 939), an

163 ect, Food and Drug Administration-cleared T. pallidum NAATs should be considered an immediate priorit

164 When the T. pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols strain genome was initially annotated,

165 llidum SS14-like group and only 8.2% with T. pallidum Nichols-like group.

166 but not to volumes of the thalamus, putamen, pallidum, nucleus accumbens, or caudate nucleus.

167 Subcortical volumes (pallidum, nucleus accumbens, thalamus) were also differe

168 Extrapolated to T. pallidum, our model enables us to explain how individual

169 KOR availability in the striatum (p = .005), pallidum (p = .023), and cingulate cortex (p = .018).

170 fference between children and adults for the pallidum (p=0.79) or thalamus (p=0.89).

171 here was no difference in volume size in the pallidum (p=0.95) and thalamus (p=0.39) between people w

172 Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy) and Treponema pallidum pallidum (syphilis).

173 nescence immunoassay (CLIA), and a Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) test.

174 d by rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP.PA) testing (n = 231

175 ng with rapid plasma reagin (RPR), Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA), and fluorescent

176 Sure EIA) and three manual assays (Treponema pallidum particle agglutination [TP-PA], fluorescent tre

177 ggest that the cerebrospinal fluid Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (CSF-TPPA) is sens

178 y underwent reflexive testing with Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TP-PA) and were c

179 immunoassay); (5) LIAISON CIA; (6) Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA); and (7) Tr

180 nema pallidum antibodies [MHA-TP], Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay [TP-PA]).

181 ted using the rapid plasma reagin, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination, and chemiluminescence i

182 T. pallidum PCR assays for the tpp47 gene were performed on

183 sly believed to be exclusively located in T. pallidum periplasm.

184 81%) participants-either H ducreyi (n=42), T pallidum pertenue (yaws; n=19), or coinfection with both

185 We investigated T pallidum pertenue and another bacterium known to cause s

186 n lesional swabs to detect the presence of T pallidum pertenue and H ducreyi.

187 While this strongly argues that the pallidum plays a critical role in motor control, it has

188 The dorsal pallidum projects to both thalamic and midbrain targets

189 ode the major genetic mechanisms by which T. pallidum promotes immune evasion and survival, and demon

190 Previously, the T. pallidum proteins, Tp0750 and Tp0751 (also called pallil

191 ve dose-response for the accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen and ICV (P = 0.0032, 8.9 x 10(-6), 1.7

192 nificant reduction of volume in the caudate, pallidum, putamen and thalamus ipsilateral to the implan

193 s accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus.

194 , particularly between the left IFG and left pallidum, putamen, and insular cortex, is associated wit

195 s accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, and lateral ventricle).

196 rtex, caudate, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, and ventral striatum) showe

197 et binding regions were considered: caudate, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, cerebellar white matter, he

198 Regionally, we found higher CBF in the right pallidum/putamen of the cannabis users compared with non

199 s associated with a significant reduction in pallidum/putamen responses to pictures of high-calorie f

200 = 0.04), hippocampus (r = -0.60, p = 0.01), pallidum (r = -0.59, p = 0.02), putamen (r = -0.62, p =

201 (r=0.34, p=0.03), VST (r=0.36, p=0.02), and pallidum (r=0.30, p=0.05) across all subjects.

202 In addition to being bona fide T. pallidum rare outer membrane proteins, TprC/D and TprI r

203 sting and an experimental 23S rRNA Treponema pallidum real-time transcription-mediated amplification

204 l changes in the dorsal and ventral striatum/pallidum relate to or predict therapeutic response to EC

205 l as the parental ortholog for the Treponema pallidum repeat (Tpr) family in the syphilis spirochete.

206 We previously identified Treponema pallidum repeat proteins TprC/D, TprF, and TprI as candi

207 projections to VTA from the rostral ventral pallidum (RVP), but not the caudal ventral pallidum (CVP

208 This rapid assay detected HIV and Treponema pallidum serum antibodies with sensitivities of 100% (95

209 Urethral T. pallidum shedding can occur before seroconversion.

210 However, the atrophy level in the left pallidum showed a positive correlation with severity of

211 opioid neuropeptide abundant in the ventral pallidum, shows differential modulation of GABA input to

212 direct local field potentials from the human pallidum simultaneously with whole head magnetoencephalo

213 ormance characteristics were observed for T. pallidum-specific IHC (49-92%).

214 Impaired T. pallidum-specific immune responses could contribute to d

215 Different genes have been targeted by T. pallidum-specific NAATs, with the majority of studies in

216 Serum T. pallidum-specific opsonic activity is significantly lowe

217 individuals with syphilis were tested for T. pallidum-specific opsonic activity.

218 an 87% of patients were infected with the T. pallidum SS14-like group and only 8.2% with T. pallidum

219 owed that Tp0126 is fully conserved among T. pallidum strains and that transcription of tp0126 is dri

220 None of the T. pallidum strains examined had both point mutations.

221 wly described allelic profiles represents T. pallidum strains that arose by recombination events betw

222 e A2058G or the A2059G mutation among the T. pallidum strains were 35.6, 51.2, and 13.2%, respectivel

223 oth copies of the 23S rRNA gene in Treponema pallidum strains.

224 was determined in the amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, striatum, cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cor

225 ation events between members of different T. pallidum subgroups.

226 This double dissociation in ventral pallidum subregional roles in drug seeking is likely to

227 o 66%) was H. ducreyi (23% of specimens), T. pallidum subsp pertenue (16%), Streptococcus dysgalactia

228 e collected for real-time PCR testing for T. pallidum subsp pertenue and H. ducreyi.

229 Treponema pallidum subsp pertenue and Haemophilus ducreyi are caus

230 or presence of ulcers negative for Treponema pallidum subsp pertenue on PCR, and active yaws was defi

231 rial infection, which is caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), has been re-emerging glo

232 prompted us to map the circulating Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum allelic profiles in this geogra

233 In silico analyses of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum genomes and predicted proteomes

234 The spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is the causative agent of syphi

235 When the T. pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols strain genome was initi

236 n surface-exposed proteins, and in Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the syphilis agent, it was rep

237 ence that TP0126 is fully conserved among T. pallidum subspecies and strains, these data suggest an i

238 ly transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum and may lead to severe comp

239 Haemophilus ducreyi (HD) and Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue (TP) are major causative ag

240 Yaws, caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue and diagnosed by the presen

241 f resistance to macrolides against Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue was seen.

242 o both venereal syphilis and yaws-causing T. pallidum subspecies were already present in Northern Eur

243 iting in another slime mold, Polysphondylium pallidum, suggests organism-specific idiosyncrasies in t

244 orrelia burgdorferi) and syphilis (Treponema pallidum) swim through viscous fluids, such as blood and

245 onorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), herpes simplex virus 2, and HIV.

246 or ADHD, including the hippocampus, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain with pons (comprising a reg

247 increased 18F-AV-1451 uptake in the putamen, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain, and in the dentate nucleus

248 onic bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum that is endemic in low-income countries and and

249 A total of 129 specimens PCR positive for T. pallidum that were obtained from an azithromycin resista

250 ippocampus, thalamus, cortex, pons, medulla, pallidum that were significantly enriched for BMI herita

251 y for the detection of antibodies against T. pallidum The performance of this assay was investigated

252 nto the genomic adaptive traits of Treponema pallidum, the causative bacterium of syphilis, have long

253 d proteins, and in Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the syphilis agent, it was reported to affect

254 The ability of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete to colonize various ti

255 e detection of human antibodies to Treponema pallidum." The Syphilis Health Check is the only rapid s

256 linking this suppression to the striatum and pallidum, these results provide compelling functional ev

257 n host-associated Treponema that includes T. pallidum, this pathway is found in neither bacteria nor

258 into abnormal information processing in the pallidum through alterations in oscillatory activity.

259 nd that in Tanzania infection with Treponema pallidum (TP) subsp. pertenue (TPE) is present in four d

260 which is caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA), has been re-emerging globally in the las

261 onic seizures correlated with a reduction of pallidum volume (r = -0.71; P = .03).

262 Putamen and pallidum volume augmentations were positively associated

263 escents following PCE (P = .03), whereas the pallidum volume was smaller in adolescents following pre

264 chizophrenia-specific leftward asymmetry for pallidum volume.

265 ork implicated OxR1 signaling within ventral pallidum (VP) as a potential target.

266 Here, we identify the ventral pallidum (VP) as a site of convergence of medium spiny n

267 Neural activity in the ventral pallidum (VP) has been shown to encode changes in the va

268 n-1 receptor signaling (OxR1) within ventral pallidum (VP) in remifentanil demand and cue-induced rei

269 The ventral pallidum (VP) is a central node in the reward system tha

270 The ventral pallidum (VP) is a key hub in the reward system that enc

271 The ventral pallidum (VP) is a key node in the neural circuits contr

272 The ventral pallidum (VP) is a key structure in the reward system, i

273 The ventral pallidum (VP) is a major component of the BG limbic syst

274 The ventral pallidum (VP) is a target of dense nucleus accumbens pro

275 Ventral pallidum (VP) is a well-established locus for the reinfo

276 The ventral pallidum (VP) is critical for invigorating reward seekin

277 The ventral pallidum (VP) is necessary for drug-seeking behavior.

278 The ventral pallidum (VP) is posited to contribute to reward seeking

279 Here, we show that the songbird ventral pallidum (VP) is required for song learning and sends di

280 albumin-positive (PV) neurons in the ventral pallidum (VP) projecting to either the lateral habenula

281 GABAergic neurons in the ventral pallidum (VP) provide a major input to VTA neurons.

282 The ventral pallidum (VP) receives orexin projections from lateral h

283 that cue-evoked neural firing in the ventral pallidum (VP) reflected the strength of incentive motiva

284 Ventral pallidum (VP) serves important roles in reward and motiv

285 ome history-based RPE signals in the ventral pallidum (VP), a basal ganglia region functionally linke

286 Ventral pallidum (VP), a key limbic node involved in drug seekin

287 w that optogenetic inhibition of the ventral pallidum (VP), a region known for processing reward, imp

288 he NAc-S projects prominently to the ventral pallidum (VP), and in the current experiments, we assess

289 The dorsal-lateral BF, including the ventral pallidum (VP), contains reward-sensitive neurons, some o

290 t (GPe), internal segment (GPi), and ventral pallidum (VP)-in 8 HD cases compared with 7 matched cont

291 ucture of the mesolimbic system, the ventral pallidum (VP).

292 nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) or the ventral pallidum (VP).

293 ugh its output to the rostral medial ventral pallidum (VP-m).

294 In participants in whom blood T. pallidum was detectable, those with the highest opsonic

295 ion amplification of the tp0574 gene, and T. pallidum was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by re

296 ity using silver stain histopathology for T. pallidum was generally low (0%-41%), higher performance

297 HSV-2 and T. pallidum were detected by serum antibody testing.

298 halamus, medial prefrontal cortex and globus pallidum) were obtained using PASL-MRI and [(15)O] water

299 tive TprC and TprI are surface-exposed in T. pallidum, whereas their MOSP(N)-like domains are tethere

300 rom Sodalis glossinidius and Polysphondylium pallidum, which are phylogenetically related to the Salm