ライフサイエンスコーパス: pancreatic islet

1 hormone, is released from alpha-cells of the pancreatic islet.

2 al and peripheral metabolic signals into the pancreatic islet.

3 undance and scattered distribution in rodent pancreatic islets.

4 ensitive insulin release from beta-cells and pancreatic islets.

5 upled receptors in various tissues including pancreatic islets.

6 from cultured beta cells and mouse and human pancreatic islets.

7 e highly viable and functional bioartificial pancreatic islets.

8 iRNAs that are modulated by glucose in mouse pancreatic islets.

9 TRMs formed a protective barrier surrounding pancreatic islets.

10 8067 overlaps a predicted enhancer region in pancreatic islets.

11 ized bed that enables the transplantation of pancreatic islets.

12 ction of insulin-producing beta-cells within pancreatic islets.

13 ing the hallmark morphogenetic properties of pancreatic islets.

14 matory signaling in macrophages infiltrating pancreatic islets.

15 ion of at least four cell types constituting pancreatic islets.

16 te to the development and proper function of pancreatic islets.

17 s and induction of an interferon response in pancreatic islets.

18 ed features of hypothalamic neurospheres and pancreatic islets.

19 e seen in nondiabetic deceased donor control pancreatic islets.

20 ts of maternal bisphenol A exposure on mouse pancreatic islets.

21 4 miRNAs was examined in CVB5-infected human pancreatic islets.

22 expression profiling of CVB5-infected human pancreatic islets.

23 show little evidence of autoimmunity in the pancreatic islets.

24 roduction of GLP1 and insulin secretion from pancreatic islets.

25 protocol for extrahepatic transplantation of pancreatic islets.

26 and alters expression of metabolic genes in pancreatic islets.

27 mmation- and autoimmunity-mediated damage of pancreatic islets.

28 marker for endoplasmic reticulum stress) in pancreatic islets.

29 human brain development, in adult brain and pancreatic islets.

30 l outer plexiform layer, Purkinje cells, and pancreatic islets.

31 ffect on beta-cell proliferation of isolated pancreatic islets.

32 of the ER stress transcriptional response in pancreatic islets.

33 d also in normal beta-cell function in adult pancreatic islets.

34 inoma MIN6 cells and primary mouse and human pancreatic islets.

35 created promoter capture Hi-C maps in human pancreatic islets.

36 entified novel putative biomarkers for early pancreatic islet aberrations preceding T2D.

37 in autoreactive B-lymphocytes infiltrate NOD pancreatic islets, acquire an activated proliferative ph

38 catalog of gene expression changes in human pancreatic islets after exposure to glucose.

39 arrow is not a suitable alternative site for pancreatic islet allotransplantation in patients with ty

40 ded MALDI MS was used to identify individual pancreatic islet alpha and beta cells, which were then t

41 high glucose of either INS-1E cells or human pancreatic islets altered GSIS and concomitantly reduced

42 Human pancreatic islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) and beta am

43 y (insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue, pancreatic islet and beta cell function, adipocyte diffe

44 To do so, we quantified pancreatic islet and exocrine sympathetic nerve fiber ar

45 When applied to pancreatic islet and whole kidney expression data in hum

46 data reveal novel direct neuronal effects on pancreatic islets and also render a functional validatio

47 Here, we report that pancreatic islets and beta cells abundantly export miR-3

48 n can be induced by a virus and cytokines in pancreatic islets and beta-cells, respectively.

49 activate protein kinase C zeta (PKCzeta) in pancreatic islets and beta-cells.

50 ed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets and enhanced systemic glucose toleranc

51 d insulin secretion both in human and murine pancreatic islets and in clonal beta cells in a dose- an

52 tion of insulin release using human isolated pancreatic islets and INS-1 cells.

53 h significantly reduced apoptosis of murine pancreatic islets and insulin-secreting INS-1E cells, re

54 cription factor PDX1 and its target genes in pancreatic islets and insulinoma cells.

55 We obtained samples of human pancreatic islets and isolated islets from mice; human a

56 fluorescent ATP biosensor Perceval in mouse pancreatic islets and loaded them with a Ca(2+) indicato

57 ell-autoreactive T cells to traffic into the pancreatic islets and may represent a new target for pha

58 of Notch pathway components in adult murine pancreatic islets and show that DLL1 and DLL4 are specif

59 of the global Ca(2+) response to glucose in pancreatic islets and significantly reduces insulin rele

60 he importance of epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic islets and T2D pathogenesis.

61 Finally, we show that the number of pancreatic islets and the area of insulin-positive cells

62 nduce free cholesterol accumulation in human pancreatic islets and the INS-1 insulinoma cell line.

63 or detecting hormones that are secreted from pancreatic islets and, in combination with appropriate L

64 profiles underscored a predominant role for pancreatic islets and, to a lesser extent, adipose and l

65 adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, gut, pancreatic islet, and brain and may contribute to obesit

66 uses amylin deposition and proteotoxicity in pancreatic islets, and contributes to the development of

67 The expression of cd93 was observed in pancreatic islets, and leaky vessels were apparent in cd

68 most highly expressed SOX family protein in pancreatic islets, and mutations in Sox4 are associated

69 e beta cell proliferation in the fetal ovine pancreatic islets, and that growth retardation in hypoth

70 When transplanted human pancreatic islets are exposed to blood during intraporta

71 PRV) retrograde tracing, indicating that the pancreatic islets are innervated by efferent circuits th

72 We found that pancreatic islets are innervated by vagal sensory axons

73 Insulin producing pancreatic islets are located in close proximity to the

74 ade of autoimmune attack and regeneration of pancreatic islets are ultimate goals for the complete cu

75 mics during glucose tolerance testing; or in pancreatic islet area or islet morphology, demonstrating

76 on and increased the abundance of B cells in pancreatic islets as seen in human type 1 diabetes.

77 T to study TF footprints from human PBMC and pancreatic islet ATAC-seq samples to show its utility to

78 D) after environmental exposures may develop pancreatic islet autoantibodies (IA) at a very young age

79 Insulin secretion by pancreatic islet beta cells is critical for glucose home

80 are implicated in autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells, which results in insulin de

81 in secretion as a function of granule age in pancreatic islet beta cells.

82 heterogeneity are fundamental properties of pancreatic islet beta cells.

83 zinc transporter ZnT8 largely restricted to pancreatic islet beta- and alpha-cells, and responsible

84 d amyloid protein intimately associated with pancreatic islet beta-cell dysfunction and death in type

85 There is also the potential for pancreatic islet beta-cell expansion through c-MET regul

86 The case here is the pancreatic islet beta-cell presented with excessive leve

87 lipid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation in pancreatic islet beta-cells and hepatocytes, and that gl

88 Pancreatic islet beta-cells are particularly susceptible

89 Loss of insulin-producing pancreatic islet beta-cells is a hallmark of type 1 diab

90 The failure of pancreatic islet beta-cells is a major contributor to th

91 The secretion of insulin from pancreatic islet beta-cells is critical for glucose home

92 The microtubule cytoskeleton of pancreatic islet beta-cells regulates glucose-stimulated

93 pecific" KCC2 co-transporter is expressed in pancreatic islet beta-cells where it modulates Ca(2+)-de

94 nover of insulin secretory granules (SGs) in pancreatic islet beta-cells.

95 , when relieved, could promote exocytosis in pancreatic islet beta-cells.

96 id receptor 1 (FFAR1) is highly expressed in pancreatic, islet beta-cells and responds to endogenous

97 Using isolated pancreatic islets, BETP potentiated insulin secretion in

98 However, our comprehensive analysis of pancreatic islet bioenergetics reveals that Drp1 does no

99 exerts an effect on insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islets but also affects the orexigenic effect

100 d but distinct enzymes that are expressed in pancreatic islets, but their relative contributions to o

101 etic mouse stems from an infiltration of the pancreatic islets by a mixed population of immunocytes,

102 d examined for the number and cellularity of pancreatic islets by immunofluorescence and FACS.

103 ng that alpha cells derived from adult human pancreatic islets can be reprogrammed to become glucose-

104 st that taming cytosolic calcium overload in pancreatic islets can improve beta-cell survival and fun

105 driver gene mutations, including significant pancreatic islet cell adaptation in obesity-associated t

106 ular regulatory program to correctly specify pancreatic islet cell fates.

107 ose levels, insulin sensitivity and restored pancreatic islet cell mass, neuronal innervation and mic

108 PGE2 We tested the hypothesis that enriching pancreatic islet cell membranes with EPA, thereby reduci

109 Organ growth and pancreatic islet cell proliferation and mass were examin

110 the Pax6 gene in mice leads to loss of most pancreatic islet cell types, the functional consequences

111 1000 cDNA libraries, each from an individual pancreatic islet cell.

112 osely related cell types (for example, other pancreatic islet cells such as alpha-cells, or other cel

113 d applicability to sophisticated analyses of pancreatic islet cells that reveal new biological insigh

114 bioscaffold for delivery of donor syngeneic pancreatic islet cells to reverse hyperglycemia in murin

115 To validate the approach, single rat pancreatic islet cells were rapidly analyzed with optica

116 ncer subtyping, (ii) single-cell genomics of pancreatic islet cells, and (iii) metaanalysis of lung a

117 eavours that focus on the differentiation of pancreatic islet cells, and their applications in regene

118 ge experimental differences, five studies of pancreatic islet cells, mouse embryogenesis datasets and

119 Rabbits were treated with alloxan to destroy pancreatic islet cells, or mock-treated with vehicle, an

120 platform for RNA sequencing of single mouse pancreatic islet cells.

121 TSPAN-7 is enriched in pancreatic islet cells; however, the function of islet T

122 ell-cell functional interaction of PDECs and pancreatic islets, characterize appropriate therapeutic

123 Human pancreatic islets consist of multiple endocrine cell typ

124 The pancreatic islet, consisting of 1-2% mass of the whole p

125 umulation of nanobubbles specifically within pancreatic islets, correlating with insulitis.

126 An iron overload may induce pancreatic islet damage and increase risk of diabetes.

127 quencing to obtain a detailed description of pancreatic islet development.

128 Through testing streptozotocin-induced pancreatic islet disruption and fatal diabetes, we found

129 electrical activity of beta-cells within the pancreatic islet drives oscillatory insulin secretion.

130 y was to identify key miRNAs dysregulated in pancreatic islets during T1D progression and to develop

131 s fundamental cell-type-specific features of pancreatic islet (dys)function and provides a critical r

132 Pancreatic islet dysfunction and beta cell failure are h

133 AnkB-KO mice develop obesity and progressive pancreatic islet dysfunction with age or high-fat diet (

134 ated variants to exert their effects through pancreatic islet dysfunction.

135 Human pancreatic islets engrafted into immunodeficient mice se

136 Genetic variants affecting pancreatic islet enhancers are central to T2D risk, but

137 ific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin

138 ate with cell-specific chromatin domains and pancreatic islet enhancers.

139 Thus, circulating pancreatic islet-enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) might be us

140 In sum, increasing pancreatic islet EPA abundance improves diabetic beta-ce

141 In human type 1 diabetes pancreatic islets, fasting conditions reduce PKA and mTO

142 a versus beta cells generated from dispersed pancreatic islets, followed by the construction of frequ

143 vely enhance the function and engraftment of pancreatic islets following transplantation.

144 The transplantation of pancreatic islets, following the Edmonton Protocol, is a

145 er cancer treatment, or anchored delivery of pancreatic islets for a potential type 1 diabetes (T1D)

146 Transplantation of pancreatic islets for treating type 1 diabetes is restri

147 ARA 290 protected pancreatic islets from cytokine-induced damage and apopt

148 genome at a single nucleotide resolution, in pancreatic islets from donors with T2D and control subje

149 GSIS in rat insulinoma cells (INS-1) and in pancreatic islets from ghrelin (-/-) mice.

150 In studies of pancreatic islets from human beings and mice, we found t

151 Pancreatic islets from mice with haploinsufficiency of P

152 inflammatory processes are also activated in pancreatic islets from obese animals and humans with obe

153 Pancreatic islets from rats encapsulated in the device a

154 Destroying visceral sensory nerves impacts pancreatic islet function, glucose metabolism, and diabe

155 t organ, as both alpha and beta cells within pancreatic islets gradually lose their VTCN1 protein dur

156 tion regarding the longevity of transplanted pancreatic islet grafts could provide valuable informati

157 MSCs support pancreatic islet growth by direct differentiation into i

158 NP) associated with T1D, namely, Lnc13 Human pancreatic islets harboring the T1D-associated SNP risk

159 vation of ionic signaling dynamics in intact pancreatic islets has contributed greatly to our underst

160 Yet, the neuronal network linking to pancreatic islets has never been fully mapped.

161 Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) of pancreatic islets have reported on alpha- and beta-cell

162 on potential amplitude as a key regulator of pancreatic islet hormone secretion.

163 rome MENX, caused by a p27 mutation, develop pancreatic islet hyperplasia containing elevated numbers

164 lipid accumulation in liver and muscle, and pancreatic islet hyperplasia.

165 Within the pancreatic islet, IL-6 stimulates secretion of the prosu

166 in, we report the discovery of first TP live pancreatic islet imaging probe; TP-alpha (Two Photon-alp

167 igenomic data support a central role for the pancreatic islet in the pathogenesis of T2DM.

168 ike-lectins (siglecs) are expressed in human pancreatic islets in a cell-type specific manner.

169 ls have long challenged the imaging of small pancreatic islets in animal models.

170 eration), and LC3 (a marker of autophagy) in pancreatic islets in db/db mice.

171 due to attenuation of T-cell infiltration in pancreatic islets in NOD mice.

172 Here, we examined the immunopeptidome of the pancreatic islets in non-obese diabetic mice, which spon

173 asculature over time within extracted murine pancreatic islets in static culture, which may have impl

174 AD, and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in pancreatic islets in T2D.

175 lected in a single disease-relevant tissue - pancreatic islets in the case of type 2 diabetes (T2D) -

176 is a proposed therapeutic target to protect pancreatic islets in the setting of diabetes, little is

177 potent stem cells (hPSCs) differentiate into pancreatic islets in vitro by profiling DNA methylation,

178 , in particular by fabricating bioartificial pancreatic islets in vitro.

179 ates were determined in isolated fetal ovine pancreatic islets in vitro.

180 expressed in several endocrine cells of the pancreatic islet, including glucagon secreting alpha-cel

181 Analyses in human pancreatic islets indicated the potential mechanism of i

182 bitors as a therapeutic approach to suppress pancreatic islet infiltration and prevent beta-cell deat

183 lases (HDACs), has been reported to suppress pancreatic islet inflammation and beta-cell apoptosis in

184 chronic inflammation; both diseases involve pancreatic islet inflammation, while systemic low-grade

185 ws, for the first time, visual assessment of pancreatic islet insulin content, and we demonstrate tha

186 , CD4(+), and CD20(+) cells) into and around pancreatic islets (insulitis).

187 Endocrine cells of the pancreatic islet interact with their microenvironment to

188 The pancreatic islet is a complex micro-organ containing num

189 The pancreatic islet is a highly vascularized endocrine micr

190 The liver as transplantation site for human pancreatic islets is a harsh microenvironment for islets

191 Transplantation of pancreatic islets is a therapeutic option to preserve or

192 DATA: The liver as transplantation site for pancreatic islets is associated with significant loss of

193 e whose deposition as amyloid fibrils in the pancreatic islets is associated with type 2 diabetes.

194 Aberrant expression of miRNAs in pancreatic islets is closely related to the development

195 Pulsatile insulin from pancreatic islets is crucial for glucose homeostasis, bu

196 Xenocell therapy from neonate or adult pig pancreatic islets is one of the most promising alternati

197 n the circulation of Ghsr (-/-) mice, and in pancreatic islets isolated from Ghsr (-/-) mice.

198 In pancreatic islets isolated from intact fetal sheep, beta

199 k aimed to identify differences in the human pancreatic islet isolation processes within European cou

200 In insulin-secreting beta-cells of pancreatic islets, K(ATP) channels play a key role in re

201 the destruction of beta (beta) cells in the pancreatic islets, leading to loss of insulin production

202 Silencing of this intronic circular RNA in pancreatic islets leads to a decrease in the expression

203 Pancreatic islet-like distributions of islet hormones we

204 n microfluidic two-organ-chip model to study pancreatic islet-liver cross-talk based on insulin and g

205 Pancreatic islets manage elevations in blood glucose lev

206 development with expected stratification of pancreatic islet mass were examined in relation to indiv

207 shown to be a surrogate imaging biomarker of pancreatic islet mass.

208 to test whether and how TH signaling affects pancreatic islet maturation, and consequently glucose ho

209 early non-invasive detection of NF-kappaB in pancreatic islets may serve as a potential strategy for

210 ed damage of insulin-producing beta-cells of pancreatic islets, may involve viral infection.

211 -quantitative confocal analysis of non-fixed pancreatic islet microscopy we demonstrated that ODND pr

212 ave established a robust co-culture of human pancreatic islet microtissues and liver spheroids mainta

213 ecretion, steatosis, metabolic inflammation, pancreatic islet morphometry, islet cellular composition

214 d-stimulated pathway that selectively drives pancreatic islet NGSIS, which may be therapeutically exp

215 ocyte and sympathetic innervation markers in pancreatic islets of adult dogs with spontaneous DM (sDM

216 posure has dose- and sex-specific effects on pancreatic islets of adult F1 and F2 mice offspring.

217 ble decline in mitochondrial function in the pancreatic islets of aged mice (>/=24 months), the resul

218 Localization of the tracer in the pancreatic islets of BALB/c nude mice was examined using

219 The effects of ARA 290 on pancreatic islets of C57BL/6J (H-2) mice and on murine m

220 on selenoprotein transcript profiles in the pancreatic islets of C57BL/6J mice.

221 n vitro, we tested whether EVs isolated from pancreatic islets of healthy patients and patients with

222 Human pancreatic islets of Langerhans contain five distinct en

223 The pancreatic islets of Langerhans maintain glucose homeost

224 The pancreatic islets of Langerhans maintain glucose homeost

225 The pancreatic islets of Langerhans regulate glucose homeost

226 in depletion of the resident macrophages of pancreatic islets of Langerhans that lasted for several

227 A primary insult to the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, leading to the activati

228 PP) is responsible for cell depletion in the pancreatic islets of Langherans, and for multiple pathol

229 The tracer accumulates specifically in the pancreatic islets of mice, and a clear fluorescent signa

230 Upon exposing isolated pancreatic islets of obese mice to normal glucose concen

231 proinsulin-responding T cells from inflamed pancreatic islets of organ donors with recent-onset T1D.

232 cells in vitro(5), have been detected in the pancreatic islets of patients with T1D(6) and have shown

233 major component of amyloid deposits found in pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)

234 identified hundreds of T cells from inflamed pancreatic islets of three young organ donors with type

235 CD4 T cells from the residual pancreatic islets of two organ donors who had T1D also r

236 ons to closely mimic events occurring during pancreatic islet organogenesis and beta cell maturation.

237 Circadian clocks operative in pancreatic islets participate in the regulation of insul

238 , induced the generation of approximately 80 pancreatic islets per animal, and ultimately led to incr

239 This was confirmed in vitro by pancreatic islet perifusion showing an amplified biphasi

240 ogeneous cell populations that display mixed pancreatic islet phenotypes and immaturity.

241 the manufacture of allogeneic purified human pancreatic islet (PHPI) product evaluated in a phase 3 t

242 The CIT consortium trial of purified human pancreatic islets (PHPI) in patients with T1D after kidn

243 ucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic islets (PIs) of beta-cells through an as yet

244 d glucagon, the beta- and alpha-cells of the pancreatic islets play a central role in the regulation

245 Pancreatic islets play an essential role in regulating b

246 hate transporter present in MIN6m9 cells and pancreatic islets, prevented this flush.

247 Pancreatic islets produce and secrete cytokines and chem

248 Pancreatic islets regulate glucose homeostasis through c

249 We found that rat and human pancreatic islets release the intracellular beta-cell au

250 In these mice, pancreatic islets remained free of autoimmune attack.

251 Pancreatic islets respond to elevated blood glucose by s

252 T1D)-an autoimmune disease that destroys the pancreatic islets, resulting in insulin deficiency-often

253 delta-1, the dominant alpha2delta subunit in pancreatic islets, results in glucose intolerance and di

254 We confirm that mouse pancreatic islets secrete GLP-1 and CCK, but only GLP-1

255 sease states is to utilize insulin-producing pancreatic islets seeded in a bioscaffold for implantati

256 Intraperitoneal implantation of pancreatic islets seeded within the copolymer bioscaffol

257 ed by a heightened antibody (Ab) response to pancreatic islet self-antigens, which is a biomarker of

258 e show the impact of cell confinement on the pancreatic islet signature during the guided differentia

259 owledge on the creation of three-dimensional pancreatic islet structures in both microscale and micro

260 ngs and resources detailed here show how pig pancreatic islet studies complement other systems for un

261 sulin release from beta-cell lines and mouse pancreatic islets suggesting a role for Piezo1 in cell s

262 the oxygen content of implants encapsulating pancreatic islets that are unconstrained in the intraper

263 cose-stimulated insulin secretion (NGSIS) in pancreatic islets that is activated by nonesterified fre

264 ction of the insulin-producing beta-cells in pancreatic islets that is mediated by autoimmune mechani

265 small fraction of genomic CpG sites in human pancreatic islets, the tissue of primary pathogenic impo

266 supply, in the engineering of bioartificial pancreatic islets to ensure their viability and function

267 lop of a complete model of three-dimensional pancreatic islets to test various factors that affect di

268 enomic, and transcriptomic profiles in human pancreatic islets to understand the links between geneti

269 le-genome DNA methylation landscape in human pancreatic islets, to identify differentially methylated

270 GLP-1R is expressed in pancreatic islets together with the closely related gluc

271 (T2D) and related glycemic traits, and human pancreatic islet transcription using data from 420 donor

272 Strikingly, the pancreatic islet transcriptome was greatly altered in he

273 The efficacy of pancreatic islet transplantation (PITx) is reduced due t

274 During intraportal pancreatic islet transplantation (PITx), early inflammat

275 The long-term success of pancreatic islet transplantation (Tx) as a cure for type

276 n patients with type 1 diabetes who received pancreatic islet transplantation and anti-CD25 mAb as in

277 Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising clinical

278 Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising potentia

279 Pancreatic islet transplantation is a rapidly evolving f

280 ently the most active region in the field of pancreatic islet transplantation, and many of the leadin

281 marrow (BM) might be an alternative site for pancreatic islet transplantation.

282 iteria for adverse events in Trials of Adult Pancreatic Islet Transplantation." RESULTS: There were n

283 over 20 000 phosphorylation sites from human pancreatic islets treated with interleukin-1beta and int

284 the effects of the loss of MMP-9 function on pancreatic islets uncovers a deteriorated beta cell func

285 ication of both cAMP and insulin from single pancreatic islets undergoing a variety of treatments (gl

286 ling peptides extracted from mouse and human pancreatic islets using mass spectrometry (MS).

287 f glucose-responsive insulin-secreting human pancreatic islets, vascularize decellularized rat intest

288 c beta-cells, as well as in human and murine pancreatic islets, via AKT/BCL2 signaling.

289 Accumulation of CXCR3(+) Treg cells within pancreatic islets was dependent on the transcription fac

290 ance of CD4 T cells and dendritic cells into pancreatic islets was reduced, (ii) presentation of insu

291 sing the mouse insulinoma MIN6 cell line and pancreatic islets, we investigated the effects of G prot

292 Isolated pancreatic islets were derived from NOD mice of three di

293 b/db), diet-induced obese, and control mice; pancreatic islets were isolated 7 days later for analysi

294 -1 and BRIN-BD11) and freshly-isolated mouse pancreatic islets were studied.

295 e or fatty acids impair insulin secretion in pancreatic islets, which could partly be due to epigenet

296 In one of the first studies of human pancreatic islets with a disease-causing HNF1A variant a

297 Treatment of mouse pancreatic islets with CX4945, a highly selective CK2 in

298 Mice lacking Snord116 have smaller pancreatic islets; within the islet the percentage of de

299 d distant spreading of malignant cells after pancreatic islets xenograft isolated from PDAC patients.

300 to functional hepatocytes,cholangiocytes or pancreatic islets, yielding similar levels of secretion