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1 Here, we report the identification of four paralogous 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenases in
4 vertebrate haemoglobin, a heterotetramer of paralogous alpha- and beta-subunits that mediates respir
9 M. truncatula, providing a multidimensional paralogous-antagonistic regulatory paradigm for fine-tun
12 te that Archaeal AMP-Acs and ADP-Acs contain paralogous ATPase motifs previously identified in Ack, w
13 stigator data indicated that AtXTH31 and the paralogous AtXTH32 were abundantly expressed in expandin
14 matodes and planaria, however, have a set of paralogous beta-catenins; for example, C. elegans HMP-2
15 ing of haplotype blocks between these highly paralogous blocks that most likely arose from sequential
17 to concerted action of MICU1 and MICU2, two paralogous, but functionally distinct, EF-hand Ca(2+)-bi
21 n a disaggregation mechanism whereby the two paralogous chaperones alternatively activate the release
24 locus was identified on chromosome 1, and a paralogous ClpP5 gene was isolated and confirmed as the
26 However, these genes are located in distinct paralogous clusters in the genome apart from the classic
27 e genomic arrangement of Hox genes into four paralogous clusters is a primitive feature of jawed vert
28 Future, functional tests of homologous and paralogous CMTs will uncover novel roles and consequence
30 odular peptidases regularly found in several paralogous copies in animals and plants, where they have
31 tified a 171-bp DNA sequence within multiple paralogous copies of msp2 within the genome of A. phagoc
35 systems are orthologous and the origin of a paralogous CRZ-type signalling system can be traced to t
36 02-1717) show that Cezanne and Cezanne2, two paralogous deubiquitinating enzymes that are recruited t
40 ered both alternatively spliced and putative paralogous dsx transcripts from several orders of hexapo
41 cation and has a relatively larger supply of paralogous duplicates, shows SNP enrichment in paralogou
42 me-wide duplications in the vertebrate stem, paralogous Edn pathways functionally diverged, resulting
43 originating in the luminal layer exploit the paralogous EMT-TFs Slug and Snail, respectively, which i
44 ical function of VKORC1-like 1 (VKORC1L1), a paralogous enzyme sharing about 50% protein identity wit
46 xylase (AAAD) family has yielded an array of paralogous enzymes exhibiting divergent substrate prefer
47 e for ethanolamine over choline, whereas two paralogous enzymes from Loxosceles arizonica either pref
50 es (tissue-specific, alternative splicing of paralogous exons of a single gene) and vertebrates (tiss
58 among the present-day receptors, allowing a paralogous family of transcription factors to control di
59 B transcription factors (TFs), MYB88 and the paralogous FLP (MYB124), in cold stress in apple and Ara
60 ultiple paralogs of Spx, suggesting that two paralogous forms of Spx could simultaneously contact RNA
61 le that gene duplication events discriminate paralogous from orthologous genes, QuartetS has been sho
62 ectable AdoMetDC activity; however, when two paralogous fusion proteins are mixed, AdoMetDC activity
65 the Bmal1-knockout mice by expression of the paralogous gene Bmal2, insulin action and activity patte
68 the developmental origin, oncogenic drivers, paralogous gene expression pattern, and chromosomal stru
69 Borrelia burgdorferi genome harbors several paralogous gene families (pgf) that can encode immunogen
72 regulation of the ribosome, including three paralogous gene families encoding 40S, 60S, and mitochon
73 ray to identify pathways, gene networks, and paralogous gene families responsive to Microcystis stres
74 ion (49.1%) of these CDSs are organized into paralogous gene families, which can now be further explo
75 oxidoreductase gene family) and the trypsin paralogous gene family (a major component of the digesti
81 Knowledge obtained by untangling specific paralogous gene functions during development might not o
86 hat developmental mutations in the zebrafish paralogous gene otpa but not otpb affect both stress res
88 stitutions per synonymous site (Ks ) between paralogous gene pairs and reconciliation of 578 gene tre
89 n studies of duplicated dps genes shows that paralogous gene pairs are expressed differentially and t
92 t modify the alternative splicing of SMN2, a paralogous gene to SMN1, restoring the survival motor ne
95 ethod of differentiating between allelic and paralogous (gene copy) sequence variants, allowing ident
97 nids have seven primary subunits (encoded by paralogous genes a-g), which combine to form a 24-mer (4
98 In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), these paralogous genes are positioned in tandem within a clust
99 (CLC) subunits in vertebrates are encoded by paralogous genes CLTA and CLTB, and both gene products a
100 yanobacterial strains, there are one to four paralogous genes coding for homologs to the NTD of the O
101 olution of genes(3) and the proliferation of paralogous genes during genome-wide duplication events(4
104 s (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains two paralogous genes encoding stomatin-like proteins (SLPs;
105 ces of P. aeruginosa reveal it to have three paralogous genes for this protease, designated as ampD,
106 all RNA targeting, relating to the multicopy paralogous genes generated from whole genome triplicatio
107 single crossover chimeras between duplicated paralogous genes is a known process for increasing diver
108 hat functional redundancy between duplicated paralogous genes is the molecular mechanism for the inte
109 The local regulators are the products of two paralogous genes mapping at positions adjacent to the co
115 tromeres, TET/JBP transposons, and multicopy paralogous genes that are not expressed, but rarely mark
116 nomes allowed the tracing of orthologous and paralogous genes to understand the co-evolution of polyp
117 ying this metric, the authors concluded that paralogous genes within the mouse genome or the human ge
120 ly as fetal gamma-globin expression from two paralogous genes, hemoglobin subunit gamma 1 (HBG1) and
121 y of target genes to the loss of one or both paralogous genes, including preferential effects on spec
127 ssociated with such mutations are functional paralogous genes, suggesting that epistatic interactions
141 r heterozygous missense substitutions in the paralogous glutamic acid residue in TWIST2 (p.Glu75Ala,
142 Several invertebrate deuterostomes have two paralogous glycine carrier genes, with one gene in the p
143 also described the identification of a novel paralogous glycoprotein hormone thyrostimulin and design
147 owever, to what extent members of individual paralogous groups can undergo functional changes during
148 diverse cyanobacteria, occurring as multiple paralogous groups, with two representatives exhibiting s
151 nundrum, it is necessary to directly compare paralogous (horizontal) evolution of repeats within prot
157 ubiquitination pathway, here we show that 2 paralogous Legionella effectors, Lpg2154 (DupA; deubiqui
158 cis-abienol synthase (AbCAS), along with the paralogous levopimaradiene/abietadiene synthase and isop
160 errors in locus reconstruction, distinguish paralogous loci, rarify raw reads originating from the s
161 elic homologous recombination (NAHR) between paralogous long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) or h
162 We delineated and analyzed directly oriented paralogous low-copy repeats (DP-LCRs) in the most recent
168 showed that Mrr1 regulates expression of two paralogous MG reductases, MGD1 and MGD2, and that both p
170 The miR-183 cluster, which is comprised of paralogous miRs-183, -96 and -182, is overexpressed in m
173 sh, prps1a and prps1b and characterized each paralogous mutant individually as well as the double mut
174 a new candidate Aft1 target-gene (LSO1) and paralogous non-target (LSO2), plus nine putative Cth2 ta
176 pected properties and sequence identities of paralogous nuclear encoded mitochondrial sequences, but
177 logenomic analysis, we have revealed two new paralogous OCP families, each distributed among taxonomi
179 ity-coverage metrics, tailored solutions for paralogous or low-complexity areas of the genome, and th
181 me of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes two paralogous P1 B 4 -ATPases, CtpD (Rv1469) and CtpJ (Rv37
182 X-linked mouse gene Atp11c, which encodes a paralogous P4-type ATPase, precludes B-cell development
183 differential drought response among retained paralogous pairs suggests further functional diversifica
184 the underlying evolutionary forces of these paralogous pairs through conducting neutrality tests wit
188 ive, enabling PhoR to avoid crosstalk with a paralogous pathway that arose specifically in alpha-prot
191 s depends on the density and distribution of paralogous pathways in the sequence space that is define
193 tly, we detected weak encounters between two paralogous phosphotransferase pathways of Escherichia co
198 ay help explain the apparent ease with which paralogous protein families expanded in all organisms.
200 tion in Escherichia coli is regulated by two paralogous proteins (GlnB and GlnK), which orchestrate i
201 NA encoding YapV or each of three individual paralogous proteins (YapK, YapJ, and YapX) was present a
202 iation between the gene profile for the four paralogous proteins and the geographic location of the c
206 e most conserved residues of orthologous and paralogous proteins likely define those most important.
207 he combination of mutations suggest that the paralogous proteins perform redundant functions in motil
210 relies on interactions with Met31 and Met32, paralogous proteins that bind the same cis-regulatory el
211 interfaces) are investigated and compared to paralogous proteins that bind the same protein ligand (f
213 Clustered protocadherins, a large family of paralogous proteins that play important roles in neurona
216 he ring of Fungi, which is composed of three paralogous proteins, evolved from a more ancient two-par
217 be (BHD) syndrome, which associates with two paralogous proteins, folliculin-interacting protein (FNI
222 ferentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) are paralogous receptors for viral double-stranded RNA (dsRN
224 ostic panel of odorants and identified three paralogous receptors-Olfr740, Olfr741, and Olfr743-which
226 cificities toward effectors and DNA sites in paralogous regulators is a fundamental question in biolo
228 sed in human placenta was found based on the paralogous relationship with a metabolic hormone asprosi
229 tions, and the concept of orthologous versus paralogous relationships at different levels, including
230 regulatory proteins revealed orthologous and paralogous relationships from species divergences and an
231 erminal regions to determine orthologous and paralogous relationships, as well as the influence of se
232 = 26), short inserted sequences (n = 8), or paralogous repeats (n = 3) at the junctions, indicating
233 of molecular function, including hotspots at paralogous residues of Ras-related small GTPases RAC1 an
235 cts of its own antibiotics by expressing two paralogous rRNA methylase genes pikR1 and pikR2 with see
237 e high degree of sequence similarity between paralogous segments has prevented precise definition of
239 ng existing long-read aligners and leverages paralogous sequence variants (PSVs)-sequence differences
240 sequencing across MAP2K3 identified several paralogous sequence variants indicating that the region
242 s to establish a detailed map of allelic and paralogous sequence variation across the FCGR2/FCGR3 loc
243 GR2B locus that are devoid of nonpolymorphic paralogous sequence variations and that define the limit
245 ithin high-identity, copy-number polymorphic paralogous sequences that cannot be specifically assayed
246 y nonreciprocal recombination events between paralogous sequences, a phenomenon known as interlocus g
247 ct genotyping include copy-number-variation, paralogous sequences, library preparation, sequencing er
248 variants (PSVs)-sequence differences between paralogous sequences-to distinguish between multiple ali
251 In addition, the results of analysis of the paralogous small transmembrane protein AppX show that th
252 nts indicated that Arabidopsis possesses two paralogous solanesyl-diphosphate synthases, AtSPS1 (At1g
255 mapped within 55 bp in approximately 7.8-kb paralogous subunits of 95.3% sequence identity located i
256 ion breakpoints within the directly oriented paralogous subunits of the flanking LCR clusters, demons
257 contain a conserved set of 17 genes encoding paralogous subunits of the three major photosynthetic co
261 Comparison of the structure of GALNS to paralogous sulfatases shows a wide variety of active-sit
262 dominant human fungal pathogen, contains two paralogous TAF12 genes, CaTAF12L and CaTAF12, encoding H
264 ion models, we show that even in the case of paralogous TF with highly similar position weight matric
266 for studying the genomic binding profiles of paralogous TFs and identifying their putative co-factors
268 rate that the genome-wide binding targets of paralogous TFs can be discriminated using sequence infor
269 r determinants of protein-DNA recognition by paralogous TFs is of central importance for understandin
270 s input two sets of genomic regions bound by paralogous TFs, and it identifies a small set of putativ
272 ns as a bona fide cleavage factor, while the paralogous TFS4 evolved into a potent RNA polymerase inh
273 stresscopin and stresscopin-related peptide, paralogous to CRH, were also identified based on the con
274 rkably, the E17K mutation in AKT3 is exactly paralogous to E17K mutations in AKT1 and AKT2 recently d
276 -stranded telomere DNA-binding protein Teb1, paralogous to heterotrimeric replication protein A (RPA)
277 of two partially redundant proteins that are paralogous to IDN2 and that form a stable complex with I
278 F169, an uncharacterized E3 ubiquitin ligase paralogous to RNF168, accumulated in DSB repair foci thr
279 that the zebra finch GRC contains >115 genes paralogous to single-copy genes on 18 autosomes and the
280 poorly polymorphic HLA-DQA2/HLA-DQB2 genes, paralogous to the HLA-DQA1/HLA-DQB1 genes, has never bee
284 Phylogenetic analyses indicate that they are paralogous to, but quite distinct from, classical dynami
288 -independent 3a and 3b (Sin3a and Sin3b) are paralogous transcriptional coregulators that direct cell
291 afish, as a model for teleost fish, have two paralogous troponin C (TnC) genes that are expressed in
292 we survey the role of neuronally expressed, paralogous tumor necrosis factor receptor super family (
294 IFs (QYE motif), we tested the effect of the paralogous Tyr in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
295 le PDZ protein harmonin is not involved, its paralogous USH2 proteins, PDZD7 and whirlin, function sy
296 S cells markedly decreases expression of the paralogous UTY gene encoded by Y chromosome, but has no
297 d or removed and core histones exchanged for paralogous variants, in concert with changing demands on
299 g of ZF DNA binding and provide evidence for paralogous ZFs utilizing alternate modes of DNA binding
300 athogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbors three paralogous zinc proteases annotated as AmpD, AmpDh2, and