ライフサイエンスコーパス: paternity

1 ccess and quantified frequency of extra-pair paternity.

2 d in selected patients with future plans for paternity.

3 as biologically correct beliefs in singular paternity.

4 forensic analyses such as identification and paternity.

5 d male genotypes exhibit significant skew in paternity.

6 memory, strongly covaried with space use and paternity.

7 ed at 5-21 weeks about prior pregnancies and paternity.

8 urd conclusions regarding the probability of paternity.

9 opulations with a higher level of extra-pair paternity.

10 ates per male, dispersal rates, and multiple paternity.

11 P cases carrying de novo variants to confirm paternity.

12 egg batch, we found no influence of this on paternity.

13 clarify the clinical significance of delayed paternity.

14 man identification in terms of forensics and paternity.

15 rence rates and incorrect results due to non-paternity.

16 ing performed by a single male does increase paternity.

17 parental care for males should be increased paternity.

18 e age (experience) was unrelated to multiple paternity.

19 n adjunctive measure to allow for biological paternity.

20 female, NPYLR1 [8], in rapid enforcement of paternity.

21 s females nor males that consistently shared paternity.

22 uccess, so that only a subset of males gains paternity.

23 toward swollen females was not predictive of paternity.

24 was positively associated with likelihood of paternity.

25 g for fertilization, and consequently biased paternity.

26 is female-mediated variation and competitive paternity.

27 n to parental care in relation to extra-pair paternity.

28 order alliances, we found that the number of paternities a male achieved was positively correlated wi

29 We find that births with paternity acknowledged have worse outcomes along various

30 rths, were born to unmarried mothers and had paternity acknowledged.

31 ative to births to unmarried parents without paternity acknowledgement.

32 assical predictions, second males may gain a paternity advantage despite investing less in an ejacula

33 To determine whether changing paternity affects the risk of preeclampsia or eclampsia

34 Counter-adaptation by males, to maximise paternity after cannibalism, has led to the evolution of

35 onstrating evidence for flexible and dynamic paternity allocation and the importance for males of mai

36 To evaluate the dynamics of paternity allocation, we analyzed paternity before and a

37 en driven primarily by changes to the age of paternity, although we report a substantial increase in

38 rences between castes are caused by changing paternity among all females.

39 However, recent genetic paternity analyses have shown that fish nests often cont

40 Remarkably, genetic paternity analyses reveal cuckoldry in all broods, with

41 Fitness comparisons based on paternity analyses showed that both the adults and dull

42 n dispersal on a smaller scale, we conducted paternity analyses within a focal population, and quanti

43 ments followed by molecular-based fractional paternity analyses.

44 lfing rates among pasture trees shown by the paternity analysis (0-80% selfing).

45 We used microsatellite paternity analysis and hand pollinations to investigate

46 Paternity analysis based on eight microsatellite loci wa

47 Paternity analysis based on microsatellite marker genoty

48 Paternity analysis detected 9.2 % of pollen immigration

49 tode Trichostrongylus tenuis by performing a paternity analysis in a population from a single red gro

50 We present a new method for paternity analysis in natural populations that is based

51 The paternity analysis indicated a best estimate of 6.5% pol

52 We used allozyme loci for a paternity analysis of 518 seeds produced in an isolated

53 Paternity analysis of progeny from mixed-species pollina

54 hose in pasture through microsatellite-based paternity analysis of progeny.

55 We used paternity analysis of seeds and a combination of circuit

56 Paternity analysis showed variation in outcrossing rates

57 PATRI is a new application for paternity analysis using genetic data that accounts for

58 Paternity analysis within clutches co-sired by two males

59 Paternity analysis within the forest fragment indicated

60 nsistent with gene flow estimated in a prior paternity analysis.

61 , including multiple founders for names, non-paternities and genetic drift.

62 of La Gomera may include polyandry, multiple paternity and female long-term sperm retention.

63 Microsatellite marker analysis confirmed paternity and genotyping of 28 microsatellites spanning

64 for forensic, biochemical research, genetic paternity and immigration, and molecular diagnostic purp

65 Fractional paternity and likelihood methods were used to estimate p

66 Here we review genetic appraisals of paternity and maternity in wild fish populations.

67 ics have divergent consequences for multiple paternity and near-neighbour mating.

68 We then used 20 years of complete genetic paternity and pedigree data from wild song sparrows (Mel

69 ummarize the literature on rates of multiple paternity and sire numbers per clutch in viviparous fish

70 ce of high levels of female promiscuity, low paternity, and costly male care, and emphasises the stil

71 abase synthesizing mating system, extra-pair paternity, and song information and perform comparative

72 lutches examined showed evidence of multiple paternity, and the genetic paternity patterns across yea

73 The concordance among space use, paternity, and V1aR in spatial circuits suggests a commo

74 g behaviors including polygyny or extra-pair paternity are theorized to amplify sexual selection, sin

75 birds, described by the rates of extra-pair paternity, are connected to all other life-history trait

76 in the actor role as juveniles achieved more paternities as adults.

77 The method allows paternity assignment to be performed in a decision theor

78 eseta region of Spain, for which categorical paternity assignment was available for over 95% of offsp

79 ange of assignment methods, individual-based paternity assignments were used to derive population-lev

80 Paternity assurance is often invoked to explain this var

81 pilloides), we use artificial selection on a paternity assurance trait, and crosses within and betwee

82 es, not males, can drive the co-evolution of paternity assurance traits and parental care.

83 striking exception to expectations based on paternity assurance: despite high levels of female promi

84 Assessments of the incidence of multiple paternity at sites where adult males are expected to bec

85 patterns of territorial intrusion, offspring paternity, avpr1a expression, and the evolutionary fitne

86 elating prior and posterior probabilities of paternity, based solely on genetic marker testing result

87 ynamics of paternity allocation, we analyzed paternity before and after manipulating plumage colorati

88 Partible paternity beliefs are nearly ubiquitous in four large la

89 he fitness benefits for women where partible paternity beliefs facilitate paternal investment from mu

90 erican societies, the prevalence of partible paternity beliefs may be as much as two times as common

91 based on a normalized measure of correlated paternity between female pairs whose expectation does no

92 corpions reduces inbreeding cost not through paternity-biasing mechanisms favouring outbred offspring

93 uing effect on inbred half-siblings in mixed-paternity broods.

94 at polyandrous females might be able to bias paternity but only when matings occur in quick successio

95 n which cobreeder males have equal chance of paternity, but paternity of offspring within broods is n

96 after copulation because dominants defended paternity by mating repeatedly with the same female.

97 in SPR- groups, where males gain additional paternity by mating repeatedly with the same females.

98 ations differing significantly in extra-pair paternity, by using random priming, which provides an es

99 ays in which monogynists might enhance their paternity: by outcompeting rival ejaculates in sperm com

100 are typically surveyed, so a strong skew in paternity can make multiply-mated females appear as sing

101 , and discussion of sensitive information on paternity, carrier status, and ancestry can be usefully

102 lutionized court proceedings in criminal and paternity cases.

103 mother-child specimen mislabeling in routine paternity cases.

104 Our findings provide evidence for high paternity certainty in a traditional African population,

105 onogamy, as it secures a partner and ensures paternity certainty in the face of more promiscuous comp

106 than one adult male because, owing to lower paternity certainty, a male should be less likely to ben

107 Despite a decrease in paternity certainty, at least some men probably benefit

108 ality should be more successful at promoting paternity certainty.

109 rgans, allowing them to make post-copulatory paternity choices.

110 We have studied concurrent multiple paternity (CMP) in two Drosophila melanogaster populatio

111 ary to expectation, high rates of extra-pair paternity coincide with smaller repertoires.

112 hese females may be less successful at using paternity confusion as an infanticide avoidance tactic,

113 riod, emphasizing the possible importance of paternity confusion.

114 For 4% of the seeds examined, paternity could be ascribed to a single tree in the stud

115 ll as of captive-born individuals (for which paternity data are available) from a recovery center.

116 he genus Pan have been limited by the scanty paternity data available for wild bonobos [5].

117 Here, we show using the largest sample of paternity data available that, contrary to expectation,

118 Additionally, we used paternity data from the long-term database to determine

119 use all subcomponents can be quantified from paternity data without need to quantify extra-pair matin

120 decades ago, their pediatricians abetted the paternity deception.

121 findings suggest that the effect of changing paternity depends on the history of preeclampsia/eclamps

122 th space use measured by radio telemetry and paternity determined with microsatellite markers.

123 ly prevented by female sexual promiscuity, a paternity dilution strategy.

124 This signaling system promotes rapid paternity enforcement within Ae. aegypti but may promote

125 suggest that, regardless of the mechanism of paternity enhancement involved, a male-biased sex ratio

126 match, which could be attributed to a false-paternity event occurring in any of the intervening gene

127 enetic reconstruction suggests that partible paternity evolved deep in Amazonian prehistory at the ro

128 False paternity exclusions can be avoided by adhering to a sta

129 We determined paternity for 75 juveniles in a population of wild savan

130 emale remating, allowing males to monopolize paternity for longer.

131 ve information on mating behavior as well as paternity for the whole male population.

132 s pattern is the result of variation in both paternity frequency and the paternity skew of colonies w

133 he offspring's conception in bonobos (N = 39 paternities from 4 groups) but not in chimpanzees (N = 2

134 om 4 groups) but not in chimpanzees (N = 263 paternities from 7 groups).

135 was experimentally enhanced received greater paternity from their social mates, demonstrating evidenc

136 rmining the success of clutches than whether paternity had been single or multiple.

137 This exciting avenue for paternity has heretofore not been available to such pati

138 The allocation of paternity implicates individual male life histories and

139 Finally, multiple paternities in one family were demonstrated, with potent

140 test possible fitness correlates of multiple paternity in a marine turtle, an organism that has long

141 currently unknown if frequency of extra-pair paternity in a population influences use of information

142 Still, the factors affecting paternity in egalitarian societies remain unexplored.

143 of perfume increases male mating success and paternity in Euglossa dilemma, a species of orchid bees

144 ed reproductive tracts that selectively bias paternity in favor of males with longer sperm.

145 tive tract structures are capable of biasing paternity in favor of preferred sperm morphologies and t

146 wever, males can protect their likelihood of paternity in M matings through the transfer of receptivi

147 Paternity in male animals can be influenced by their phe

148 We report long-term paternity in men with stage I testis tumors who were man

149 read, especially when, in addition to single paternity in multiseeded fruits, a large number of speci

150 c data also revealed evidence for extra-pair paternity in one family.

151 n, the contribution of S. admonitor trees to paternity in seed from open-pollinated flowers of S. sub

152 The amount of extra-pair paternity in socially monogamous bird species varies fro

153 sation and hatching success, growth rate and paternity in sperm competition trials between sibling an

154 loy microsatellite markers to assess genetic paternity in successive clutches of individually marked,

155 genetic data to evaluate the distribution of paternity in the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanth

156 The occurrence of multiple paternity in this lek mating system was best explained b

157 Having proved paternity in this pedigree by microsatellite analysis, w

158 al determinants of the decision to establish paternity, in part because of data limitations.

159 me basic fallacies in the computation of the paternity index have been pointed out.

160 general finding that the true fathers' mean paternity index is greater than that of nonfathers is a

161 It has also been shown that the paternity index is not a likelihood ratio as claimed.

162 The fact that a paternity index may frequently take values less than uni

163 s reiterated as a substitute for the current paternity index.

164 h probability of 7.37 x 10(-30) and the high paternity indices generated by these loci demonstrate th

165 ess how many loci are necessary for reliable paternity inference.

166 less incentive to assist the mother even if paternity is certain.

167 Mating trials confirmed that paternity is determined by fair-raffle sperm competition

168 vantage in storage by showing that offspring paternity is determined strictly by the representation o

169 First male paternity is enhanced, which suggests a constraint on ej

170 may not use this information when extra-pair paternity is infrequent or the association is non-existe

171 ses of male-only care even when certainty of paternity is low: why?

172 Paternity is often determined by competition between the

173 Multiple paternity is prevalent among sporophytes of a female gam

174 0-0.78]) as did fathers who intended to take paternity leave (0.76 [0.70-0.82]) compared with fathers

175 took (1.13 [1.05-1.20]) or intended to take paternity leave (1.02 [0.96-1.08]).

176 eporting whether the father had the right to paternity leave and if yes, if he had taken or intended

177 m directors report male residents take brief paternity leave despite a desire for more time off, whic

178 have a child (P < 0.0001), taking maternity/paternity leave during residency (P < 0.0001), and being

179 Fathers who took paternity leave had reduced odds of post-partum depressi

180 hat facing women taking maternity leave; (4) paternity leave has little to no impact on colleagues' w

181 olved in childrearing, little is known about paternity leave in surgical residency.

182 However, offering 2-weeks' paternity leave might place mothers at a greater risk of

183 Five major themes were identified: (1) paternity leave policies are poorly defined by many prog

184 Several countries are expanding their paternity leave policies, which can have positive effect

185 alence of depression in fathers according to paternity leave status was 4.5% among those who used pat

186 Taking and intending to take 2-weeks' paid paternity leave was associated with a reduced likelihood

187 ide the United States, and in all countries, paternity leave was uncommon (only 11 participants [2.6%

188 Program directors' perspectives on paternity leave were categorized into common themes.

189 ion was 16.1% among those whose partner used paternity leave, 15.1% among those whose partner intende

190 y leave status was 4.5% among those who used paternity leave, 4.8% among those who intended to use pa

191 1% among those whose partner intended to use paternity leave, and 15.3% among those whose partner did

192 leave, 4.8% among those who intended to use paternity leave, and 5.7% among those who did not use pa

193 .82]) compared with fathers who did not take paternity leave.

194 15.3% among those whose partner did not use paternity leave.

195 leave, and 5.7% among those who did not use paternity leave.

196 e formation of temporally overlapping, mixed-paternity litters.

197 ntifying preferred mating partners could see paternity lost to rivals.

198 res for the evolution of complex patterns of paternity manipulation involving cryptic female choice.

199 emotherapy have led to greater longevity and paternity may be an important consideration for postchem

200 Partible paternity may have benefits for both sexes, especially i

201 lts suggest that a low incidence of multiple paternity may serve as a harbinger of future problems wi

202 ar), where females have limited control over paternity, mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance can be exp

203 his method is an extension of the fractional paternity method to the case where only a proportion of

204 hors recently discovered their misattributed paternity (MP), two ascertaining that, decades ago, thei

205 enrolled, including healthy men with proven paternity (n=63), the male partners in a couple encounte

206 eggs removed from females' mouths to assign paternity of each egg.

207 Each candidate father's probability of paternity of each offspring was estimated from 10-locus

208 l between these two species to determine the paternity of individual pollen tubes growing within fema

209 Interestingly though, we found that paternity of offspring by guard males is extraordinarily

210 4-48 h cold-stored raw or extended semen and paternity of offspring determined with microsatellite ma

211 Paternity of offspring of multiply inseminated females i

212 ng via secretive copulations and often share paternity of offspring within a female's clutch.

213 er males have equal chance of paternity, but paternity of offspring within broods is nonindependent a

214 al problem: namely male uncertainty over the paternity of offspring.

215 question the prevailing notion that multiple paternity of seeds within fruits is widespread, especial

216 Paternity of the 150 larval offspring of 25 mothers (sam

217 rofoundly influences the number, timing, and paternity of the female's progeny.

218 t insemination by other males, enforcing the paternity of the first male [3-5].

219 s, female ovarian fluid likely increases the paternity of the preferred parental male phenotype, as t

220 o extrinsic loading due to mating order, ESS paternity of the second (i.e. last) male to mate (P(2))

221 nally more females should seek to modify the paternity of their clutch when there is more variation a

222 NPYLR1 mutant females produced mixed paternity offspring at high frequency, indicating accept

223 Partible paternity often occurs with uxorilocal postmarital resid

224 find no effect of inbreeding nor extra-pair paternity on embryo mortality.

225 We studied the influence of extra-pair paternity on heritability estimates of morphological tra

226 n maternal investment, we found no effect of paternity on offspring condition.

227 The difference of the effect of changing paternity on the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia between

228 the population-level frequency of extra-pair paternity or its spatial patterns.

229 ellaris occurs spontaneously, independent of paternity or kinship.

230 mixed relatedness (e.g. because of multiple paternity or maternity), or among heterospecifics or unr

231 lgebraic identity, having nothing to do with paternity or nonpaternity.

232 evolve when males gain greater certainty of paternity or when future mating opportunities are scarce

233 dence of multiple paternity, and the genetic paternity patterns across years suggest a 'last in, firs

234 Multiple paternity (polyandry) frequently occurs in flowering pla

235 he epididymis or testis have made biological paternity possible in men previously considered sterile.

236 f paternal investment with the likelihood of paternity presents a potential challenge to our understa

237 of both investing in additional matings and paternity protection.

238 Here we compare variation in extra-pair paternity rates among five species in the widespread swa

239 g synchrony our results show that extra-pair paternity rates in this genus do not closely track a lat

240 use nuclear microsatellites to estimate the paternity rates of three male lizard strategies previous

241 Despite theory that predicts extra-pair paternity rates to be explained by latitudinal variation

242 Extra-pair paternity rates vary markedly across avian taxa, but pat

243 SCZ, epidemiologic associations with delayed paternity reflect factors that may not increase with age

244 1993 to 2006, which have been merged to the paternity registry.

245 nal fluid on sperm velocity directly impacts paternity share and therefore reproductive success.

246 h has the sole benefit of enhancing a male's paternity share in the context of competition with other

247 les mate with more than one male, the males' paternity share is affected by biases in sperm use.

248 Post-copulatory selection on male paternity share is relatively more important in SPR- gro

249 tween male mating success and postcopulatory paternity share.

250 ly more diverse worker-offspring but reduces paternity shares of the drones she already mated with.

251 rdingly, the behavior underlying patterns of paternity should be flexible as signals of quality chang

252 ome multiple-patriline colonies exhibit high paternity skew associated with matricide.

253 ariation in both paternity frequency and the paternity skew of colonies with multiple patrilines, imp

254 tigate the occurrence and extent of multiple paternity, spatial genetic structure, and sporophytic in

255 In a paternity study, these same SNPs showed clear parental r

256 dominance rank [12], and high rank enhances paternity success [12, 16].

257 Paternity success across 77 two-male sperm competitions

258 sperm competition, and to assess how closely paternity success corresponds to the appearance and loca

259 Here we show that males have higher paternity success when their mother is living in the gro

260 dart transfers an allohormone that increases paternity success.

261 Empirical evidence of correlated paternity supports this explanation.

262 Using long-term data on genetic paternity, survival, social status and individual age fr

263 Paternity testing and twin zygosity testing are typical

264 Formal forensic paternity testing was performed on the child.

265 rsus-disease, 10) for tissue typing, 11) for paternity testing, and 12) for forensic testing.

266 ons were validated by higher-resolution CGH, paternity testing, cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hy

267 arker-assisted selection approaches, such as paternity testing, should enhance the utility of such an

268 read application in the area of forensic and paternity testing.

269 ation, as well as to strengthen the power of paternity testing.

270 lso valuable for forensic identification and paternity tests in China.

271 are significantly more likely to acknowledge paternity than fathers of daughters.

272 Partible paternity, the conception belief that more than one man

273 ariation: the greater a male's confidence of paternity, the more he should be willing to provide care

274 gent provisioning would have been subject to paternity theft.

275 t 17 microsatellite marker loci and assigned paternity to all infants.

276 ing the incidence of polygamy and extra-pair paternity-to estimate the intensity of sexual selection

277 gains from provisioning overcome costs from paternity uncertainty and the dad strategy becomes viabl

278 sexual selection on males or species facing paternity uncertainty display a tendency towards female-

279 This sex difference has been attributed to paternity uncertainty, but could also occur because male

280 that the standard evolutionary explanation, paternity uncertainty, is incomplete, and present an exp

281 es, dads can emerge even in the face of high paternity uncertainty.

282 which females mate promiscuously, leading to paternity uncertainty.

283 Rates of extra-pair paternity vary widely in this group, ranging from 13 to

284 on of this estimate, on the grounds that non-paternity was a more probable explanation than multiple

285 by space use nor sexual fidelity measured by paternity was associated with V1aR expression in the ven

286 In one proband with the RP1 mutation, paternity was established by analyzing 24 short tandem r

287 parents and the only other sibling, and non-paternity was excluded by additional analyses.

288 Correlation with paternity was high, indicating that outcrossed sibs with

289 Correlated paternity was low (0.168), indicating that mother trees

290 ex ratio was >90%, the incidence of multiple paternity was low compared to other nesting sites, being

291 Although paternity was mostly assigned to males that held a bower

292 Patterns of paternity were consistent with first-male sperm preceden

293 I mutant males were ineffective in enforcing paternity when a second male was given access to the fem

294 res, were disproportionately likely to share paternity when they sired any chicks.

295 This supports the hypothesis of non-paternity where more than one microsatellite difference

296 to formalize male alliances, and/or sharing paternity with close kin.

297 act of further mating incurs costs, multiple paternity within broods or clutches is a common observat

298 , we investigated the occurrence of multiple paternity within clutches in a highly polygynous lek mat

299 Multiple paternity within litters points to female polygamy withi

300 The inter-specific variation in extra-pair paternity within this small group of closely related swa