ライフサイエンスコーパス: peeling

1 e reducing terminus of the glycans (known as peeling).

2 e reported previously without consistent ILM peeling.

3 alcium and possibly other cations in causing peeling.

4 s carried out after posterior capsule plaque peeling.

5 calization at the interface and prevent self-peeling.

6 nt and safe "handle" for initiating membrane peeling.

7 e latter being a characteristic signature of peeling.

8 iffer from those obtained after complete ILM peeling.

9 M edge was used successfully to initiate ILM peeling.

10 proliferation and internal limiting membrane peeling.

11 or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.

12 of a diffractive trifocal IOL in PPV for ERM peeling.

13 en patients with and without spontaneous ILM peeling.

14 cs of large ILM tears in eyes undergoing ERM peeling.

15 ning is of importance in facilitating shrimp peeling.

16 sodes of palmoplantar erythema and epidermal peeling.

17 she had pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling.

18 visual and structural changes related to ILM peeling.

19 re rates similar to those of traditional ILM peeling.

20 brasion as an alternative to traditional ILM peeling.

21 n of blanching varied with the type of fruit peelings.

22 cid and gallic acid were identified in fruit peelings.

23 e blanching time except in the case of apple peelings.

24 Macular hole surgery with broad ILM peeling, 20% SF6 gas, and no face-down positioning is hi

25 and December 2012, performed using broad ILM peeling, 20% SF6, and no face-down positioning, were rev

26 y of these compounds were removed during the peeling (70%) and blanching process (29%).

27 The new method was tested on peeling a layer of paint from a PTFE backing and was fou

28 nted 70% of ERM procedures, but PPV with ILM peeling accounted for 52% and 70% of ERM procedures in 2

29 spontaneous internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling after idiopathic unilateral epiretinal membrane

30 n micropatterned glass exhibited spontaneous peeling after one end of the myotube was mechanically de

31 divide-and-conquer strategy that uses a fast peeling algorithm to learn the DNA repair models.

32 ve closure and visual recovery compared with peeling alone in iFTMH, with greater effects likely in h

33 rare occurrence in FTMH, suggesting that ILM peeling alone may not be sufficient to cause MME.

34 s), a MIN lens, or epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling (alone or in any combination).

35 g the attachment of the PK scar; (5) stromal peeling along the identified plane; and (6) suturing of

36 Here, we present PEELing, an integrated package and user-friendly web ser

37 1) the control group undergoing standard ILM peeling and (2) the experimental group (flap group) unde

38 inite reoperations were 1.3% (1.2% after ILM peeling and 1.8% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.04) at 2 mo

39 13 patients, 101 experienced spontaneous ILM peeling and 100 were randomized (APG, n = 51 and NPG, n

40 months of surgery, and 9.5% (9.0% after ILM peeling and 11.0% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.01) within

41 P = 0.04) at 2 months, 1.7% (1.6% after ILM peeling and 2.5% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.004) at 3 m

42 tes of reoperation were 4.3% (4.1% after ILM peeling and 5.0% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.01) within

43 in 2 months of surgery, 5.5% (5.3% after ILM peeling and 6.2% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.03) within

44 0.004) at 3 months, and 4.1% (3.3% after ILM peeling and 7.5% after no ILM peeling; P < 0.001) at 12

45 xible patch that can be used repeatedly with peeling and adhesive properties better than the natural

46 A vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and an air tamponade was performed in the right

47 antly from the baseline while performing ILM peeling and at the end.

48 at explains the difference and predicts that peeling and bubble formation do not occur in overstretch

49 The decision between peeling and crushing depends on the cortical tension det

50 Group 1 ERM had a more fragile ILM when peeling and did not result in DONFL.

51 Internal limiting membrane peeling and endolaser are useful for failed macular hole

52 25 gauge plus transconjunctival system, ILM peeling and gas tamponade.

53 These methods are based on repeated sampling-peeling and gene dropping of genotype vectors and random

54 ectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and inverted flap (16 eyes, 80%), ILM insertion

55 glycan reduction insures protection against peeling and is synchronous with subsequent studies by hi

56 PEELing and its tutorial are publicly available at (Zeno

57 le than those from dermabrasion and chemical peeling and produce fewer sequelae.

58 elease demonstrates significant reduction in peeling and reduces the number of sample handling steps

59 up 2 and group 3 ERM had a stickier ILM when peeling and showed DONFL in 100% of the cases.

60 ne patient, and combined epiretinal membrane peeling and silicone oil removal in one patient.

61 a vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and sulfur hexafluoride gas tamponade followed b

62 The impact of peeling and three cooking treatments (boiling, baking an

63 n end-opened DNA (with one open end to allow peeling) and an end-closed (i.e., both ends of the linea

64 various degrees of thickening, desquamation (peeling) and erythema (redness).

65 linear DNA are covalently closed to prohibit peeling) and torsion-unconstrained DNA.

66 plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and 17% hexafluoroethane gas filling.

67 d in 28% of patients who did not undergo ILM peeling, and 29.42% of those who underwent ILM peeling d

68 ne (ERM) and internal retinal membrane (ILM) peeling, and air endotamponade was performed on the only

69 y protease overactivity, including erythema, peeling, and exacerbation on water exposure.

70 losed ring configuration, thereby preventing peeling, and furthermore, the carboxylate of the anomeri

71 plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and gas or silicone oil tamponade.

72 tomy (PPV), internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and gas tamponade to promote macular hole closu

73 rwent combined phacoemulsification, PPV, ILM peeling, and intraocular lens implantation; 20 preoperat

74 potensive lipids, internal limiting membrane peeling, and intravitreal triamcinolone injection.

75 nt adhesion measurement techniques: pulling, peeling, and sliding.

76 is affected by the fruit ripening stage and peeling, and the drying process used.

77 irst to show that fibers exhibited breakage, peeling, and thinning under flow conditions in soil, rel

78 Here, we report a fundamental peeling-and-loading mechanism to allow untethered soft-b

79 d for the nature of DNA overstretching: (i) "peeling" apart of dsDNA to produce a peeled ssDNA strand

80 The peeling approaches described here lend insight into the

81 PPV and membrane peeling are effective in improving macular anatomic feat

82 Fruit peelings are increasingly being used as ingredients for

83 Its limited peeling area may minimize surgical trauma while potentia

84 rt a clinical benefit of vitrectomy plus ILM peeling as an adjunct to a T&E regimen of anti-VEGF ther

85 with a stretched foveal edge respond to ERM peeling as positively as other eyes and should not be co

86 cene dissociation to proceed through ligand 'peeling', as opposed to the more conventional 'shearing'

87 PEELing assesses data quality using curated or user-defi

88 Vitrectomy and ILM peeling assisted with either triamcinolone acetonide or

89 ture and relax built-up mechanical stress by peeling away around the liposome or actively compress an

90 We establish a new, direct peeling-based technique for building long and thin, high

91 almon by-products with brown seaweed, shrimp peeling by-products and lingonberry press cake (called "

92 gland mucin (BSM), here we demonstrate that peeling can be greatly reduced when the sample is buffer

93 Stromal peeling can be successfully performed in post-PK eyes wi

94 The unit operations were: peeling, cutting and washing with chlorinated water and

95 eling, and 29.42% of those who underwent ILM peeling developed ERM (p = 0.6).

96 For all above ground produce (e.g., apples), peeling did not have a significant effect on the concent

97 Macular VCRs peeling did not influence the continuity of ELM and EZ a

98 ed to enable control of adhesion strength by peeling direction, in a way that can be exploited in sch

99 (OCT) characterization and ICG-assisted ILM peeling during surgery with intraocular gas tamponade.

100 ociated nerve fiber layer (DONFL) (55%), ILM peeling edge thinning (IPET) (64%), and temporal macular

101 conjunction with internal limiting membrane peeling, effectively removed the remaining blood in fron

102 tentacle-based grabbing modality, the direct peeling-enabled elastomeric microtube fabrication techni

103 Blistering/peeling, erythema, pigmentation, and edema were signific

104 the AMR anticorrelates with the location of peeling events, suggesting that peeling is caused by a n

105 Furthermore, the peelings exhibited different adsorption properties compa

106 end is sealed the AT-rich sequence undergoes peeling exhibiting hysteresis at low and high salt.

107 Using ex vivo peeling experiments on porcine liver, we characterized t

108 a vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling followed by a short-term nonsupine positioning a

109 who underwent vitrectomy with or without ILM peeling for an idiopathic large FTMH in a tertiary ophth

110 VA and anatomic results to conventional ILM peeling for ERM.

111 sual acuity faster after vitrectomy with ILM peeling for ERM.

112 tamponade selection with vitrectomy and ILM peeling for full-thickness macular hole has several majo

113 anges especially in the parafoveal ring, ILM peeling for idiopathic large FTMH did not seem to impact

114 y (PPV) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for idiopathic MH from January 2011 to December

115 ts in patients undergoing vitrectomy and ILM peeling for primary idiopathic macular holes.

116 nique is more effective than the classic ILM peeling for the closure of large stage 4 MHs > 400 mum,

117 mbined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for the treatment of idiopathic macular holes.

118 g parameters that can cause variation in the peeling force generated by tapes.

119 The peeling forces obtained from these experiments are bimod

120 ring postharvest processing such as cutting, peeling, freeze-drying, cooking, and frying to enhance i

121 methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) to prevent alditol peeling from O-glycans; (v) mass spectrometry (MS) analy

122 Peeling from strong adhesion is hard, and sometimes pain

123 nd the rolling cells and undergo a step-wise peeling from the P-selectin substrate enabled by the fai

124 The cluster of low forces corresponds to peeling from the SAM surface, while the cluster of high

125 le the cluster of high forces corresponds to peeling from the SWCNTs.

126 d in simulations for the mechanically labile peeling geometry.

127 no ILM peeling group (NPG) or the active ILM peeling group (APG).

128 omized intraoperatively to either the no ILM peeling group (NPG) or the active ILM peeling group (APG

129 gh significantly more patients in the single-peeling group had an epiretinal membrane remaining in th

130 e in central macular thickness in the single-peeling group than in the double peeling group, a findin

131 the single-peeling group than in the double peeling group, a finding that deserves further study.

132 the ILM flap group and 1277 eyes in the ILM peeling group.

133 Vertebrate stem peeling has the strongest negative impact on plant flowe

134 Pars plana vitrectomy and ILM peeling have beneficial effects on the visual rehabilita

135 Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, ILM flap use, better preoperative BCVA, face-do

136 tients), PPV plus internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP; 50 patients), PPV plus both ILMP and JPL

137 -surgery nonclosure (P = 0.009) and that ILM peeling improved single-surgery closure rates (P = 0.026

138 4 of 28 patients (14%; 95% CI, 4%-33%); ERM peeling in 8 of 18 patients (44%; 95% CI, 22%-69%); and

139 The benefit of ILM flaps over standard ILM peeling in idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (iFTM

140 re rates of bilateral macular holes with ILM peeling in this series are better than those reported pr

141 GFP-paxillin also exhibited a discontinuous peeling in which focal adhesions fractured above sites o

142 alysis to investigate the effects of "single peeling," in which only the epiretinal membrane was peel

143 epiretinal membrane was peeled, and "double peeling," in which the internal limiting membrane was al

144 Peeling (including fraying from the ends), searching for

145 es (p = 0.16) compared to PPV alone, and ILM peeling increased the risk of postoperative CME by OR =

146 wed that the initial unit operations (mainly peeling) influence the polyacetylene retention.

147 ILM peeling is an effective surgical procedure to repair the

148 PPV with ERM and ILM peeling is an effective treatment of DME.

149 location of peeling events, suggesting that peeling is caused by a nonuniform tension distribution a

150 ssue plug for treatment of ODP-M without ILM peeling, laser or use of long term gas/tamponade or head

151 ko's peculiar behaviour of toe uncurling and peeling led us to discover two aspects of setal function

152 f two glassy surfaces was characterized by a peeling-like mechanism along a plane, the fingers associ

153 risk of iatrogenic damage in ERM eyes during peeling maneuvers.

154 Internal limiting membrane peeling may not be necessary for acute idiopathic macula

155 altocenium plays a vital role by promoting a peeling mechanism of dissociation in conjunction with th

156 register variation in force due to differing peeling mechanisms within a single test.

157 Thirdly, the peeling melting is studied in a composite oligonucleotid

158 atform for NLRP3 activation through a unique peeling membrane mechanism.

159 fractions of mango, apple, orange and banana peelings microwave-blanched at 720 W for 1, 3 and 5 min

160 Unit operations and especially abrasive peeling might need further optimisation to make them gen

161 attached to immobilized peptides whereas the peeling model produced a better fit of data for cells at

162 The peeling model produced good linear fits between bond for

163 riphery of the contact region were stressed (peeling model).

164 esion for these two architectures using tape-peeling models and design synthetic attachments that rev

165 rs-plana vitrectomy with either complete ILM peeling (n = 23, Group 1) or inverted ILM flap technique

166 ot differ between ILM peeling (n = 8) and no peeling (n = 5) (all P > 0.05).

167 isual improvement did not differ between ILM peeling (n = 8) and no peeling (n = 5) (all P > 0.05).

168 Stromal peeling occurred along a plane lined with a continuous l

169 than enough to hold a mussel in place if no peeling occurs.

170 g height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones.

171 Self-peeling of gecko toes is mimicked by integration of film

172 was peeled under iOCT control to prevent the peeling of inner layers of the retinal schisis.

173 an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an indu

174 by pars plana vitrectomy with intraoperative peeling of membranes.

175 aoperative absence of mVCRs (P = 0.0016) and peeling of mVCRs (P = 0.003) were associated with logMAR

176 ce the rate of retinal displacement, whereas peeling of mVCRs was associated with a reduced risk of d

177 es showed the presence of myeloid bodies and peeling of myelin lamellae during the demyelination proc

178 scaly skin over most of the body with coarse peeling of nonerythematous skin on the palms and soles,

179 Peeling of pVCRs did not seem to influence the rate of r

180 The 'step-wise peeling of slings' is distinct from the 'pulling of teth

181 ocesses ranging from fracture of crystals to peeling of tape have been known for many decades to emit

182 re performed: (1) creation of BB followed by peeling of the Descemet's membrane (DM); (2) peeling off

183 Because of the liquid interface, the peeling of the DMEK graft becomes easy for transplantati

184 ERM who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the ERM from 2019 to 2020 were included.

185 observed decreases in coating performance or peeling of the extraction phase from the plastic surface

186 Although peeling of the ILM appears important to completely remov

187 Peeling of the ILM was performed with the help of ILM-BL

188 uge pars plana vitrectomy was performed with peeling of the inner limiting membrane and gas tamponade

189 Patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM).

190 -involved DME that underwent vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM).

191 f an epiretinal membrane (P = 0.03), and the peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM; P = 0.02

192 The present work addresses whether peeling of the internal limiting membrane is necessary d

193 tions include the use of cytokine adjuvants, peeling of the internal limiting membrane, vital stainin

194 went conventional pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane.

195 ntraoperative variables are also considered, peeling of the membrane from the AoV or mitral valve at

196 d favorable results following vitrectomy and peeling of the posterior hyaloid in such cases.

197 Washing and peeling of the samples, reduced the presence of OPPs to

198 orphous Li(x)Si alloy through layer-by-layer peeling of the {111} atomic facets, resulting in the ori

199 s, both autonomic (sweating) and behavioral (peeling off a layer of clothing or seeking an iced bever

200 re of flat sheets along domain edges and the peeling off between stacked lipid layers.

201 diate drastic gasification of L-N2 , further peeling off h-BN.

202 peeling of the Descemet's membrane (DM); (2) peeling off of the DM followed by creation of the BB, an

203 By peeling off significant recombination events from a tree

204 A type-1 BB could be created after first peeling off the DM (n = 5), confirming that DM was not e

205 circumvents these fabrication challenges by peeling off the fully fabricated TFSCs from the original

206 ess tightly at pH 3 than at pH 2, eventually peeling off.

207 he overstretching process: (i) a hysteretic "peeling" off one strand from its complementary strand, a

208 the surface of the target polymer film via a peeling-off method.

209 ients with previous PPV and membrane and ILM peeling often develop macular edema after successful cat

210 However, an unwanted degradation known as "peeling" often compromises hydrazinolysis for O-glycan a

211 effects of removing sugars at each stage of peeling on any conformational change on the resulting br

212 tive pseudophakic eyes underwent PPV and ILM peeling only.

213 as functional assessment in both groups (ILM peeling or not) including the retinal sensitivity (RS),

214 magnitude more stable than when loaded in a peeling, or unzipping, orientation.

215 indirect correlation between ORFs and mVCRs peeling (P = 0.004).

216 3.3% after ILM peeling and 7.5% after no ILM peeling; P < 0.001) at 12 months.

217 1.6% after ILM peeling and 2.5% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.004) at 3 months, and 4.1% (3.3% after IL

218 .0% after ILM peeling and 11.0% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.01) within 12 months of surgery.

219 4.1% after ILM peeling and 5.0% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.01) within 2 months of surgery, 5.5% (5.3

220 5.3% after ILM peeling and 6.2% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.03) within 3 months of surgery, and 9.5%

221 1.2% after ILM peeling and 1.8% after no ILM peeling; P = 0.04) at 2 months, 1.7% (1.6% after ILM pee

222 Home hazards (peeling paint, broken furniture, flooring damage, and tr

223 paper presents a study into application and peeling parameters that can cause variation in the peeli

224 raining periods with AFF improved subsequent peeling performance when AFF was turned off, with reduct

225 surgeon" participants, AFF improved membrane peeling performance, reducing average force generated (P

226 Furthermore, we report a self-peeling phenomenon of a frozen splat that is driven by t

227 we observed that contracting AMRs display a "peeling" phenotype, where bundles of actin and myosin pe

228 cataract with previous 23-gauge PPV and ILM peeling (PPV group) and 15 consecutive eyes with senile

229 lvement of valve leaflets requiring surgical peeling, predict recurrent DSS requiring reoperation.

230 face OCT were only observed in eyes with ILM peeling, predominantly in temporal parafoveal (20%) and

231 ombined experimental and numerical parameter peeling procedure was implemented to optimize a detailed

232 atoplasty cases (48%) and 63 of 146 membrane peeling procedures (43%).

233 OCT findings in eyes that underwent membrane peeling procedures with the novel ILM Forceps.

234 In membrane peeling procedures, iOCT information was discordant with

235 (Castanea sativa) shells, generated from the peeling process of the fruit, contains appreciable amoun

236 ple equilibrium model of the single molecule peeling process, we calculated the free energy of bindin

237 The peeling progresses centrally in association with iris mo

238 For each cell, peeling proved highly heterogeneous, with V(peel) fluctu

239 OCT-guided ERM removal without mandated ILM peeling provided similar VA and anatomic results to conv

240 We propose a 3-O-desulfation initiated peeling reaction mechanism based on the intermediate and

241 Here we describe a novel peeling reaction that specifically degrades HS chains wi

242 sideration the negative impact of this novel peeling reaction.

243 Alkaline degradation (also known as the "peeling" reaction) is a chemical degradation technique t

244 nly on beta-elimination, which can result in peeling reactions and loss of base-sensitive functionali

245 h improved precision during phantom membrane peeling, regardless of surgical experience.

246 hydrogel membrane, a transition between two peeling regimes is found: a lubricated regime where a li

247 Industrial use of ginger after peeling results in large amounts of agro-waste.

248 Generalized peeling skin syndrome (PSS) is an autosomal recessive ge

249 ations in corneodesmosin (CDSN) cause type B peeling skin syndrome (PSS), an autosomal recessive skin

250 ntrolling skin inflammation in patients with peeling skin syndrome type B and other diseases related

251 Netherton syndrome, peeling skin syndrome type B, and skin dermatitis--multi

252 and AD-like congenital disorders, including peeling skin syndrome type B.

253 rnification in lamellar ichthyosis and acral peeling skin syndrome, respectively; loss of TG3 crossli

254 ssive condition characterized by generalized peeling skin, leukonychia, acral punctate keratoses, che

255 Surgeons should be more delicate when peeling sticky ILM, especially in eyes with ERM with pro

256 The PEELING study was a national randomized clinical trial.

257 refraction (SE), internal limiting membrane peeling, tamponade choice, and concurrent scleral buckli

258 e in central foveal thickness (CFT) for each peeling technique.

259 area is separated instantaneously, while the peeling test is observed to exhibit the largest distance

260 phenolic acid content decreased by 80% after peeling the blue-fleshed potatoes and by 60% after peeli

261 In a similar way as peeling the external (evident) layer of an onion reveals

262 Peeling the ILM was associated with improved rates of ho

263 After culture and disassembly of the holder, peeling the layers apart "sectioned" the individual 3D c

264 g the blue-fleshed potatoes and by 60% after peeling the yellow variety.

265 patients with higher visual gain after iERM peeling, the fovea tends to shift more along the Y-axis,

266 Compared with peeling, the ILM flap group showed better postoperative

267 Mechanical peeling then delaminates the PI film from glass along th

268 For patients who underwent ILM peeling, these values were 1.725 and 0.05 logMAR, respec

269 The increasing use of PPV with ILM peeling to address ERM removal is associated with signif

270 For the end-opened DNA, the peeling transition and the B-to-S transition were observ

271 The peeling transition and the inside-strand separation are

272 For the hysteretic peeling transition, we determined DeltaS approximately 2

273 are spatially separated after the hysteretic peeling transition.

274 avascular zone area was smaller in eyes with peeling versus without (0.24 +/- 0.05 mm(2) vs. 0.42 +/-

275 al ring was significantly lower in eyes with peeling versus without (39.65 +/- 3.76% versus 47.22 +/-

276 OR) for primary closure with ILM flap versus peeling was 4.80 (95% confidence interval, 2.77-8.30; P

277 Internal limiting membrane peeling was associated negatively with postoperative RD

278 Internal limiting membrane peeling was associated with improved closure rates and s

279 Internal limiting membrane peeling was associated with lower rates of reoperation a

280 In this multicenter study, stromal peeling was attempted in 96 consecutive eyes with unsati

281 Spontaneous ILM peeling was common and associated with better clinical o

282 ients (4 eyes; 20% of patients with TS), ILM peeling was considered necessary because of sub-ILM blee

283 The ILM texture during peeling was graded by the surgeon as follows: Grade 1, f

284 Standardized DMEK peeling was performed with 9.5-mm-diameter trephination

285 rs plana vitrectomy with ERM removal and ILM peeling was performed.

286 The inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling was randomly performed in the macula-off and the

287 ERM peeling was surprisingly successful and should be consid

288 Vitrectomy with membrane peeling was the most common procedure for posterior segm

289 Pulp drying process and avocado (un)peeling were the major contributors to the induction per

290 base study cohort: 369 did not undergo iERM peeling, whereas 44 (10.7%) underwent deferred surgery a

291 hloride to fetuin resulted in an increase in peeling, whereas subsequent washing with EDTA abolished

292 nated wear mechanism of final pass sample is peeling with a slight of adhesion.

293 Except for maximum force, peeling with AFF reduced all force parameters (P < 0.05)

294 nique was performed on the right eye and ILM peeling with anterior lens capsular flap technique was p

295 controlled trials comparing conventional ILM peeling with ILM flaps in adults undergoing primary iFTM

296 ILM peeling with inverted ILM flap technique was performed o

297 Internal limiting membrane peeling, with perihole ILM sparing, represents a crucial

298 : Group 1 (20 eyes) received vitrectomy, ILM peeling within the arcade area, and air-fluid exchange,

299 ed all force parameters (P < 0.05) more than peeling without AFF after completing a training session.

300 went bilateral macular hole surgery with ILM peeling without other vision-limiting pathologic feature