ライフサイエンスコーパス: phasic

1 ividual cell mismatch responses are strongly phasic.

2 ress-resilience is associated with increased phasic 2-AG-mediated synaptic suppression at ventral hip

3 We first confirmed that detected cues evoke phasic acetylcholine release.

4 recording from hundreds of neurons emitting phasic action potentials have produced the challenge of

5 By tapping into the phasic activation of arterial baroreceptors, known to be

6 Functional changes associated with tonic and phasic activation of the LHb are often attributed to a c

7 are time locked to the delivery of rewards, phasic activation of these projections does not necessar

8 These data establish causation between phasic activation of VTA dopamine neurons and global fMR

9 Phasic activation of VTA dopamine neurons increased BOLD

10 ons of the pupil are tightly associated with phasic activity in noradrenergic axons, whereas longer-l

11 Rapid phasic activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is thought

12 Importantly, however, while phasic activity of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) cont

13 uscle where Ca(2+) entry via CavL results in phasic activity that sums to produce tone.

14 ring rate (tonic activity) and burst firing (phasic activity) of identified midbrain DA neurons are i

15 f the auditory system by showing an auditory-phasic alerting effect in visual attention.

16 r neutral-bilateral spatial cues (reflecting phasic alpha changes).

17 meability, and cell death/apoptosis in a tri-phasic and concentration-dependent manner in microvascul

18 In contrast, firing rates in the OFC were phasic and maximal shortly after offer presentation.

19 unified computational understanding of rapid phasic and slowly ramping dopamine signals: dopamine neu

20 It is widely thought that phasic and sustained responses to threat reflect dissoci

21 urons perform multiplexing: they exploit the phasic and tonic activity modes to encode, respectively,

22 Thus, the LEC formed phasic and tonic codes for event-environment association

23 HS38 also significantly attenuated both phasic and tonic contractile responses elicited by pheny

24 ists that effectively treat TS decrease both phasic and tonic DA, thereby also reducing the propensit

25 e suggest that TS involves increases in both phasic and tonic DA, which produce increased propensitie

26 els have characterized the specific roles of phasic and tonic dopamine (DA) in action learning and se

27 onstrain the D1 and D2 signaling pathways to phasic and tonic dopamine signals, respectively.

28 how that D1 and D2 receptors both respond to phasic and tonic dopamine signals.

29 Toggling between phasic and tonic firing in thalamocortical neurons launc

30 Finally, we show that both phasic and tonic forms of glycinergic inhibition are med

31 rmore, in hippocampal neurons 12 facilitated phasic and tonic GABAergic inhibition, and in vivo studi

32 The shared stoichiometry for phasic and tonic glycine receptors suggests pharmacology

33 Together these data suggest both phasic and tonic glycinergic inhibition regulate the out

34 t synaptic and non-synaptic sites to mediate phasic and tonic inhibition, respectively.

35 different receptor stoichiometries underlie phasic and tonic inhibition.

36 The functional distinction between phasic and tonic LC activity argues that these parameter

37 hese results suggest that Syt1 mediates both phasic and tonic release at photoreceptor synapses, reve

38 active oxygen and nitrogen species, modulate phasic and tonic responses mediated by neuronal GABAA re

39 ed a cell type-specific upregulation of both phasic and tonic signaling with CIE, the latter of which

40 e loaded microspheres is their respective bi-phasic and tri-phasic release profiles with varying burs

41 cholinergic function as spatially specific, phasic, and modulating specific cognitive operations is

42 to a general principle of interplay between phasic arousal and decision-making.

43 We draw attention to studies indicating that phasic arousal increases interference effects in tasks n

44 We conclude that phasic arousal suppresses decision bias on a trial-by-tr

45 We tracked pupil responses (a proxy of phasic arousal) during sensory-motor decisions in humans

46 their modulation as a function of tonic and phasic arousal, indexed by baseline and task-evoked pupi

47 ty associated with fluctuations in tonic and phasic arousal, indicative of neuromodulators acting on

48 orter on trials with lower tonic, and higher phasic arousal.

49 induced choice biases was reduced under high phasic arousal.

50 regulators that are present in both neurons: phasic ASH release is strongly dependent on UNC-13, wher

51 symmetry during the baseline period and with phasic asymmetries during orienting of attention with ne

52 e drug release profile from PLGA NMP was tri-phasic, being sustained over 5days.

53 ment cancellation was signified by increased phasic beta-bursting over fronto-central sites.

54 characteristic differences (bi-phasic vs tri-phasic) between microspheres can affect the development

55 activator and inhibitor underlies the multi-phasic bi-directional turning response of the growth con

56 Such phasic burst firing also occurs during natural attentive

57 salient events in distinct manners: one with phasic burst responses to cues predicting salient events

58 The approach, termed Phasic Burst Stimulation (PhaBS), applies a burst of sti

59 tion, nor interspike interval variability of phasic bursting activity was affected.

60 Such phasic bursting by GABA neurons also occurred in WT mice

61 nitiation, sustention, or termination of the phasic bursting generated in an intrinsic manner without

62 A neurons in the zebrafish hypothalamus fire phasic bursts of activity to acutely promote swimming an

63 atterns, characterized by tonic activity and phasic bursts that were temporally associated with disti

64 S408/9A homozygotes exhibited increased phasic, but decreased tonic, inhibition, events that cor

65 We found that bilateral phasic, but not tonic, activation of LC reset hippocampa

66 ollowed by conduction to adjacent SMCs where phasic calcium entry through CavL sums to produce tone.

67 electrophysiological index of outcome-evoked phasic catecholamine release in the cortex-predicted lea

68 ells preceded the activity surge in CA3-CA1 (phasic cells).

69 Correlative studies have strongly linked phasic changes in dopamine activity with reward predicti

70 the attentional boost effect may also elicit phasic changes in neural gain and locus coeruleus activi

71 Phasic changes in the activity of GPe neurons during mov

72 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Phasic changes in the activity of midbrain dopamine cell

73 may be reinterpreted in terms of integrated phasic cholinergic activity that mediates specific behav

74 mice, GE was accelerated and gastric ICC and phasic cholinergic responses were increased.

75 This network includes phasic components, centered on primary somatosensory cor

76 presently examined running regimes, without phasic constraints from limb movements.

77 rats exhibited impairments in its intrinsic phasic contractile activity; however, the molecular mech

78 the lymphatic pumping activity by regulating phasic contractile amplitude and frequency, but not the

79 hapsigargin, significantly reduced lymphatic phasic contractile frequency and amplitude in control ve

80 ity in MetSyn lymphatic vessel by increasing phasic contractile frequency.

81 ity in the muscles prior to the onset of the phasic contraction.

82 DGFRalpha(+) cells and inhibited spontaneous phasic contractions (SPCs) of colonic muscle through act

83 ctivity, with disrupted slow waves, abnormal phasic contractions and delayed gastric emptying; modest

84 Phasic contractions and tone in the IAS were nearly abol

85 d CavL have a central role in SW generation, phasic contractions and tone, independent of stretch.

86 The internal anal sphincter (IAS) generates phasic contractions and tone.

87 y interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) underlie phasic contractions in other gastrointestinal regions.

88 alterations of fear memory by restoring the phasic control of eCB signaling over GABAergic activity

89 ) and Botzinger (BotC) complexes involved in phasic control of respiratory pump and airway muscles.

90 monstrate neuroadaptive changes in tonic and phasic CRF with repeated stress, that CRF release during

91 release, the molecular mechanism regulating phasic CRH release remains poorly understood.

92 ver, AP-activated synaptic receptor-mediated phasic currents were not affected by Zn(2+) Finally, int

93 These data demonstrate that phasic DA is released during cued approach and avoidance

94 sure to psychostimulants and strengthened by phasic DA neuron firing.

95 ombined approach-avoidance task, we measured phasic DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats

96 space to support the bioenergetic demands of phasic DA release.

97 tor habits reinforced by aberrant, increased phasic DA responses.

98 supports the idea that TS involves increased phasic DA responses; we also review the evidence that ti

99 Although phasic DA signals in the shell were essentially abolishe

100 in vivo detection capabilities for subsecond phasic DA, but the accurate detection of absolute restin

101 y, they exhibited a behaviorally specific bi-phasic deficit in reversal learning, being consistently

102 show that 5-HT hyperpolarizes and abolishes phasic discharge in rat neuroendocrine tuberoinfundibula

103 tion potential frequency distribution during phasic discharge.

104 ification that is particularly beneficial in phasic diseases such as COVID-19.

105 attern of results suggests that one role for phasic DLS activity at behavior initiation is to promote

106 within the NAc, less is known about whether phasic dopamine (DA) signaling in the NAc is altered in

107 ion, we hypothesized that the suppression of phasic dopamine by LiCl is GLP-1R dependent.

108 Here we show that phasic dopamine is sufficient to reinforce the distinctn

109 did not, however, affect the suppression of phasic dopamine release by the kappa-opioid receptor ago

110 Increased spontaneous phasic dopamine release helps to explain positive sympto

111 We demonstrate that speech-induced phasic dopamine release into the dorsal striatum and spe

112 iscounting performance was not predictive of phasic dopamine release or dopamine supply.

113 " subjects were found to demonstrate greater phasic dopamine release than "risk-averse" subjects.

114 results in a potentiation of stimulus-evoked phasic dopamine release that may drive risky choice beha

115 odor-like bursts and optogenetically evoked phasic dopamine release were paired within a time window

116 orcement learning models, are represented by phasic dopamine release, and are known to affect momenta

117 n altered neural activity patterns, enhanced phasic dopamine release, behavioral hyperactivity, assoc

118 r relevant stimuli and increased spontaneous phasic dopamine release.

119 cue-motivated behavior through modulation of phasic dopamine release.

120 Thirst, but not hunger, potentiated the phasic dopamine response to the water cue.

121 ophrenia involves a combination of decreased phasic dopamine responses for relevant stimuli and incre

122 y in the ventral tegmental area and measured phasic dopamine responses to a water-predictive cue.

123 In contrast, phasic dopamine reward signals were strongly altered by

124 he synaptic potentiation persisted after the phasic dopamine signal had ceased, but gradually reverse

125 Indeed, we find that increased phasic dopamine signaling after adolescent alcohol use i

126 e phenotype and suggests that differences in phasic dopamine signaling architecture may contribute to

127 tic stress is associated with alterations in phasic dopamine signaling architecture that increase the

128 These changes in phasic dopamine signaling correspond with increases in t

129 e is known about how differences in baseline phasic dopamine signaling drive individual differences i

130 O(CaMKIIa) revealed bidirectional control of phasic dopamine signaling during cued water reward.

131 a hypertonic sodium solution while measuring phasic dopamine signaling in rat nucleus accumbens.

132 Phasic dopamine signaling participates in associative le

133 Thereby, phasic dopamine signals are believed to mostly affect st

134 ations responded very similarly to tonic and phasic dopamine signals.

135 has not been established between endogenous phasic dopamine transmission and measures of motivation,

136 ing behavior that positively correlates with phasic dopamine transmission in response to risky option

137 Existing theories propose that fast (phasic) dopamine fluctuations support learning, whereas

138 In sign-trackers, model-free phasic dopaminergic reward-prediction errors underlie le

139 ased maze-running tasks, we demonstrate that phasic dorsolateral striatum (DLS) activity occurring at

140 activates calcineurin and induces the second phasic Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and mi

141 ts with fixed/tonic dystonia compared with a phasic/dynamic dystonia phenotype (p<0.001).

142 This shift to more phasic dynamics is therefore an experience-dependent ada

143 These phasic effects have led to the hypothesis that conscious

144 the global effects of NA also eliminated the phasic effects of prediction error and volatility on pup

145 coherence in parietal areas and affected the phasic EMG correlation between both arms.

146 der contractions were 252% larger and evoked phasic EUS activation 2.6 times as often as responses be

147 roportion of caudal mesopallium neurons with phasic excitability, and in the proportion of neurons ex

148 regulation of levels of tonic inhibition and phasic excitation.

149 -latency, sustained inhibition with delayed, phasic excitation; active membrane properties appeared t

150 easable pool (RRP); that is, they encode the phasic exocytotic component.

151 nd SIF motoneurons in fixations and slow and phasic eye movements, although their discharge propertie

152 nregulation of sustained anxiety rather than phasic fear.

153 naffected, while glutamate cotransmission at phasic firing frequencies was reduced, enabling a select

154 ive thalamocortical neurons into or out of a phasic firing mode in two freely behaving genetic rodent

155 iny projection neurons (iSPNs) and to excess phasic firing of tonically active interneurons (TANs).

156 ye position and velocity, displaying a tonic-phasic firing pattern for different types of eye movemen

157 Thus, a synchronous thalamocortical phasic firing state is required for absence seizures, an

158 Neurons in the vmPFC and dmPFC exhibited phasic firing to EtOH lever presses and aborts, but only

159 both in terms of their firing rate and their phasic firing with the oscillation cycle.

160 model suggests that blocking thalamocortical phasic firing would treat absence seizures.

161 odel in which rhythmic synchronized spiking (phasic firing) in a population of relay neurons leads to

162 Burst discharges (phasic firing) of dopamine-containing neurons are necess

163 ly at the onset of current injections (i.e., phasic firing), a dynamical property that can enhance th

164 .1, a low-threshold channel that facilitates phasic firing.

165 The spike resonance of these phasic-firing (type III excitable) MSO neurons and of th

166 We assessed coronary wave intensity and phasic flow velocity patterns to unravel changes in card

167 ence values for left atrial (LA) volumes and phasic function indices by 3-dimensional echocardiograph

168 These data identify potentiation of phasic GABA signalling as a novel therapeutic strategy,

169 We observed an increase in postsynaptic phasic GABA signalling in mice within the peri-infarct c

170 cessity to distinguish the role of tonic and phasic GABA signalling in stroke recovery.

171 Furthermore, we demonstrate that enhancing phasic GABA signalling using zolpidem, a Food and Drug A

172 . 75% [50-92] wakefulness; P = 0.01) but not phasic genioglossus activity was higher with desipramine

173 nces toward rewards, amygdala neurons showed phasic, gradually increasing responses over successive c

174 ristem formation phase as proposed in the bi-phasic growth model.

175 ts exhibited abnormal negative task-related (phasic) habenula responses during primary aversive condi

176 st cancer xenograft model was guided by a bi-phasic host cytokine response that peaked at early timep

177 eward prediction error signals are early and phasic in the PH tail, global value maximum signals are

178 hat dopaminergic VTA-PFC projections exhibit phasic increases in activity that are time locked to the

179 nded to the subsequent learning phase, where phasic increases in beta power and burst rate following

180 Unconditioned rewarding stimuli evoke phasic increases in dopamine concentration in the nucleu

181 ivo deviated from single-spike pacemaking by phasic increases in firing rate via two qualitatively di

182 used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure phasic increases in NAc dopamine resulting from electric

183 The cortical cholinergic input system, via phasic increases in prefrontal acetylcholine release, pl

184 ted rewards or reward-predicting cues elicit phasic increases in the activity of dopaminergic VTA-PFC

185 owing CIE, CRF1+ neurons displayed decreased phasic inhibition and a complete loss of tonic inhibitio

186 ing GABA(A)Rs which underlie fast, synaptic, phasic inhibition have been implicated in sex difference

187 Reduction of fast phasic inhibition in the dentate gyrus through granule c

188 the difference in potency between tonic and phasic inhibition increased with the length of the resid

189 or in vivo and to a substantial decrease in phasic inhibition onto cells that express GFE3.

190 inergic transmission is the dominant form of phasic inhibition to PV+ INs.

191 a indicate that the alpha5-GABA(A)R-mediated phasic inhibition via VIP input to interneurons plays a

192 that, despite high GoC bouton density, fast phasic inhibition was very sparse relative to slow spill

193 ale Gabrg2 transcript levels and measures of phasic inhibition were equivalent.

194 The percentage of respiratory cycles with phasic inspiratory activity of glottal constrictor muscl

195 pressure rise times tested did not alter the phasic inspiratory activity of glottal constrictor muscl

196 subunit-containing GABA(A) receptors mediate phasic IPSCs while extrasynaptic delta subunits mediate

197 tions following manipulations of tonic Ib or phasic Is glutamatergic motoneurons that coinnervate pos

198 we examined whether Drosophila tonic Ib and phasic Is motoneurons display competitive or cooperative

199 These findings indicate that tonic Ib and phasic Is motoneurons respond independently to changes i

200 arousal and behavioural flexibility, whilst phasic LC responses are evoked by salient stimuli.

201 These results support a role for phasic LC responses in generating novel hippocampal sequ

202 t, circulation, spleen, and lymph nodes in a phasic manner after myocardial infarction, beyond the ea

203 ns actively inhibit neuronal processing in a phasic manner, is highly influential and has substantial

204 Phasic measurement of LA function using feature-tracking

205 Our observations are consistent with a bi-phasic mechanism by which UV-A can trigger vasodilatory

206 of these models to understanding the role of phasic midbrain dopaminergic responses in reward predict

207 aling in cortex driving cognition is largely phasic (milliseconds to perhaps seconds), and unlikely t

208 reases Mfn2 activity that triggers the first phasic mitochondrial hyperfusion and also acts as an ER-

209 tion' prediction errors, then both tonic and phasic modes of firing are emergent features of belief u

210 timal baseline tonic levels of alpha and the phasic modulation of alpha activity during shifts of att

211 Here, we posit and test the long-term phasic molding hypothesis that resting-state network dev

212 current study posits and tests the long-term phasic molding hypothesis that resting-state networks ar

213 Consistent with the long-term phasic molding hypothesis, prospective analyses for both

214 the mPFC during learning revealed changes in phasic mPFC neuronal activity during risky-seek actions

215 s a dual role for these neurons in eliciting phasic muscle activation and in maintaining basal muscle

216 These data identify phasic NACs dopamine release as a possible therapeutic t

217 y the dopamine transporter (DAT) ensures the phasic nature of the DA signal, which underlies the abil

218 that detect stimulus priority interact with phasic NE release to preferentially route such informati

219 ar Ca(2+) in a manner that is independent of phasic, neuronal-evoked vasodilation.

220 These phasic neurons were found to respond to either large/del

221 entrains contraction rate and timing through phasic neurotransmitter release.

222 , we observed that inhibitory suppression of phasic noise generated by out-of-field excitation enhanc

223 Neither phasic nor tonic stimulation of dopaminergic VTA-PFC pro

224 ive explanation: that priority itself evokes phasic noradrenaline release.

225 llar cortex are modulated by atypically high phasic noradrenergic influences originating in the locus

226 ked processes, possibly related to tonic and phasic norepinephrine activity.

227 : Forebrain Cholinergic Signaling: Wired and Phasic, Not Tonic, and Causing Behavior, by Martin Sarte

228 perometry in male Long-Evans rats to test if phasic nucleus accumbens shell (NACs) dopamine dynamics

229 Here, we studied the impact of phasic optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in mice ov

230 l populations that discharged according to a phasic or a tonic mode in response to locomotion, suppor

231 Bi-phasic or diauxic growth is often observed when microbes

232 ing of IHCs ensures accurate encoding of the phasic or sustained components of the cell's in vivo rec

233 ABA(A)R activity and had no acute effects on phasic or tonic inhibition.

234 ps were found to respond to locomotion, with phasic or tonic patterns of response.

235 is activity upsurge correlates with animals' phasic pain behavior.

236 state functional architecture may arise from phasic patterns of functional connectivity elicited by e

237 same experiments, we did find that tonic or phasic patterns of stimulation caused mice to maintain o

238 modulates hippocampal network events through phasic pontine waves known as pontogeniculooccipital wav

239 l advantages such as temporal, regional, and phasic potentiation of natural signaling, and that of re

240 Phasic pupil dilations (PDR) were monitored to assess No

241 ntaneous activations systematically preceded phasic pupil dilations with a strikingly similar tempora

242 and prefrontal cortex and (ii) predicted by phasic, pupil-linked responses of a number of neuromodul

243 but not Trp, stimulated GLP-1 (P < 0.05) and phasic pyloric pressures (P < 0.05), compared with the c

244 centrations, but did not stimulate tonic, or phasic, pyloric pressures, compared with the control (al

245 There is limited data on phasic RA function (reservoir, conduit, and pump) in ped

246 The results showed a bi-phasic reduction of PrP(Sc) with time in the GI, except

247 however, the mechanisms that generate other phasic relationships between intrasegmental motor pools

248 upivacaine (BPV) MVLs exhibited distinct tri-phasic release characteristics comprising of an initial

249 rs over multiple time scales, from subsecond phasic release due to dopamine neuron firing to tonic re

250 KEY POINTS: Phasic release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the neocortex f

251 Phasic release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the neocortex f

252 ity of SK-mediated inhibition in response to phasic release of ACh.

253 The phasic release of neuronal d-serine is important in main

254 pheres is their respective bi-phasic and tri-phasic release profiles with varying burst release and l

255 This pattern is present during phasic REM sleep but not during tonic REM sleep, the lat

256 pressed on BotC respiratory neurons and that phasic respiratory activity is a poor predictor of sst2a

257 ks) outgrowth, suggesting Runx2-dependent bi-phasic response and reprogramming of metastatic cells.

258 If so, then phasic response of dopamine neurons to cues in this sett

259 ts the temporal and spatial structure of the phasic response of midbrain neuron populations during co

260 , however, these neurons maintained a strong phasic response to cues formerly predictive of reward op

261 Reduced phasic responses for relevant stimuli help to explain ne

262 We hypothesized that phasic responses of brainstem arousal systems are a sign

263 responses to visual-only speech and larger, phasic responses to auditory-only speech.

264 revealed that subgroups of neurons exhibited phasic responses to cue presentations and lever presses.

265 tonic" current with no significant effect on phasic responses to GABA.

266 creased risk taking is explained by enhanced phasic responses to offers in a decision network.

267 n between reward magnitudes while shell lost phasic responses to reward receipt altogether.

268 ward association task in rats, we discovered phasic responses to sensory cues, appropriately timed to

269 and symptoms of fear and anxiety; both show phasic responses to short-lived threat; and both show he

270 ecurrent networks, guided solely by delayed, phasic rewards at the end of each trial.

271 Except in REM sleep, phasic RTN stimulation entrained and shortened the breat

272 ressor with highest expression in the purely phasic smooth muscle of anococcygeus (ASM) vs. the truly

273 s deeply during repetitive activity, driving phasic spike output.

274 ty of biological spiking responses including phasic spiking, delayed spiking, and tonic bursting.

275 creasing global response, plus an increasing phasic step response specific to MD regions.

276 lobal responses, plus MD-specific increasing phasic step responses.

277 Second, delivering phasic stimulation either continuously or after choices

278 endent increases in frequency, we found that phasic stimulation of inhibitory neurons can increase in

279 ted to risk-averse rats with precisely timed phasic stimulation of NAc D2R cells.

280 g the pathological oscillation than a single phasic stimulus pulse.

281 by means of pulsed inhibition; that is, the phasic suppression of cortical excitability and informat

282 especially during cortical ACT, (2) abnormal phasic suppression of PV GPe neuron activity was amelior

283 ted during troughs and rising flanks, but no phasic suppression was observed at any time, nor any mod

284 synaptic dynamics associated with tonic and phasic synaptic properties, respectively.

285 fter stroke, less is known about the role of phasic (synaptic) GABA during the repair phase.

286 The transient population displayed phasic synchronized responses that were correlated with

287 ystematic relationship between this critical phasic temporal signature and improved test performance.

288 for IRs and demonstrate the central role of phasic thermosensing in innocuous thermosensation.

289 but cooling-activated and warming-inhibited phasic thermosensors that operate similarly at warm and

290 tic control over habits by DLS activity in a phasic time window, plausible real-world applications co

291 increase in excitability, with a shift from phasic to tonic action potential firing patterns in KO n

292 ing indicating a specific function of rapid, phasic, transient cholinergic signaling in attentional c

293 Thus, tonic-phasic transitions in DA neuron firing in response to mo

294 utcome gradually acquired increasingly sharp phasic trial-end responses that paralleled the developme

295 The discovery of phasic, trial-based increases in extracellular choline (

296 idal dose-responses, our model predicted tri-phasic turning response depending on intracellular Ca(2+

297 erging evidence across species suggests that phasic variation in parental presence during the sensiti

298 ether release characteristic differences (bi-phasic vs tri-phasic) between microspheres can affect th

299 e, we studied these projections and observed phasic VTA-PFC fiber photometry signals after the delive

300 Furthermore, substituting phasic VTA-PFC stimulation for food rewards was not suff