ライフサイエンスコーパス: phosphorothioate

1 rophenyl phosphate and diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate.

2 otide: 1), [Rp]-phosphorothioate or 2), [Sp]-phosphorothioate.

3 superior to the effect of the corresponding phosphorothioate.

4 Cl2(*-) with the model compound diisopropyl phosphorothioate.

5 e morpholino oligomers (PMO) and 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate.

6 ar precursor containing a 5'-iodide and a 3'-phosphorothioate.

7 microm), Rp-cAMPS (Rp-adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphorothioate) (100 microm), or PKI (100 microm).

8 lial cell apoptosis, Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) chimeric phosphorothioated 2'-MOE-modified antisense oligonucleot

9 ne's mRNA in human leukemia cells with fully phosphorothioated 2'F-ANA-DNA chimeras (PS-2'FANA-DNA) a

10 eous disruption of both proteins using novel phosphorothioate-2'-O-methoxyethyl antisense oligodeoxyn

11 onality of 2'-O-methyl (2Me) and 2'-O-methyl-phosphorothioate (2MePS) MBs.

12 constructs, 2'-O-methyl-1-allylinosinic acid phosphorothioate 33-mer (16) and an oligomer incorporati

13 es with lateral spacers strands comprised of phosphorothioated adenine nucleotides (A15*).

14 Finally, phosphorothioated analogs S-C5 and S-C6 were synthesized

15 n, the thio effect of the S(P)-isomer of the phosphorothioate analogue (k(O)/k(Sp) = 4.4 x 10(5)) app

16 bridging position of the S(p) isomer of the phosphorothioate analogue causes a dramatic (2 x 10(5)-f

17 istent trend of a greater DeltaH(++) for the phosphorothioate analogue was found in all three classes

18 tion, hydrolysis of the diastereomers of the phosphorothioate analogues of 1,6-IcP, inositol cis-1,6-

19 Biostable phosphorothioate analogues of 2-5A were synthesized chem

20 hatidic acid (LBPA), bisether analogues, and phosphorothioate analogues of LBPA from solketal.

21 onate, 3-(monofluoromethyl)phosphonate and 3-phosphorothioate analogues of PtdIns(3)P.

22 The corresponding phosphorothioate analogues were obtained by oxidation wi

23 ng group in phosphates, as compared to their phosphorothioate analogues, ruling this out as a contrib

24 Phosphorothioates, analogues of phosphate esters in whic

25 early 4 A decrease in the separation between phosphorothioate and 2'F labels incorporated at A27 in t

26 s, affords two distinct products, inositol 1-phosphorothioate and inositol 6-phosphorothioate, respec

27 ite-specific 2'-deoxynucleotides, as well as phosphorothioate and methylphosphonate modifications wit

28 Lower overall toxicity compared with phosphorothioate and more efficient activation of RNase

29 An efficient process for purification of phosphorothioate and native DNA sequences is described h

30 In the comparative hydrolysis reactions of phosphorothioate and phosphate esters, the sulfur substi

31 amines the rates and products of cleavage of phosphorothioate and phosphorodithioate analogues of PI

32 ent equivalency of the transition states for phosphorothioate and sulfate hydrolysis reactions at the

33 framework has led to analogs such as the DNA phosphorothioates and 4'-thio RNA.

34 ed, at the scissile phosphate, with isomeric phosphorothioates and a 3'-phosphorothiolate.

35 itrophenyl phosphate and ethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, and the triesters, diethyl p-nitrophen

36 Recent progress in understanding phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide (PS-ASO) inte

37 rization of a 5' conjugate between a 2'-O-Me phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide and a bivalen

38 A topically applied phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide targeted to i

39 G3139, an 18-mer phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide targeted to t

40 virsen is a locked nucleic acid-modified DNA phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide that sequeste

41 acy and safety of drisapersen, a 2'-O-methyl-phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide, given for 48

42 Herein, 2'-O-(2-methoxy)ethyl-modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) speci

43 Fully phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) with

44 ras-1 (KSR1) gene by continuous infusion of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) preve

45 echanisms of toxicity of chemically modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (PS-ASOs) ar

46 Release of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (PS-ASOs) fr

47 To test this hypothesis, we developed phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides that efficie

48 muscular injection of a specific 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate antisense oligoribonucleotide (2OMeAO).

49 stering oblimersen sodium (G3139), an 18-mer phosphorothioate antisense to Bcl-2, during induction an

50 RALBP1 depletion by phosphorothioate antisense was confirmed and was associa

51 Phosphorothioated antisense (AS) or sense oligonucleotid

52 With the use of a phosphorothioated antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) t

53 pression of Abcc8, which encodes for SUR1 by phosphorothioated antisense oligodeoxynucleotide essenti

54 Nuclease-resistant phosphorothioated antisense oligonucleotides have been t

55 transfection protocol with a 2-O-methylated phosphorothioated antisense oligoribonucleotide (2OMeAO)

56 pe 2 diabetes using 2'-methoxyethyl-modified phosphorothioate-antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibit

57 Antisense oligonucleotides linked by phosphorothioates are an important class of therapeutics

58 The phosphorothioates are excellent mimics of DNA, exhibit i

59 This is accomplished by using sodium phosphorothioates as an additive.

60 hway that explains the effects of most toxic phosphorothioate ASOs (PS-ASOs).

61 Phosphorothioate ASOs fully modified with 2'-O-methoxyet

62 gnificant role in the uptake of unconjugated phosphorothioate ASOs into hepatocytes.

63 More flexible labels attached to phosphorothioates at the end of the lower stem tumbled i

64 , a diagnostic fragment originating from the phosphorothioate backbone (O2PS-: m/z 94.936) was formed

65 nucleic acids (LNA) AMOs synthesized with a phosphorothioate backbone also inhibited TLR7 sensing in

66 nucleotide [INH-ODN]) are characterized by a phosphorothioate backbone and a CC(T)XXX(3)(-)(5)GGG mot

67 studies, both 2'-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) with a phosphorothioate backbone and morpholino with a phosphor

68 ynthesized with 2' sugar modifications and a phosphorothioate backbone in a mouse model of melanoma l

69 ion that rely on oligomers with phosphate or phosphorothioate backbone linkages.

70 The phosphorothioate backbone modification (PS) is one of th

71 present a unique LC/MS/MS assay for a model phosphorothioate backbone oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) dru

72 an efficient and cost-effective manner, to a phosphorothioate backbone position at arbitrary DNA or R

73 mixed bacterial vaccine and were shown to be phosphorothioate backbone specific.

74 composed of 2'-O-methyl-modified bases on a phosphorothioate backbone to treat cultured primary myob

75 olecular properties of the lipid moiety, the phosphorothioate backbone, and the presence of triplet-G

76 Inhibition was dependent on A151's phosphorothioate backbone, whereas substitution of the g

77 the sequence, and the activity to require a phosphorothioate backbone.

78 -ASOs in distinct nuclear structures, termed phosphorothioate bodies or PS-bodies.

79 The phosphorothioate bonds modified on a wild-type (WT) spec

80 sitions are predicted to be within ~8 A of a phosphorothioate-bound Pt(II) metal center.

81 ted that synthetic CpG-ODN requires backbone phosphorothioate but not TLR9 activation to render and m

82 ic HNA 'gapmer' oligonucleotide comprising a phosphorothioate central sequence flanked by 5' and 3' H

83 tion-interference analysis demonstrates that phosphorothioate changes at A and C nucleotides can subs

84 of various MWs and ONs of phosphodiester and phosphorothioate chemistries.

85 The activity of rODNs is phosphorothioate chemistry and G stretch dependent but T

86 In phosphorothioate-containing dsDNA oligomers (S-oligomers

87 Using HJs containing non-cleavable phosphorothioate-containing linkages in one strand, we s

88 e composed of two fully chemically modified, phosphorothioate-containing siRNAs connected by a linker

89 The stereoselectivity of phosphorothioate-containing substrates indicated that th

90 fos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) (CP) in tomato by HPLC-DAD.

91 or of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine oligonucleotides, a

92 The two phosphorothioate diastereomers (R(p) or S(p)) were separ

93 rpart pNPP, while alkaline hydrolysis of the phosphorothioate diester and triester exhibits somewhat

94 tly alter DNA nucleobases or desulfurize the phosphorothioate diester model to an appreciable extent.

95 any DNA nucleobases and do not desulfurize a phosphorothioate diester model under conditions mimickin

96 cted 2'-deoxyribonucleosides or with a model phosphorothioate diester under conditions approximating

97 The resulting phosphorothioate diesters are then substantially desulfu

98 different phosphate diester orientations and phosphorothioate diesters highlight that the interpretat

99 The absolute configurations of phosphorothioate diesters, H-phosphonate diesters, and o

100 tion has been achieved via backbone-modified phosphorothioate DNA and biotin- and maleimide-containin

101 A 100-fold stereospecific phosphorothioate effect at the scissile phosphate is con

102 the scissile phosphate blocks cleavage; the phosphorothioate effect can be rescued by the thiophilic

103 t was possible to determine that the maximal phosphorothioate effect in this system is in the range o

104 Systemic administration of phosphorothioated EGFR antisense oligonucleotides for 30

105 breaks in purified DNA from Eschericia coli, phosphorothioate epigenetics in Salmonella enterica Cerr

106 hat obtained previously for a series of aryl phosphorothioate ester dianion substrates.

107 occurs spontaneously when their phosphate or phosphorothioate esters are formed during oligonucleotid

108 Phosphorothioate esters are phosphate esters in which on

109 Phosphorothioate esters are sometimes used as surrogates

110 lysis rates of the dianions of phosphate and phosphorothioate esters are substantially accelerated by

111 edge, the Cu-catalyzed allylic alkylation of phosphorothioate esters has never been described.

112 rium and kinetic isotope effects for several phosphorothioate esters of p-nitrophenol (pNPPT) and com

113 Cu(I) catalyzes the allylic substitution of phosphorothioate esters with excellent alpha-regioselect

114 ferent K(m) values for phosphate compared to phosphorothioate esters.

115 tion of a single phosphodiester group with a phosphorothioate, followed by selective functionalizatio

116 RNA and rRNA binding sites appear different, phosphorothioate footprinting of the L4-RNA complexes re

117 were obtained with locked nucleic acid (LNA) phosphorothioate gap-mers.

118 e HNA antisense oligonucleotide (lacking the phosphorothioate 'gap') was ineffective, indicating that

119 eotides and to a 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-O-ME) phosphorothioate 'gapmer'.

120 inase was used to enzymatically substitute a phosphorothioate group at the 5' terminus of a nucleic a

121 ed DNA featuring a hydrophobic belt of ethyl phosphorothioate groups insert into bilayer membranes an

122 de bonding between Cys residues and internal phosphorothioate groups of synthetic CpG.

123 Cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs

124 e receptor-9 (TLR-9) vaccines using cytosine phosphorothioate guanosine (CpG)-allergen conjugates, an

125 ligomer length-dependent, and the ability of phosphorothioate homopolymers of thymidine of variable l

126 ients for AP-catalyzed aryl sulfate and aryl phosphorothioate hydrolysis (-0.76 +/- 0.14 and -0.77 +/

127 With AT S-oligomers with a single phosphorothioate, i.e., d[ATTTAsAAT]2, reduced levels of

128 In AT S-oligomers with multiple phosphorothioates, i.e., d[ATATAsTsAsT]2, -P-S-Cl reacts

129 Moreover, a single phosphorothioate in place of the scissile phosphate bloc

130 gnificant advantages over the often-used DNA phosphorothioates in RNA-binding affinity, nuclease stab

131 Using phosphorothioate interference with RNA activity and stru

132 ional switching assay was used to select for phosphorothioate interference, and identifies potential

133 ant MB containing 2'-O-methyl RNA bases with phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages was designed t

134 Formation of inositol 6-phosphorothioate is explained by the binding of trans-1,

135 Stereochemical analysis, using the R(p) phosphorothioate isomer, indicates that Vsr carries out

136 (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers of both LBPA and phosphorothioate LBPA were synthesized from (S)- and (R)

137 cted metal coordination to both 2'-NH(2) and phosphorothioate ligands.

138 s containing tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a 5'-phosphorothioate linkage as the abasic site substrate.

139 generating a stable, benign, and hydrophilic phosphorothioate linkage.

140 ed to the DNA by a phosphodiester (but not a phosphorothioate) linkage.

141 either phosphodiester or varying numbers of phosphorothioate linkages are remarkably stable during p

142 agging strand of DNA replication, or whether phosphorothioate linkages are used at either end.

143 anded DNA as a substrate and digests through phosphorothioate linkages having one absolute stereochem

144 The use of DNA polymerases to incorporate phosphorothioate linkages into DNA, and the use of exonu

145 atment of cells with RNA duplexes containing phosphorothioate linkages leads to selective inhibition

146 Finally, by using phosphorothioate linkages to protect the lagging-targeti

147 or two 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyriboses and/or bis-phosphorothioate linkages, are more potent than 2',3'-cG

148 ouble-stranded DNA substrates terminating in phosphorothioate linkages, we suggest that the rate of t

149 t interfering RNA containing 2'-O-methyl and phosphorothioate linkages.

150 acid as a substrate and stops completely at phosphorothioate linkages.

151 atemerization, especially in the presence of phosphorothioate linkages.

152 same DNA oligomer sequences containing only phosphorothioate linkages.

153 tigate the impact of pretreating donors with phosphorothioate-linked cytosine and guanine rich oligod

154 ased immune adjuvants to plasmid by 'hybrid' phosphorothioate-LNA ODNs induces tumour necrosis factor

155 the muscle of mdx mouse through a 2'O-methyl phosphorothioate-mediated splicing modulation.

156 taining a single radioactive phosphate and a phosphorothioate modification at the cleavage site.

157 Using both 3' end phosphorothioate modification of primers and DNA polymer

158 e effective than siRNAs with the widely used phosphorothioate modification.

159 -OH (RNA) groups, alone or combined with the phosphorothioate modification.

160 By placing phosphorothioate modifications at multiple positions of

161 Even minor phosphorothioate modifications can impair the copying pr

162 positions of DNA sequences or by introducing phosphorothioate modifications in the DNA.

163 protein endocytosis, but the extent of siRNA phosphorothioate modifications may also be a factor.

164 demonstrate that antagomirs harbor optimized phosphorothioate modifications, require >19-nt length fo

165 arget (5ECdsRan) as a control, was partially phosphorothioate modified and tagged with superparamagne

166 to play a role in the uptake of unconjugated phosphorothioate modified ASOs in the liver as evidenced

167 Here we report that transfected 20-mer phosphorothioate-modified (PS) antisense oligonucleotide

168 evaluated, we determined that a 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate-modified anti-miR-221 oligonucleotide w

169 Nusinersen is a 2'-O-methoxyethyl phosphorothioate-modified antisense drug being developed

170 ntified a potent 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) (MOE) phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO

171 Phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligonucleotides (PS

172 ting EGFR via intratumoral administration of phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligonucleotides has

173 Our results demonstrate that phosphorothioate-modified ASOs bind a set of cellular pr

174 e contained an arylazido moiety coupled to a phosphorothioate-modified backbone of an oligonucleotide

175 We designed phosphorothioate-modified DNA probes linked to superpara

176 apeutic mechanisms of systemically delivered phosphorothioate-modified EGFR antisense oligonucleotide

177 re composed of 2'-O-methyl RNAs with a fully phosphorothioate-modified loop domain (2Me/PSLOOP MBs),

178 agnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to phosphorothioate-modified micro-DNA that targets actin o

179 age, the addition of 2'-O-methyl groups to a phosphorothioate-modified ODN is advantageous because of

180 ntisense effects of two types of 20mer ODNs, phosphorothioate-modified ODNs (S-ODNs) and S-ODNs with

181 PION, a T2 susceptibility agent) linked to a phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotide (sODN) co

182 e exposure using antisense (AS) or sense (S) phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotide (sODN) se

183 short DNA that targets mmp-9 mRNA activity [phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotide (sODN)-mm

184 otides, a methylated oligodeoxynucleotide, a phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotide, and an e

185 n oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) (15-20 nm) to phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotides (sODNs)

186 Here, we use antisense phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides and the host-

187 llected from more than 1000 experiments with phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides revealed that

188 erentiation step, antisense inhibition using phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides, and overexpr

189 tions occurred even without incorporation of phosphorothioate moieties into the RNA and DNA target mo

190 eptible to fragmentation at sites containing phosphorothioate moieties, labeling and cleavage reactio

191 tes, resulting in a lower DeltaG(++) for the phosphorothioate monoester.

192 ly perturbed through random incorporation of phosphorothioate nucleotide analogues, and RNA molecules

193 therapeutic benefit in treating sepsis with phosphorothioate ODN sequences containing the CpG motif.

194 ells, showing superiority over isosequential phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide in the specificity

195 by treatment with antisense hCG/LH receptor phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide.

196 developed for the quantitation of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in plasma using a

197 Antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides were used to degr

198 Furthermore, phosphorothioated oligodeoxynucleotides were found to an

199 1, a ragweed-pollen antigen, conjugated to a phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide immunostimulat

200 fficacy of modifying gene-specific antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (PS-ODNs) by

201 The phosphorothioate oligonucleotide 'gapmers', with 2'-O-DM

202 poteichoic acid (LTA), thymidine homopolymer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide [Poly(dT)], and polyino

203 letion of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) by phosphorothioate oligonucleotide antisense (DNMT1 AS) we

204 mice with locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complementary to miR 14

205 suppression by G3139 (oblimersen sodium), a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complementary to the bc

206 d for their gene, mRNA, siRNA and 2'O-methyl phosphorothioate oligonucleotide in vitro transfection a

207 gapmer was substantially more potent than a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide of the same sequence in

208 Determination of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide purity and impurity pro

209 o test this hypothesis, we used an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide to effect a 50% reducti

210 ve investigated the antiviral mechanism of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, ISIS 5652, which has a

211 antisense chimeric 2'-O-(2-methoxy)ethyl/DNA phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (ONs) to affect cell g

212 re systems were used to study the effects of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PS-ONs), as amphipath

213 d by 5' and 3' HNA sequences to conventional phosphorothioate oligonucleotides and to a 2'-O-methoxye

214 we report that transfection of 2'-F-modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotides into cells can reduce

215 on of RLIP76 using either siRNA or antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides preferentially caused

216 Proapoptotic phosphorothioate oligonucleotides such as G3139 (an 18-m

217 e demonstrate the ability of G3139 and other phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to bind directly to mi

218 important degradation pathway for antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides under conditions of th

219 8-58), Penetratin and R9 conjugates of 16mer phosphorothioate OMe oligonucleotide.

220 ckbone linkages at each nucleotide: 1), [Rp]-phosphorothioate or 2), [Sp]-phosphorothioate.

221 on of all four nucleotide triphosphates with phosphorothioates or the substitution of one with the eq

222 uanine-containing S-oligomers containing one phosphorothioate, -P-S-Cl results in one-electron oxidat

223 ld change in (31)P NMR chemical shift of the phosphorothioate peak (Delta approximately 3 ppm with 6

224 tives with thiols, beta-thioglycosyl thiols, phosphorothioates, phosphates, and amines to afford comp

225 Binding and kinetic data with the phosphorothioates/phosphorothiolate indicate that the tw

226 trophenyl phosphate (pNPP) and p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (pNPPT), from water to 0.6 (mol) aq DMS

227 An 8-mer phosphorothioate, polydeoxythymidine, induces partial bl

228 es that are linked to chemically substituted phosphorothioate positions at the DNA backbone.

229 e probe pairs consisted of a nucleophilic 3'-phosphorothioate probe carrying a Cy5 FRET acceptor, and

230 ilic displacement of the dabsyl probe by the phosphorothioate probe.

231 Here, a modified ASA termed phosphorothioate proofreading allele-specific amplificat

232 Phosphorothioate (PS) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)

233 ASO chemistry have led to the development of phosphorothioate (PS) ASOs with constrained-ethyl modifi

234 Major modifications include phosphorothioate (PS) backbone and different 2'-modifica

235 Phosphorothioate (PS) backbone modification of nucleotid

236 ligonucleotides are often modified using the phosphorothioate (PS) backbone modification which enhanc

237 apeutics are chemically modified and include phosphorothioate (PS) backbone modifications and differe

238 Ligands with phosphorothioate (PS) backbones induce the formation of

239 uction of beta-chemokines by non-CpG-ODN was phosphorothioate (PS) chemistry dependent and inhibited

240 the impact of siRNA scaffold-i.e. structure, phosphorothioate (PS) content, linker composition-on DCA

241 The addition of phosphorothioate (PS) groups to natural phosphodiester (

242 isense oligonucleotides (ASOs) modified with phosphorothioate (PS) linkages and different 2' modifica

243 Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) with phosphorothioate (PS) linkages are broadly used as resea

244 ASOs modified with phosphorothioate (PS) linkages enter cells via endocytot

245 tion studies of HHRz constructs containing a phosphorothioate (PS) modification at the cleavage site.

246 In this work, phosphorothioate (PS) modifications were systematically

247 25 most abundant human plasma proteins with phosphorothioate (PS) modified antisense oligonucleotide

248 echanism based on Hg(2+)-induced cleavage of phosphorothioate (PS) modified RNA.

249 by directly comparing the ability of OXE and phosphorothioate (PS) ODNs to target c-myb gene expressi

250 Phosphodiester (PO) and phosphorothioate (PS) oligonucleotides (ODNs) (15 nucleo

251 In this work, a phosphorothioate (PS) RNA-containing library was used fo

252 We demonstrate that phosphorothioate (PS) stereochemistry substantially affe

253 Phosphorothioate (PS)-modified antisense oligonucleotide

254 Both normal DNA and phosphorothioate (PS)-modified DNA are tested for this p

255 ne monomers were used to prepare a series of phosphorothioate (PS)-modified gapmer antisense oligonuc

256 Lipofectamine 2000-mediated transfection of phosphorothioate (PS)-modified oligonucleotides (ON) on

257 t the evaluation of 20-, 18-, 16- and 14-mer phosphorothioate (PS)-modified tricycloDNA (tcDNA) gapme

258 confirmation rate during screening of fully phosphorothioated (PS)-LNA gapmer ASOs designed against

259 ing two well-studied pharmacophores, namely, phosphorothioates (pS) and morpholinos, to create morpho

260 to RNA relative to the first-generation DNA phosphorothioates (PS-DNA).

261 Bacterial phosphorothioate (PT) DNA modifications are incorporated

262 DNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification is a sulfur modificat

263 Phosphorothioate (PT) modification of DNA, with sulfur r

264 triction-modification (R-M) system involving phosphorothioate (PT) modification of the DNA backbone.

265 r into the DNA backbone as a double-stranded phosphorothioate (PT) modification, and DndFGH, a restri

266 s (lipoplexes) were formulated at a nitrogen:phosphorothioate ratio (N:P) of 2 with a dose concentrat

267 dified regions and a 2'-deoxyoligonucleotide phosphorothioate region that allows RNase H digestion of

268 bstrates were synthesized, where an epimeric phosphorothioate replaces one of the phosphate diester l

269 , inositol 1-phosphorothioate and inositol 6-phosphorothioate, respectively.

270 des that terminated with a 5'-iodine and a 3'phosphorothioate, respectively.

271 olino phosphoroamidate (PMO) and 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate RNA (2'Ome RNA) chemistry have been sho

272 ment of lymphoblast cells with IIS antisense phosphorothioate (S)-oligonucleotides prevents chemotact

273 icient and cost-effective manner to backbone phosphorothioate sites that are chemically substituted i

274 with different lengths of ssDNA, ssRNA, and phosphorothioate ssDNA, we discover a self-catalytic beh

275 immunostimulatory sequence (ISS)-containing phosphorothioate-stabilized oligonucleotides for antiher

276 eriments using HisRS active site mutants and phosphorothioate-substituted adenylate showed that subst

277 lease and reconstitution of the probe with a phosphorothioate-substituted oligonucleotide, an [alpha-

278 are kinetically recruited and anchored to a phosphorothioate substitution embedded within a structur

279 Sites in the stem-loop substrate where phosphorothioate substitution impaired reaction cluster

280 When a phosphorothioate substitution is installed at the scissi

281 each of these sites is supported by previous phosphorothioate substitution studies and, in the case o

282 Here, we combine stereospecific phosphorothioate substitution, precision nucleobase muta

283 We also show that phosphorothioate substitutions at the cleavage site and

284 caused recovery of the rate of reaction for phosphorothioate substitutions between A621 and A622 and

285 mbined atomic mutagenesis with site-specific phosphorothioate substitutions in the ribozyme backbone

286 rategy based on Pt(II) targeting of specific phosphorothioate substitutions.

287 preferences of AP endo and T4 DNA ligase for phosphorothioate substrates, we show that AP endo acts b

288 hat Mn(2+) or Cd(2+) accelerated cleavage of phosphorothioate substrates.

289 Two nitroxides are attached to phosphorothioates that are chemically substituted at spe

290 ine (R5a), was attached postsynthetically to phosphorothioates that were chemically introduced, one a

291 the solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleoside phosphorothioates, the thermolytic 2-[N-methyl-N-(2-pyri

292 AsTsAsT]2, -P-S-Cl reacts with a neighboring phosphorothioate to form the sigma(2)sigma*(1)-bonded di

293 oligonucleotide with an equivalent number of phosphorothioates to thioaptamer 97 and a scrambled cons

294 microbubble destruction-mediated delivery of phosphorothioated TRAF3IP2 antisense oligonucleotides in

295 rated site-specific delivery of antiparallel phosphorothioate triplex forming oligonucleotide (TFO) s

296 We also synthesized and evaluated the alpha-phosphorothioate variant of d5SICSTP, which provides a r

297 mechanistic difference (D(N) + A(N) for the phosphorothioate versus A(N)D(N) for the phosphate) comp

298 erminus of a nucleic acid, and the resulting phosphorothioate was then reacted with an iodomethyl der

299 s, p-nitrophenyl phosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, were compared to the activation parame

300 Electrophilic addition of Cl2(*-) to phosphorothioate with elimination of Cl(-) leads to the