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1 f inhibition is delayed in seedlings lacking phototropin.
2  small family of photoreceptors known as the phototropins.
3 ins are the light-sensitive portion of plant phototropins.
4 tion between the LOV2 domain of Avena sativa phototropin 1 (AsLOV2) and an engineered PDZ domain (ePD
5               The LOV2 domain of Avenasativa phototropin 1 (AsLOV2), a member of the Per-Arnt-Sim (PA
6 tch based on the LOV2 domain of Avena sativa phototropin 1 (AsLOV2).
7 and activate the phototropism photoreceptors phototropin 1 (phot1) and phototropin 2 (phot2) by using
8  soil until blue light, acting first through phototropin 1 (phot1) and then through cryptochrome 1 (c
9 calcium (Ca2+) that begins within seconds of phototropin 1 (phot1) excitation is believed to be an im
10                                              Phototropin 1 (phot1) is a Ser/Thr photoreceptor kinase
11 radiation by a mechanism that depends on the phototropin 1 (phot1) photoreceptor.
12 ultraviolet/blue light-activated AGC kinases phototropin 1 and 2 (phot1 and phot2).
13 ly photoactive LOV2 domain from Avena sativa phototropin 1 and the Escherichia coli trp repressor.
14 action between Arabidopsis phytochrome A and phototropin 1 at the plasma membrane.
15 en, voltage) of the blue light photoreceptor phototropin 1 from Avena sativa (oat).
16  glutamine residue [Q513 in the Avena sativa phototropin 1 LOV2 (AsLOV2) domain] switches its hydroge
17 the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, phot1 (phototropin 1) is the dominant receptor controlling phot
18 sponses along with the protein kinase PHOT1 (Phototropin 1).
19 gen-voltage sensing domain 2 (LOV2) from oat phototropin 1, can be modularly wired into cell signalin
20 n the C-terminal LOV2 domain of Avena sativa phototropin 1, formation of this bond triggers a conform
21 Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking either phototropins 1 and 2 (phot1 and phot2) or cryptochromes
22 ism photoreceptors phototropin 1 (phot1) and phototropin 2 (phot2) by using energy from absorbed blue
23                                              Phototropin, a major blue-light receptor for phototropis
24  a paralogue of the NPH1 gene, which encodes phototropin, a photoreceptor for phototropic bending.
25     Light plays a crucial role in activating phototropins, a class of plant photoreceptors that are s
26 ntrolled by light-activated kinases known as phototropins, a group of kinases that contain two light-
27  a series of still poorly understood events, phototropin activation leads to the formation of a gradi
28 te the magnitude of curvature resulting from phototropin activation.
29 ate phototropism through the coaction of the phototropin and cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptors.
30  large-scale phylogenetic reconstructions of phototropin and phytochrome gene families.
31 o the regulation by the blue light receptors phototropin and plant cryptochrome (pCRY).
32 utant, in which phot2 is the only functional phototropin and PP2A activity is reduced, showed enhance
33        In contrast, we also demonstrate that phototropins and cryptochromes function together to enha
34    Based on our results, we hypothesize that phototropins and cryptochromes regulate phototropism by
35  proteins that were first described in plant phototropins and form a subgroup of the Per-Arnt-Sim (PA
36  as light-sensory modules in plant and algal phototropins and in fungal blue-light receptors.
37 signaling mechanism, YtvA differs from plant phototropins and more closely resembles prokaryotic heme
38 ant neochromes, a chimera of phytochrome and phototropin, appear to share a common origin.
39 tochrome 1 (cry1), cryptochrome 2 (cry2) and phototropin are the blue/ultraviolet-A light receptors t
40                                          The phototropins are a family of membrane-associated flavopr
41                                          The phototropins are flavoprotein kinases that control photo
42                                              Phototropins are light-activated kinases important for p
43                                              Phototropins are plasma-membrane-associated UV-A/blue-li
44 omains, first identified in the higher-plant phototropins, are now shown to be present in plants, fun
45  was engineered from the blue light receptor phototropin as a reporter of viral infection.
46 nal arises through binding and coaction with phototropin at the plasma membrane.
47  they belong to a protein complex comprising phototropins at the plasma membrane (PM).
48 iates physically with another photoreceptor, phototropin, at the plasma membrane.
49                                The resulting phototropin autophosphorylation is essential for biologi
50                                              Phototropin blue light receptors (phot1 and phot2) optim
51 and how the phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins bring about changes in development seen in
52 rched for protein kinases that interact with phototropins by using an in vitro screening method (Alph
53 s not homogeneous, the uncovered phytochrome-phototropin co-action is important for plants to adapt t
54                                              Phototropins combine two blue-light-sensing Light-Oxygen
55    We restored this dysfunction in different phototropin complementation experiments.
56 egration of light signals sensed through the phototropin, cryptochrome, and phytochrome signaling pat
57                         We further show that phototropin-deficient mutants display impaired rosette e
58 t the nph4 mutants fail to exhibit the basal phototropin-dependent and phyA-dependent enhancement res
59     This pathway is under the control of the phototropin-dependent blue-light signaling cascade and c
60 e demonstrate that NPH3 is not necessary for phototropin-dependent growth inhibition.
61  the plasma membrane and displays light- and phototropin-dependent localization to microfilaments in
62 apidly in guard cells upon illumination in a phototropin-dependent manner.
63 rowth inhibition that replaces the transient phototropin-dependent phase after approximately 30 min o
64 onse is genetically separable from the basal phototropin-dependent response, as demonstrated by its r
65                                           As phototropins do not influence circadian gene expression
66                               Signaling from phototropin during the curvature response is dependent u
67    The light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domains of phototropins emerged as essential constituents of light-
68 egative phototropism that is mediated by the phototropin family of photoreceptors.
69  blue light receptor, phot1, a member of the phototropin family, is a plasma membrane-associated flav
70 ependent formation of a C-terminal truncated phototropin form was observed.
71 plications of this mechanism with respect to phototropin function are discussed.
72 gate the role of LOV1 and LOV2 in regulating phototropin function.
73 we also discovered a previously unidentified phototropin gene that likely represents the ancestral li
74                         Studies of the plant phototropins have identified 11 flavin-contacting residu
75 ing maintenance, opposite to the function of phototropin in these processes.
76 rease the photocycle lifetime of Arabidopsis phototropins in vitro and show that these variants can b
77    Together, the data suggest a mechanism of phototropin-independent inflorescence phototropism throu
78                   These results suggest that phototropin-induced actin bundling via THRUMIN1 is impor
79        We show that blue light, perceived by PHOTOTROPIN, induces PMSK1 dephosphorylation that in tur
80  This result indicates that BL-activation of phototropin influences cryptochrome signaling leading to
81 hototropism1) mutant, which lacks one of the phototropin-interacting CPT proteins, shows reduced sens
82                                              Phototropin is a blue-light receptor involved in the pho
83                              We propose that phototropin is a light regulator of phototaxis that dese
84                                    Moreover, phototropin is involved in adjusting the level of channe
85                         Light sensing by the phototropins is mediated by a repeated motif at the N-te
86 the presumed signaling species that leads to phototropin kinase activation and subsequent signal tran
87 f a peripheral Jalpha helix and, ultimately, phototropin kinase activation.
88                     Complementation with the phototropin kinase fragment reduced the eyespot size, in
89  by dual receptors such as phytochrome B and phototropin leads to immediate signalling convergence.
90  significance for the different roles of the phototropin LOV domains is discussed.
91 in adapts a structure similar to that of the phototropin LOV domains.
92 eveals that a family of blue photoreceptors, phototropins, maintain robust rhythms of Fq'/Fm' under c
93                  The UV-A/blue light sensing phototropins mediate several light responses enabling op
94 riggers the opening of the pores through the phototropin-mediated pathway, which leads to the activat
95  regulation of heliotropism is distinct from phototropin-mediated phototropism and likely involves in
96 und the expected transcriptome signatures of phototropin-mediated phototropism in sunflower stems ben
97 ponse to blue light but no deficits in other phototropin-mediated responses.
98  results highlight the strict specificity of phototropin-mediated signal transduction pathways.
99                            Here, we identify PHOTOTROPIN-MEDIATED SIGNALING KINASE 1 (PMSK1) as a key
100 sents the ancestral lineage of the neochrome phototropin module.
101 ses red-sensing phytochrome and blue-sensing phototropin modules into a single gene, thereby optimizi
102 th drastically enlarged chloroplasts, and in phototropin mutants with impaired photorelocation but no
103 e blue light (BL) requires the action of the phototropin (nph1) BL receptor.
104           The present work demonstrates that phototropin (nph1), the photoreceptor responsible for ph
105 phy3) LOV2 are conserved in LOV domains from phototropin of other plant species and from three protei
106     These constructs encode either wild-type phototropin or phototropin with one or both LOV-domain c
107  from the marine picoalga Ostreococcus tauri phototropin (Otphot) and examine its ability to replace
108 aracterized the light-dependent changes of a phototropin PAS domain by solution nuclear magnetic reso
109 ion of the spectrum, while cryptochromes and phototropins perceive blue and UVA light.
110 ght photoreceptors, cryptochrome (CRY) 2 and phototropin (PHOT) 2, are required for the stability of
111  of phototropic growth which is regulated by phototropin (phot) AGC kinases.
112                     In flowering plants, the phototropin (phot) blue light receptors are essential to
113                                              Phototropin (PHOT) is a photoreceptor involved in a vari
114                                              Phototropins (phot) sense blue light through the two N-t
115 Based on this and on the BSCs' expression of phototropins PHOT1 and PHOT2, and the known blue light (
116                                              Phototropin (phot1) is a blue light-activated plasma mem
117                                              Phototropins (phot1 and phot2) are autophosphorylating s
118                                              Phototropins (phot1 and phot2) are blue light receptor k
119                                              Phototropins (phot1 and phot2) are plant blue light rece
120                                              Phototropins (phot1 and phot2) are plant blue-light rece
121                                              Phototropins (phot1 and phot2), the plant blue-light rec
122     These photoresponses are mediated by two phototropins, phot1 and phot2.
123 in planta Our findings show that slowing the phototropin photocycle enhanced several light-capturing
124 entified THRUMIN1 as a critical link between phototropin photoreceptor activity at the plasma membran
125 ght through UV Resistance locus 8 (UVR8) and phototropin photoreceptor-activated signaling pathways i
126                                              Phototropin photoreceptors (phot1 and phot2 in Arabidops
127 s stimulated by blue light perceived via the phototropin photoreceptors and is transduced to the acti
128 sis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is induced by the phototropin photoreceptors and modulated by the cryptoch
129 c analyses indicate that the cryptochrome or phototropin photoreceptors do not participate in the res
130 positive phototropism is mainly regulated by phototropin photoreceptors in blue and UV wavelengths.
131 es are primarily modulated by the blue light phototropin photoreceptors phot1 and phot2.
132 maging and genetic experiments revealed that phototropin photoreceptors stimulate katanin-mediated se
133                                          The phototropin photoreceptors transduce blue-light signals
134       The molecular players involved include phototropin photoreceptors, plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases
135 stomatal opening in a response that requires phototropin photoreceptors.
136 ption, including the phytochrome (Phy) A and phototropin photoreceptors.
137 nse is mediated by blue/UV A light-absorbing phototropins (phots) and cryptochromes (crys).
138                                          The phototropins (phots) are light-activated kinases that ar
139                                              Phototropins (phots) regulate a range of adaptive proces
140                                   Of the two phototropins present in the model plant Arabidopsis thal
141             When placed into the full-length phototropin protein, these point mutations display const
142 nt in regulation of kinase signaling for the phototropin proteins.
143 understanding the mechanisms associated with phototropin receptor activation by light.
144                              Blue-light (BL) phototropin receptors (phot1 and phot2) regulate plant g
145 ses of fungi through madA and plants through phototropin rely on diverse proteins; however, these pro
146  of the blue light receptors aureochrome and phototropin revealed a suppression of the response of sp
147 ing responses, while accelerating it reduced phototropin's sensitivity for chloroplast accumulation m
148       Residues that interact with FMN in the phototropin segment of the chimeric fern photoreceptor (
149 rystal structure of the LOV2 domain from the phototropin segment of the chimeric fern photoreceptor p
150  that plant and fungal phytochrome and plant phototropin serve dual functions as light and temperatur
151                   However, the identities of phototropin signaling components are less well understoo
152 of CIPK23 as a newly identified component of phototropin signaling in stomatal guard cells is discuss
153    However, it remains poorly understood how phototropin signaling is fine-tuned to prevent excessive
154 l gravitropism in the light and act early in phototropin signaling.
155  in Physcomitrella protonemata binds several phototropins specifically in the photoactivated Pfr stat
156 ctive LOV (light oxygen voltage) domain from phototropin, sterically blocking Rac1 interactions until
157  in the mutant of BLUS1, which is one of the phototropin substrates in guard cells.
158 (R)/far-R (FR) regions and cryptochromes and phototropins that respond to the ultraviolet-A/blue (B)
159 imilar to the LOV domains found in the plant phototropins, the Neurospora VIVID (VVD) protein, and th
160                We therefore propose the name phototropin to designate the nph1 holoprotein.
161 ry portion of phot1 leads, as in other plant phototropins, to activation of a C-terminal serine/threo
162 hin this tool box, truncated variants of the phototropin two light-oxygen-voltage flavoprotein have b
163                   In response to blue light, phototropins undergo autophosphorylation.
164              Previous studies indicated that phototropin uses a bound flavin mononucleotide (FMN) wit
165 strain in which the blue light photoreceptor phototropin was deleted by homologous recombination, the
166 0A mutant of the LOV2 domain of Avena sativa phototropin was reconstituted with universally and site-
167 ors that mediate chloroplast movements (i.e. phototropins), we conducted a mutant screen that has led
168 in that binds flavin mononucleotide in plant phototropins, we show that light responses are abolished
169 during the light period are downregulated by phototropin, whereas the level of channelrhodopsin-2 is
170  phototropism is primarily controlled by the phototropins, which are also involved in stomatal moveme
171 ructs encode either wild-type phototropin or phototropin with one or both LOV-domain cysteines mutate
172 rs, such as phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins, ZEITLUPE (ZTL), FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPE

 
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