ライフサイエンスコーパス: pilus

1 pe IV mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) pilus.

2 ene, encoding the major pilin subunit of the pilus.

3 ired for attachment of the phage to the host pilus.

4 volving HrpA, the main component of the T3SS pilus.

5 gRNA and is required for adsorption to the F-pilus.

6 ely represents a different type of bacterial pilus.

7 strating how it may be incorporated into the pilus.

8 we determine the structure of the assembled pilus.

9 pilus assembly and are incorporated into the pilus.

10 e Yts2 type II secretion system, and the Tad pilus.

11 factors cholera toxin and toxin-co-regulated pilus.

12 beta-strand of the preceding subunit in the pilus.

13 compared with FimA subunits in the assembled pilus.

14 ver, these proteins are part of the extended pilus.

15 ely undergoes diversification of the Type IV pilus.

16 Robust binding was independent of pilus-1 adhesive properties but required Fab-dependent r

17 Pilus-1 binding by specific sIgA led to bacterial agglut

18 the presence of an adhesive RrgA-containing pilus-1 mediate pneumococcal passage from the bloodstrea

19 w that the major adhesin of the pneumococcal pilus-1, RrgA, binds both receptors, whereas the choline

20 e determined that expression of pneumococcal pilus-1, which includes the pilus adhesin RrgA, promotes

21 l fluid was seen only by isolates expressing pilus-1.

22 de and lipopolysaccharide, toxin coregulated pilus A, sialidase, hemolysin A, flagellins (FlaB, FlaC,

23 We show that physical obstruction of dynamic pilus activity by chemical perturbation or by a mutation

24 urface contact and sensing by alterations in pilus activity stimulate C. crescentus to bypass its dev

25 bias likely results from the polarization of pilus activity, yielding variable levels of movement in

26 e extent as planktonic cells with obstructed pilus activity.

27 ng of pilus fibers, and methods for impeding pilus activity.

28 For example, the type 1 pilus adhesin FimH binds mannose on the bladder surface,

29 of pneumococcal pilus-1, which includes the pilus adhesin RrgA, promotes bacterial penetration throu

30 The pilus adhesin tip protein Cpa promoted Alab49 survival i

31 loped antivirulence inhibitors of the type 1 pilus adhesin, FimH, demonstrated oral activity in anima

32 The pKM101 OMCC cap and extended pilus also are dispensable for activation of a Pseudomon

33 responsible for attaching the virus to an F-pilus and delivering the viral genome into the host duri

34 nsight into genome delivery via the host sex pilus and mechanisms underlying ssRNA-capsid co-assembly

35 s), we sought to test whether FasX regulates pilus and streptokinase expression in a serotype-specifi

36 eriplasmic compartment requires a DNA-uptake pilus and the DNA-binding protein ComEA.

37 ward the outer membrane by retraction of the pilus and then taken up by binding to periplasmic ComEA,

38 odel in which the ssRNA phage binds to the F-pilus and through pilus retraction engages with the dist

39 idual pilus subunits EmpA, EmpB, and EmpC to pilus architecture, biofilm formation, adherence to extr

40 structures provide the molecular basis for F pilus assembly and also shed light on the remarkable pro

41 nd thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, abrogates pilus assembly and alters cell morphology.

42 n determining sortase specificity during the pilus assembly and anchoring.

43 ns, the minor pilins FimU and PilVWXE, prime pilus assembly and are incorporated into the pilus.

44 of a differential effect of glycosylation on pilus assembly and function of paralogous pilins.

45 Minor pilins influence pilus assembly and retraction, but their precise functio

46 ar architecture, with implication for pseudo-pilus assembly and substrate loading.

47 diverse cellular functions in cell division, pilus assembly and toxin production, we propose that Mdb

48 at Pseudomonas aeruginosa minor pilins prime pilus assembly and traffic the pilus-associated adhesin

49 bon utilization, siderophore production, and pilus assembly demonstrate frequent gain or loss among i

50 racterization of mCherry fusions to modulate pilus assembly from within the periplasm.

51 Pilus assembly in bacteria typically occurs by one of fo

52 Type IV pilus assembly involves a conserved group of proteins th

53 The protein complex responsible for type IV pilus assembly is homologous with the type II protein se

54 ant carrying an inactivating mutation in the pilus assembly motor PilB has no measurable defects in c

55 n composed of four gene clusters encoding 13 pilus assembly proteins.

56 The pilus assembly system, which promotes surface-associated

57 We propose a model for CofB-initiated pilus assembly with implications for understanding filam

58 w levels of the minor pilins are optimal for pilus assembly, and CofB can be detected in the pilus fr

59 oris, disulfide bond formation is needed for pilus assembly, coaggregation, and biofilm formation.

60 ng the C-terminal disulfide bridge abrogates pilus assembly, in turn eliminating biofilm formation an

61 and could serve as a driving force for CFA/I pilus assembly, representing an energetic landscape uniq

62 inor pilins, thereby providing insights into pilus assembly, structure, and function.

63 t with a predicted salt bridge necessary for pilus assembly.

64 inal region is required for CofB to initiate pilus assembly.

65 a vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) gene in pilus assembly.

66 the major pilin PilA, allowing for efficient pilus assembly.

67 d the minimal set of components required for pilus assembly.

68 Deletion of all minor subunits abrogated pilus assembly.

69 ilin subunits in the inner membrane prior to pilus assembly.

70 omain from the bifunctional and bipolar ZitP pilus assembly/motility regulator revealed conserved int

71 pilins prime pilus assembly and traffic the pilus-associated adhesin and anti-retraction protein, Pi

72 a torsional stress that breaks the mature F-pilus at the cell surface.

73 ure is essentially the F1 complex with the F pilus attached at the outer membrane (OM).

74 markably, the F3 structure consists of the F pilus attached to a thin, cell envelope-spanning stalk,

75 f bacteria with antibodies against the major pilus backbone subunit (RrgB) or the adhesin component (

76 channel-pilus connection, and unprecedented pilus basal structures.

77 e of the Shiga toxin genes or bundle-forming pilus (BFP) genes.

78 (LEE) and the plasmid-encoded bundle-forming pilus (BFP), which are involved in adherence and translo

79 ements specialized developmental functions - pilus biogenesis and multifactorial swarming motility -

80 mall subset of four proteins dispensable for pilus biogenesis are essential for motility.

81 azoxanide (NTZ) inhibits CU pathway-mediated pilus biogenesis in E. coli by specifically interfering

82 Although the mechanism of pilus biogenesis is well characterized, how the usher it

83 owever, zinc binding is neither required for pilus biogenesis nor natural transformation.

84 Pilus biogenesis occurs daily in the morning, while natu

85 will focus on the chaperone-usher pathway of pilus biogenesis, a widespread assembly line for pilus p

86 study therefore provides compounds targeting pilus biogenesis, thereby inhibiting bacterial adhesion,

87 pectively regulates substrate transfer and F pilus biogenesis.

88 has important implications for understanding pilus biology.

89 ral processes, including phototaxis, type IV pilus biosynthesis, photosystem II levels, biofilm forma

90 These observations, obtained with a simple pilus biosynthetic system, are likely to be applicable t

91 enic Escherichia coli produces a long type 4 pilus called Longus.

92 ot just the translocation channel or channel-pilus complex predicted by prevailing models.

93 However, the pilus conductance and the carrier mobility decreased whe

94 conjugation or "mating" channel, the channel-pilus connection, and unprecedented pilus basal structur

95 The PI-2 pilus consists of repeated units of a single protein, Pi

96 on pilus post-translational modification and pilus density.

97 r motility and toxin production and promotes pilus-dependent biofilm formation, but no specific biolo

98 onal 11B9/61 antibody, which greatly reduced pilus-dependent cell contact.

99 able to invade such prey cells via type IVa pilus-dependent mechanisms.

100 ellum-driven motility and upregulate type IV pilus-dependent twitching motility of P. aeruginosa.

101 However, TraD is not essential for pilus detachment, indicating that detachment is triggere

102 otes pilus retraction, thus leading to rapid pilus disappearance from the bacterial surface and loss

103 lk, whereas the F4 structure consists of the pilus docked to the OM without an associated periplasmic

104 These pilus dynamics crucially affect the local order, shape,

105 ently labeled the ssRNA phage MS2 to track F-pilus dynamics during infection.

106 propose that phage-induced disruptions of F-pilus dynamics provides a selective advantage for infect

107 e deletion of the N3 ring leads to increased pilus dynamics, thereby compensating for the reduced num

108 Consistent with these roles in pilus dynamics, we hypothesized that TcpB controls both

109 are targeted for adherence by E. coli common pilus (ECP; or meningitis-associated and temperature-reg

110 ults support a model in which differences in pilus electrostatics affect the equilibrium of microcolo

111 tified by the presence of the bundle-forming pilus encoded by a virulence plasmid, which has been lin

112 Among conjugative pili, the F "sex" pilus encoded by the F plasmid is the best functionally

113 fied a putative chemotaxis operon, a type IV pilus-encoding cluster and a region encoding putative ar

114 atment resulted in rapid immune exclusion of pilus-expressing pneumococci.

115 mothers are less likely to be colonized with pilus-expressing strains.

116 While FasX reduced pilus expression in each serotype, the molecular basis d

117 e capsule production proteins, regulators of pilus expression, and two-component gene regulatory syst

118 t the carrier mutation (liaS(R135G)) affects pilus expression.

119 In this article, a coarse-grained model of pilus extension and attachment is developed.

120 controls MshE activity, thus regulating MSHA pilus extension and retraction dynamics, and modulating

121 OMCC cap and a pilus tip protein coregulate pilus extension but are not required for channel assembl

122 TPase enzymatic activity that powers type IV pilus extension but remain inefficient on the ATPase tha

123 conserved in T4aP systems, are essential for pilus extension in Myxococcus xanthus and form a complex

124 ologically relevant conditions indicate that pilus extension is a quasistatic process such that the p

125 functions as a priming complex in T4aPM for pilus extension, a tip complex in the extended pilus for

126 Cycles of pilus extension, binding and retraction enable T4P to pe

127 on between HmpF and the T4P system activates pilus extension, the Hmp system facilitates coordinated

128 etween c-di-GMP and the ATPase MshE promotes pilus extension, whereas low levels of c-di-GMP correlat

129 lay essential roles: its formation may drive pilus extrusion by preventing backsliding of the nascent

130 e PilQ protein, essential for DNA uptake and pilus extrusion.

131 d two periplasmic gates open to make way for pilus extrusion.

132 2 infects Escherichia coli via the host 'sex pilus' (F-pilus); it was the first fully sequenced organ

133 (OM) usher protein to build and secrete the pilus fiber.

134 ng conditions for epifluorescence imaging of pilus fibers, and methods for impeding pilus activity.

135 These subunits are held together in the pilus filament by hydrophobic interactions among their N

136 V. cholerae periplasm as an extension of the pilus filament.

137 cal perturbation of retracting extracellular pilus filaments accelerates cell-cycle progression and c

138 gregative adherence fimbriae, E. coli common pilus, flagellin and EAEC heat-stable enterotoxin 1.

139 lus extension, a tip complex in the extended pilus for adhesion, and a cork for terminating retractio

140 Here we identify the role of the F9/Yde/Fml pilus for UPEC persistence in the inflamed urothelium.

141 cterial type II secretion system and type IV pilus formation were shown to specifically bind c-di-GMP

142 us assembly, and CofB can be detected in the pilus fraction.

143 bacterium diphtheriae and FimA of the type 2 pilus from Actinomyces oris unfold and extend at forces

144 s of the pilus subunit SpaA of the SpaA-type pilus from Corynebacterium diphtheriae and FimA of the t

145 tron microscopy reconstruction of the intact pilus, from which we built an atomic model for the filam

146 Our data suggest new mechanisms of pilus gene regulation in GAS and that the invasiveness a

147 AS and that the invasiveness associated with pilus gene regulation in GAS differs from the enhanced i

148 Here, we present an atomic model of the P pilus generated from a 3.8 A resolution cryo-electron mi

149 CT) region of the genome, which contains the pilus genes (nine different FCT-types), and (c) the stre

150 , encoding the direct activator of toxin and pilus genes.

151 including genes encoding a conserved Type IV pilus, genes known to be associated with competence in o

152 nd provide a rationale for the prevalence of pilus glycosylation in nature.

153 n ssRNA phage specific for the conjugative F-pilus, has a T = 3 icosahedral lattice of coat proteins

154 ata presented here confirm the importance of pilus I for S. pneumoniae pathogenesis and the potential

155 in part, to the production of a Type IV Tad pilus (Iam).

156 nd were able to demonstrate the role of Pil3 pilus in binding to colonic mucus.

157 Elimination of pilus in the isogenic carrier mutant increased the level

158 altered transcription of the genes encoding pilus in the presence of bacitracin.

159 of a bona fide physiological role for a Tad pilus in this bacterial family.

160 It infects Escherichia coli through the F-pilus, in which it binds through a maturation protein in

161 We propose that T4SS-encoded, pilus-independent attachment mechanisms maximize the pro

162 Moreover, binding of the pilus induces slight orientational variations of the Mat

163 ic and electrostatic interactions at the Mat-pilus interface.

164 The type PI-1 streptococcal pilus is a complex, well studied structure, but the PI-2

165 Here, we show that the MSHA pilus is a dynamic extendable and retractable system, an

166 EC translocation, suggesting that the type 1 pilus is a therapeutic target for the prevention of this

167 The competence (Com) pilus is a widespread T4F, mediating DNA uptake (the fir

168 the ComE pore through which the NTHI type IV pilus is expressed.

169 ypes Ib (P = .033) and V (P = .040); and for pilus island (PI)-1 (P = .016), PI-2a (P = .015), PI-2b

170 The Streptococcus pnuenomae pilus island 1 pili are composed of three subunits, RrgA

171 Escherichia coli via the host 'sex pilus' (F-pilus); it was the first fully sequenced organism and is

172 of srtA in the mutant progressively shortens pilus length and restores coaggregation accordingly, whi

173 How this machine controls pilus length and whether pilus length is critical for ce

174 recognition of pilin substrates and regulate pilus length by inducing the capture and transfer of pil

175 ng of the tip adhesin CafA via modulation of pilus length by the housekeeping sortase SrtA.

176 is machine controls pilus length and whether pilus length is critical for cell-to-cell interactions r

177 and Pil proteins compose the JPC, a type IV pilus-like nanomotor that drives motility and polysaccha

178 e implies that the JPC is a modified type IV pilus-like structure encoded for in part by genes in the

179 diated by the archaellum, a rotating type IV pilus-like structure that is a unique nanomachine for sw

180 remarkable adherent phenotype with abundant pilus-like structures.

181 d, the expression of a tight adherence (tad) pilus locus was elevated in NT.

182 wered by the cell-envelope spanning type IVa pilus machine (T4aPM).

183 yse is the Vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus machine (TCPM).

184 at assembles and retracts them (the type IVa pilus machine, or T4PM) in situ, in both the piliated an

185 nd inner membrane components of the type IVa pilus machinery in P. aeruginosa, with PilM binding to P

186 cation of compounds able to decrease type IV pilus-mediated interaction of bacteria with endothelial

187 sa pili, and inhibited twitching motility, a pilus-mediated movement important for virulence.

188 ents/min) are 15-times more frequent than in pilus-minus mutant cells (0.2 events/min), indicating th

189 was the same for wild-type cells (12 s) and pilus-minus mutant cells (13 s), suggesting the pili do

190 ity (eg, the pilT and galU genes involved in pilus motility and LPS formation).

191 e Frz(Mx) chemosensory system and gliding or pilus-motility apparatus, to produce regulated bidirecti

192 In this study, we used the type IV pilus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to test whether variation

193 essed the HIV-1 Gag-p24 on the tip of the T3 pilus of Streptococcus pyogenes as a fusion to the Cpa p

194 rotein (Mat), which attaches to a retractile pilus of the host.

195 are located directly downstream of a type IV pilus operon in strongly cellulolytic members of the gen

196 nnose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) type IV pilus operon), had reduced infectivity of A. cytherea.

197 nt to colonic mucus is dependent on the pil3 pilus operon, which is heterogeneously expressed in the

198 y an early step of MS2 engagement with the F-pilus or T4SS.

199 (PE) and the majority subunit of the type IV pilus (PilA), two major antigens of nontypeable Haemophi

200 e manipulation of surfaces and modulation of pilus-pilus interactions.

201 s-specific sortase SrtC2 that possesses both pilus polymerization and cell wall anchoring functions.

202 ngth by inducing the capture and transfer of pilus polymers to the cell wall.

203 Bacterial sorting was dependent on pilus post-translational modification and pilus density.

204 d aggregation phenotypes associated with Tad pilus production and efficient bacterial retention by fe

205 s biogenesis, a widespread assembly line for pilus production at the surface of Gram-negative bacteri

206 nhibited cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus production in a dose-dependent manner.

207 anced invasiveness associated with increased pilus production in other bacterial pathogens.

208 Elimination of pilus production in the isogenic carrier mutant decrease

209 trigger P. aeruginosa T6SS killing, but not pilus production.

210 tes to a carrier phenotype through increased pilus production.

211 processing and regulatory genes required for pilus production.

212 For this purpose, we chose the pilus protein FimG from Gram-negative bacteria and a dis

213 Antibodies to FliC and SGG pilus proteins Gallo2178 and Gallo2179 were measured in

214 es to GBS capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and pilus proteins in European pregnant women.

215 accharides and anti-BP-1, -AP1-2a and -BP-2b pilus proteins were determined by enzyme-linked immunoso

216 Antibody levels against CPS and pilus proteins were significantly higher in GBS colonize

217 We show that the pilus regulatory gene fimK promotes the virulence of K.

218 nel and its physical relationship with the F pilus remain unknown.

219 type IV pili to a solid surface, followed by pilus retraction and signal transduction through the Chp

220 and type IV pilus retraction, we can exclude pilus retraction as a mechanism for DNA uptake.

221 ssRNA phage binds to the F-pilus and through pilus retraction engages with the distal end of the T4SS

222 diA-CT(536) interacts with F pilin, and that pilus retraction is critical for toxin import.

223 Continued pilus retraction pulls the Mat-gRNA complex out of the v

224 Finally, we show that obstruction of pilus retraction stimulates the synthesis of the cell-cy

225 main inefficient on the ATPase that promotes pilus retraction, thus leading to rapid pilus disappeara

226 ity-force relation of DNA uptake and type IV pilus retraction, we can exclude pilus retraction as a m

227 For twitching, powered by type-IV pilus retraction, we find that individual cells exert lo

228 Mat points opposite to the direction of the pilus retraction, which may facilitate the translocation

229 ysically blocking pili imposed resistance to pilus retraction, which was sufficient to stimulate hold

230 3000 copies of FimA assemble to the helical pilus rod through a mechanism termed donor strand comple

231 mentous, helical quaternary structure of the pilus rod via a mechanism termed donor-strand complement

232 mol less stable against unfolding than their pilus rod-like counterparts (which exhibited very high e

233 allmark of FimA with the Nte inserted in the pilus rod-like, antiparallel orientation, only depends o

234 tip fibrillum at the top, mounted on a long pilus rod.

235 ation or by a mutation in the outer-membrane pilus secretin CpaC stimulates early initiation of chrom

236 nical properties and illuminates its role in pilus secretion.

237 n Ag on the tip of the group A Streptococcus pilus serves as an excellent vaccine platform to induce

238 uired Fab-dependent recognition of RrgB, the pilus shaft protein, by naturally acquired secretory IgA

239 e MS2 in complex with the Escherichia coli F-pilus, showing a network of hydrophobic and electrostati

240 Here we demonstrate that pneumococcal type I pilus significantly increases the adhesiveness of poorly

241 The aim of this study was to use sex pilus-specific (SPS) phage to reduce the carriage of AMR

242 fications protect P. aeruginosa from certain pilus-specific phages.

243 atalyzed by two transpeptidase enzymes - the pilus-specific sortase and the housekeeping sortase.

244 chanisms of protein ligation mediated by the pilus-specific sortase and the spatial positioning of ad

245 ates exceedingly long pili, catalyzed by its pilus-specific sortase SrtC2 that possesses both pilus p

246 nt discrepancies in the literature regarding pilus stiffness and the location of adhesins on pili.

247 t the first helix is involved in forming the pilus structure core and that parts of helices two and t

248 This mutant also fails to assemble pilus structures and is greatly defective in toxin produ

249 o displays on its cell surface mucus-binding pilus structures, along with other LPXTG surface protein

250 pectroscopy, we find that these loops of the pilus subunit SpaA of the SpaA-type pilus from Corynebac

251 Up to 3000 copies of the main pilus subunit, FimA, assemble into the filamentous, heli

252 h is displaced to allow the translocation of pilus subunits across the membrane.

253 the chaperone-usher pathway, are polymers of pilus subunits assembling into two parts: a thin, short

254 studied the contributions of the individual pilus subunits EmpA, EmpB, and EmpC to pilus architectur

255 surfaces are powered by a conserved type IV pilus system (T4P).

256 the environment, is supported by the type IV pilus system in most species.

257 o cholerae are among the simplest of Type IV pilus systems and possess only a single minor pilin.

258 ding filament growth in more complex Type IV pilus systems as well as the related Type II secretion s

259 The Type IV pilus systems of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vi

260 ce and the coordinate expression of multiple pilus systems.

261 tems such as the type IV and tight adherence pilus systems.

262 In Vibrio cholerae, a type IVa pilus (T4aP) is thought to facilitate natural transforma

263 tant model system for the studies of Type IV pilus (T4P) because it is motile by social (S) motility

264 The bacterial type IV pilus (T4P) is a versatile molecular machine with a broa

265 logy with the evolutionarily related type IV pilus (T4P) system(4,5), we show that their overall arch

266 With a specific focus on the NTHI type IV pilus (T4P), which we have previously shown binds to ICA

267 BPS is a type IV pilus (T4P)-inhibited acidic polymer built of randomly a

268 ity powered by the retraction of the type IV pilus (T4P).

269 This GI contains the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) gene cluster that is necessary for colonizat

270 nce cascade, including the toxin coregulated pilus (TCP), and are able to acquire the cholera toxin-c

271 ctors: cholera toxin and a toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP).

272 n of cholera toxin and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP).

273 major colonization factor, toxin coregulated pilus (TCP).

274 to bind to the V. cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP).

275 The type IV pilus (Tfp) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI)

276 ously, we have demonstrated that the type IV pilus (Tfp) of P. aeruginosa mediates resistance to anti

277 iated cells to QS is affected by the type IV pilus (TFP) retraction motors and the minor pilins.

278 via the tip, but if not then the part of the pilus that attaches can be quite far from the tip.

279 e and for the assembly of the transformation pilus that mediates DNA transport.

280 The Bacteroidia pilus, therefore, has a biogenesis mechanism that is dis

281 thyretin-like repeats that polymerize into a pilus through a strand-exchange mechanism.

282 Studying the pilus tip adhesin Spy0125 of Streptococcus pyogenes, we

283 ing pathways for the delivery of TraC to the pilus tip or both TraC and Pep to the cell surface.

284 Furthermore, the OMCC cap and a pilus tip protein coregulate pilus extension but are not

285 the gene encoding the mannose-binding type 1 pilus tip protein FimH demonstrated reduced binding and

286 ion and is present in multiple copies at the pilus tip, which likely facilitates polyvalent binding t

287 ococcus pyogenes utilizes the protein Cpa, a pilus tip-end adhesin equipped with a Cys-Gln thioester

288 coaggregation factor CafA is present at the pilus tip.

289 Two pKM101-encoded proteins, the pilus-tip adhesin TraC and a protein termed Pep, are exp

290 The F9/Yde/Fml pilus, tipped with the FmlH adhesin, has been shown to p

291 cies additionally elaborate an extracellular pilus to initiate donor-recipient cell contacts.

292 We further demonstrate that each pilus type binds preferentially to particular phospholip

293 tinct chaperone-usher pathway pili, and each pilus type may enable colonization of a habitat in the h

294 al that F17-like pili are closely related to pilus types carried by intestinal pathogens, but are res

295 obtained in parallel and their capsular and pilus types were identified by serological and molecular

296 The phage initially binds to the F-pilus using its maturation protein (Mat), and then the M

297 The atomic structure of the pilus was unusual, with almost one-third of the residues

298 assemble to form a secretion machinery and a pilus while the VirD4 protein is responsible for substra

299 s thermophilus produces two forms of type IV pilus ('wide' and 'narrow'), differing in structure and

300 reventing backsliding of the nascent growing pilus within the secretion pore; the rod also has striki