ライフサイエンスコーパス: plutonium

1 rapolated to environmental concentrations of plutonium.

2 us studies on the global fallout uranium and plutonium.

3 proach is appropriate and accurate for alpha-plutonium.

4 tic models of clearance for soluble forms of plutonium.

5 H atoms, were investigated for isolation of plutonium.

6 eighbours in the periodic table, uranium and plutonium.

7 d magnetic moments in previously nonmagnetic plutonium.

8 cal mean field theory calculations for delta-plutonium.

9 e container walls and the oxidation state of plutonium.

10 ase for the immobilization of excess weapons plutonium.

11 bipyramidal coordination environment around plutonium.

12 ial (SNM), i.e., highly enriched uranium and plutonium.

13 presence or absence of HE in the presence of plutonium.

14 ional exposure to alpha radiation emitted by plutonium.

15 apparent than in the 5f valence electrons of plutonium.

16 curves in a face-centered cubic (fcc) delta-plutonium-0.6 weight % gallium alloy.

17 onic radii of neptunium (1.030(2) angstrom), plutonium (1.014(1) angstrom), and cerium (1.012(2) angs

18 ollowing radionuclides: plutonium-(239,240), plutonium-238, americium-241, bismuth-207, and cesium-13

19 We also report americium-241, cesium-137, plutonium-238, and plutonium-239,240 activity concentrat

20 In principle, the spin-(1/2) plutonium-239 ((239)Pu) nucleus should be active in nucl

21 mericium-241, cesium-137, plutonium-238, and plutonium-239,240 activity concentrations in the soil sa

22 Large values of plutonium-(239,240), americium-241, and bismuth-207 are

23 re performed on the following radionuclides: plutonium-(239,240), plutonium-238, americium-241, bismu

24 e elastic softening with fluctuations of the plutonium 5f mixed-valence state.

25 The destructive assay of bulk uranium and plutonium, a cornerstone for chemical quality control an

26 Total plutonium activities were determined to be not significa

27 he nuclear properties of the late actinides (plutonium, americium and curium) are fully understood an

28 Uranium, plutonium, americium, and curium concentrations and isot

29 onuclides, such as the transuranic actinides plutonium, americium, and curium, present severe health

30 Plutonium, americium, and uranium contribute to the radi

31 Annual doses to the lung from plutonium, americium, and uranium isotopes were calculat

32 ng the effectiveness of the method for rapid plutonium analysis.

33 dicity occurs in the actinide series between plutonium and americium as the result of the localizatio

34 ermine the phonon density of states of alpha-plutonium and find good agreement with inelastic x-ray s

35 asses ranging from 3.3 to 13.8 kg, including plutonium and highly enriched uranium using prototype de

36 potential for three microbial impacts on the plutonium and iron biogeochemical cycles: (1) plutonium

37 These include plutonium and minor actinides such as americium and curi

38 parate and purify target analytes, whereupon plutonium and neptunium were simultaneously isolated and

39 or uranium) and anion exchange (AGMP-1 M for plutonium and neptunium) chromatographic separations wer

40 was used as a chemical yield tracer for both plutonium and neptunium.

41 , rapid and effective methods to analyze for plutonium and other actinide metals are needed.

42 understanding the environmental transport of plutonium and other contaminants capable of similar redo

43 ue effectively encapsulated a portion of the plutonium and prevented its clearance from the body or t

44 s can be related to the phase transitions of plutonium and to strong coupling between the lattice str

45 Plutonium and U are present predominantly in micro- to n

46 results in passive detection and imaging of plutonium and uranium objects using gamma-ray and dual p

47 Additionally, plutonium and uranium were measured in a simultaneous ac

48 lectronic origin of the bonding anomalies in plutonium, and can be applied to predict generalized val

49 hose with atomic numbers higher than that of plutonium, and their compounds.

50 eous determination of technetium, neptunium, plutonium, and uranium in large volume (200 L) seawater.

51 In contrast, the 5f orbitals of plutonium appear localized and surprisingly insensitive

52 ansport and help explain why trace levels of plutonium are found downgradient from their original sou

53 ization of the platform for the detection of plutonium are reported.

54 ., the six different allotropes of elemental plutonium) are widely believed to depend on the related

55 en Np and its closest neighbors, uranium and plutonium, are found.

56 nce of neutrons associated with the decay of plutonium as an internal probe source for performing pro

57 default parameters for soluble and insoluble plutonium, as well as to the measured post-mortem values

58 strates the multi-faceted potential of trace plutonium assay to inform clean-up strategies of fast br

59 Single-bead anion exchange of plutonium at nanomolar and subpicomolar concentrations i

60 ification of Fukushima plutonium despite the plutonium background.

61 ing symmetry and mechanism of a new class of plutonium-based high-Tc superconductors and predict the

62 colloids is important for the prediction of plutonium behaviour in the geosphere and in engineered s

63 plutonium forms from one another and from a plutonium-beryllium neutron source, which was considered

64 Three different ligands were evaluated for plutonium binding, and the best results were obtained us

65 lutonium and iron biogeochemical cycles: (1) plutonium bioaccumulation throughout the water column, (

66 dy investigates the use of DGT technique for plutonium bioavailability measurements in chemically dif

67 available DGT devices with Chelex resin for plutonium bioavailability measurements in laboratory con

68 borohydride complexes over 80 years ago, no plutonium borohydride complexes have been structurally v

69 as per the reduced (240)Pu yield expected in plutonium bred with fast neutrons.

70 separation, concentration, and detection of plutonium by the coupling an electrochemical flow cell o

71 ach enables us to study the phase diagram of plutonium, by providing access to the energetics and one

72 e ratio of organic to aqueous of up to 10:1, plutonium can be effectively stripped from 30% tributyl

73 In its metal form, plutonium can be readily used in a nuclear weapon, while

74 Bound plutonium can have a marked effect on the dose to the lu

75 Thus, plutonium-carbenes, including alkylidenes and N-heterocy

76 shed in 1965, yet structurally authenticated plutonium-carbon bonds remain rare being limited to pai-

77 the radio-chronometric ages of four distinct plutonium-certified reference materials varying in chemi

78 The crystallization of a plutonium chain side product provides direct evidence of

79 eat core, the post depositional migration of plutonium clearly exceeds that of uranium.

80 ynthetic route to obtain salt-free intrinsic plutonium colloids by ultrasonic treatment of PuO2 suspe

81 Fundamental knowledge on intrinsic plutonium colloids is important for the prediction of pl

82 haracterization of the diphosphoniomethanide-plutonium complex [Pu(BIPM(TMS)H)(I)(mu-I)](2) (1Pu, BIP

83 PPh(2))(2)CH) and the diphosphonioalkylidene-plutonium complexes [Pu(BIPM(TMS))(I)(DME)] (2Pu, BIPM(T

84 deviations are observed in the neptunium and plutonium complexes in both structure and bonding, resul

85 analyses indicate that for the neptunium and plutonium complexes, the presence of increased 5f-orbita

86 Anomalies in plutonium concentration and isotopic ratio suggest foren

87 tes were monitored as a function of time and plutonium concentration in hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) suspen

88 7.5 under anaerobic conditions with a total plutonium concentration of 1.2 x 10(-8) M exceeding thos

89 The reaction order with respect to plutonium concentration was found to be -0.68 +/- 0.09,

90 of Pu(V) reduction changes as a function of plutonium concentration.

91 netics of experiments carried out under high plutonium concentrations (i.e., >10(-7) M Pu) cannot be

92 Batch kinetic experiments were conducted at plutonium concentrations between 10(-8) and 10(-6) M at

93 V) was found to be the rate-limiting step at plutonium concentrations less than approximately 10(-7)

94 As part of our exploration of plutonium-containing materials as potential nuclear wast

95 nges of the microbiome in an iron (Fe)-rich, plutonium-contaminated, monomictic reservoir (Pond B, Sa

96 Plutonium content and isotopic abundances were measured

97 Weapons-grade uranium and plutonium could be used as nuclear explosives with extre

98 e is reported, with a continuous increase in plutonium coverage observed in situ over several hours.

99 noxic layer, likely contributing to iron and plutonium cycling.

100 ll allow for the identification of Fukushima plutonium despite the plutonium background.

101 communities in which rapid, high-resolution plutonium determinations are paramount.

102 Americium-241 and plutonium determinations will become of greater importan

103 tion alone is unlikely to explain the iodine/plutonium difference between mantle reservoirs.

104 0 ppm of humic acid of an organic-rich soil, plutonium diffusion was hindered by a factor of 5, with

105 f a (239)Pu resonance from a solid sample of plutonium dioxide (PuO(2)) subjected to a wide scan of e

106 Plutonium displays phases with enormous volume differenc

107 Plutonium distribution was studied in an undisturbed sed

108 these aberrations was highly correlated with plutonium dose to the bone marrow.

109 ilicate partition coefficients of iodine and plutonium during core formation and find that both iodin

110 dered by the unknown geochemical behavior of plutonium during core formation.

111 Using the recent observation of plutonium dynamic magnetism, we construct a theory for p

112 s of chemical investigations have shown that plutonium exhibits some of the most complicated chemistr

113 ard this objective, a new method for binding plutonium for analysis by alpha spectrometry has been de

114 ime, and is not related to the production of plutonium for nuclear weapons.

115 fore present a means of distinguishing these plutonium forms based on their energy spectra.

116 Oxide-based plutonium forms emit neutrons with an energy spectrum th

117 o unambiguously discriminate oxide and metal plutonium forms from one another and from a plutonium-be

118 nvestigate the bioaccumulation of the labile plutonium fraction in aquatic biota.

119 ation protocol between uranium and neptunium/plutonium fractions was developed based on the observati

120 The rapid screening of plutonium from aqueous sources remains a critical challe

121 The ability to distinguish multiple forms of plutonium from one another, such as oxide and metal, is

122 P), resulted in the release of americium and plutonium from one or more defense-related transuranic (

123 aration processes for recovering uranium and plutonium from spent nuclear fuel are essential to the d

124 c system was effective in clearing deposited plutonium from the lung tissues.

125 contrasted with the multiple valences of the plutonium ground state, which we characterize by a valen

126 The ground-state alpha phase of plutonium has an extraordinary 16-atom per cell, monocli

127 Magnetism in plutonium has been debated intensely, but the present ma

128 The migration of low levels of plutonium has been observed at the Nevada National Secur

129 e electronic and thermodynamic complexity of plutonium has resisted a fundamental understanding for t

130 ee-step resonance photoionization spectra of plutonium have been studied with Ti:Sapphire lasers for

131 ormations important for applications such as plutonium immobilization, fast ion conduction, and therm

132 The device was a plutonium implosion device similar to the device that de

133 dedioxime (H2A), are reported for recovering plutonium in a PUREX process.

134 has been successfully applied to analyze for plutonium in both an archived nuclear debris sample and

135 ent procedure specifically targeted to trace plutonium in bulk environmental samples.

136 f valence orbitals of uranium, neptunium and plutonium in chemical bonding using advanced spectroscop

137 Alpha radiation activity from deposited plutonium in Human Case 0269 was observed primarily alon

138 ped for rapid and automated determination of plutonium in human urine.

139 sted that radionuclide biokinetics, e.g. for plutonium in humans, are often better described by CPD m

140 determine the diffusion coefficients (D) of plutonium in polyacrylamide (PAM) gel and found D in the

141 ocal and global contributions to trace-level plutonium in soil from a former, fast-breeder reactor si

142 gether with a determination of the amount of plutonium in the debris, these measurements of extinct f

143 Trace-level plutonium in the environment often comprises local and g

144 for long-term low-level monitoring of trace plutonium in the environment.

145 is a consequence of the special location of plutonium in the periodic table, on the border between t

146 Furthermore, separation of residual plutonium in the separated uranium fraction was achieved

147 l suited for expedient analysis of low-level plutonium in urine of exposed individuals as required in

148 l and give a new viewpoint on the physics of plutonium, in which the alpha- and delta-phases are on o

149 In marked contrast, spontaneous and plutonium-induced tumors had a very high (81.8%) inciden

150 ted for 20 former nuclear workers with known plutonium inhalation.

151 U and Pu and in a wide range of uranium and plutonium intermetallic compounds.

152 luations estimated the fraction of the total plutonium inventory released to the environment relative

153 Plutonium is a metal of both technological relevance and

154 We find that the ground state in plutonium is a quantum superposition of two distinct ato

155 Plutonium is found in a pentagonal bipyramidal coordinat

156 mical mean-field theory that suggest epsilon-plutonium is mechanically unstable.

157 epsilon phase (body-centered cubic; bcc) of plutonium is predicted utilizing first-principles electr

158 Plutonium is shown to be retained on anodized glassy car

159 nsely, but the present magnetic approach for plutonium is validated by the close agreement between th

160 with its more famous neighbours uranium and plutonium, is less conspicuously studied.

161 toward the goal of simultaneous uranium and plutonium isotope ratio determinations, the initial char

162 Results showed that plutonium isotopes (i.e., (239)Pu, (240)Pu, (241)Pu, and

163 Plutonium isotopes and (237)Np were measured using induc

164 monitoring of the SRS environment, revealing plutonium isotopic compositions, e.g., (244)Pu, that ref

165 mass spectrometry (3STIMS) measurements for plutonium isotopic content and isotopic ratios.

166 Plutonium isotopic ratios and their distance from the so

167 ference material (CRM) 136 solution (CRM 136-plutonium isotopic standard, New Brunswick Laboratory, A

168 Results highlight the need for plutonium isotopic standards that are certified for (234

169 Plutonium(IV) adsorbed to quartz and subsequently spiked

170 s study measured reductive solubilization of plutonium(IV) hydrous oxide (Pu(IV)O(2).xH(2)O((am))) wi

171 has been developed for the quantification of plutonium(IV) in environmental samples.

172 Plutonium(IV) is one example of a species which displays

173 phere of 4.5 kg of alpha-phase weapons-grade plutonium known as the BeRP ball, a 6 kg sphere of neptu

174 nuclear-weapons workers who were exposed to plutonium many years ago.

175 data and are able to identify weapons-grade plutonium, masked by naturally-occurring radioactive mat

176 ated and other molecular clusters containing plutonium, maximizing (242)Pu(16)O(2)(+) responses.

177 While plutonium may exist in multiple oxidations states plus c

178 Plutonium measurements are essential to the nuclear fore

179 Plutonium metal exhibits an anomalously large softening

180 We present phonon properties of plutonium metal obtained from a combination of density-f

181 The first quaternary plutonium metal thiophosphates have been synthesized by

182 Plutonium metal undergoes an anomalously large 25% colla

183 synthesis and characterization of the first plutonium metal-organic framework (MOF).

184 m the fission neutrons that are emitted from plutonium metal.

185 rks, and serves as the foundation for future plutonium MOF chemistry.

186 We report a new formal oxidation state for plutonium, namely Pu(2+) in [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Pu(II)Cp

187 distributions of long-term retained inhaled plutonium-nitrate [(239)Pu (NO(3))(4)] deposited in the

188 , in the case of cesium (a co-contaminant of plutonium), no difference was observed between the 140 a

189 first direct observation of such behavior of plutonium on a naturally occurring mineral, providing in

190 Selective capture and purification of plutonium onto the resin beads is then performed by pres

191 med on the gallium-stabilized delta phase of plutonium over a range of temperatures and compositions

192 igate the redox effect of organic ligands on plutonium oxidation states under repository-relevant con

193 Changes in aqueous- and solid-phase plutonium oxidation states were monitored as a function

194 re of neptunium, and a canister of 3.4 kg of plutonium oxide (7% (240)Pu and 93% (239)Pu).

195 Perplexing aspects of plutonium oxide chemistry can now be explained.

196 The values of the plutonium partition coefficients (Kd) between water and

197 The objective was to study plutonium partitioning between immobile and mobile humic

198 core formation and find that both iodine and plutonium partly partition into metal liquid.

199 Plutonium plays an important role within nuclear waste m

200 k requires the products of the pan gu (png), plutonium (plu) and giant nuclei (gnu) genes.

201 rs encoded by the genes, giant nuclei (gnu), plutonium (plu) and pan gu (png).

202 bryos from Drosophila mothers mutant for the plutonium (plu) gene contain giant polyploid nuclei resu

203 Three genes, pan gu (png), plutonium (plu), and giant nuclei (gnu) are required to

204 Three genes, pan gu (png), plutonium (plu), and giant nuclei (gnu) coordinate these

205 a melanogaster, the cell cycle control gene, plutonium (plu), is located between the PCNA and RpS18 g

206 Plutonium possesses the most complicated phase diagram i

207 the curium and a substantial fraction of the plutonium present in the early Solar System.

208 , (244)Pu, that reflect the unique legacy of plutonium production at SRS.

209 e in Washington became the location for U.S. plutonium production.

210 Plutonium (Pu) adsorption to and desorption from mineral

211 adioactive waste containing small amounts of plutonium (Pu) and americium (Am) was disposed in shallo

212 multaneous determination of ultratrace level plutonium (Pu) and neptunium (Np) using iron hydroxide c

213 Besides the long-lived radionuclides plutonium (Pu) and neptunium (Np), which are key element

214 Plutonium (Pu) and non-natural uranium (U) originating f

215 The high-energy release of plutonium (Pu) and uranium (U) during the Maralinga nucl

216 sance of organometallic thorium (Th) through plutonium (Pu) chemistry(4-12), and to a smaller extent

217 ctive features, analogous neptunium (Np) and plutonium (Pu) compounds are unknown to date.

218 Plutonium (Pu) cycling and mobility in the environment c

219 Plutonium (Pu) dioxide particles were produced from cert

220 the isotopic compositions of uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) from cotton swipes.

221 Approximately 2.8 t of plutonium (Pu) has been deposited in the Nevada National

222 Assessing the bioavailability of plutonium (Pu) helps to predict its toxic effects on aqu

223 tial to understand the fate and transport of plutonium (Pu) in (sub)surface environments.

224 ETS) has been previously shown to accumulate plutonium (Pu) in a colloidal subfraction and is hypothe

225 s testing (NWT) resulted in the injection of plutonium (Pu) into the atmosphere and subsequent global

226 this study, ruthenium (Ru), uranium (U), and plutonium (Pu) isotope ratios and concentrations were me

227 Uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) isotopic ratios of intercepted materials

228 Subsurface transport of plutonium (Pu) may be facilitated by the formation of in

229 erstanding of the phase diagram of elemental plutonium (Pu) must include both, the effects of the str

230 ~pH 2.5), high ionic strength (~5 M nitrate) plutonium (Pu) processing waste were released into the 2

231 Plutonium (Pu) redox and complexation processes in the p

232 The rates and extent of plutonium (Pu) sorption and desorption onto mineral surf

233 B), fulvic acid (FA), and humic acid (HA) on plutonium (Pu) sorption to goethite was studied as a fun

234 is work presents the findings of a long-term plutonium (Pu) study at Savannah River Site (SRS) conduc

235 On cooling from the melt, plutonium (Pu) undergoes a series of structural transfor

236 Radioactive waste containing a few grams of plutonium (Pu) was disposed between 1960 and 1968 in tre

237 es into the environment, and trace levels of plutonium (Pu) were detected in northeastern Japan.

238 Plutonium (Pu), americium (Am), and curium (Cm) activiti

239 ctivity and nuclear weapons debris including plutonium (Pu), the legacy of which is a long-lasting so

240 nts (e.g., (89)Sr, (90)Sr, (103)Ru, (106)Ru, plutonium), pure beta-emitters ((3)H, (14)C, (35)S), gas

241 nalysis; therefore, new methods that combine plutonium purification, concentration, and isotopic scre

242 ectrometry (ICPMS) or alpha spectrometry for plutonium quantification.

243 g-term retention of inhaled soluble forms of plutonium raises concerns as to the potential health eff

244 id-ocean ridge basalts had ~3x higher iodine/plutonium ratios (inferred from xenon isotopes) compared

245 Plutonium reduction in these systems was attributed to t

246 Pu uptake rates were determined by the plutonium remaining in solution after specific elapsed t

247 Plutonium reworking was observed within an oxidised rim

248 A plutonium-rich carbide, (U,Pu)(Al,Fe)(3)C(3), was discov

249 For example, plutonium's 5f electrons are poised on the border betwee

250 Uranium and plutonium's 5f electrons are tenuously poised between st

251 rved superconductivity results directly from plutonium's anomalous electronic properties and as such

252 of this softening is the compressibility of plutonium's thermally excited electronic configurations,

253 Aqueous solution plutonium samples were evaporated and encapsulated insid

254 n of CRM NBS 947 and other sulfate and oxide plutonium samples.

255 ament carburization for age determination of plutonium samples.

256 etrically-correct hemishells of mock HE with plutonium show that a system can be expected to positive

257 Overall, the plutonium signatures obtained in this study reflect a di

258 als is compared to the limited literature on plutonium solid-state compounds.

259 140 degrees C; (2) at 200 degrees C; and (3) plutonium sorbed to SWy-1 montmorillonite at room temper

260 Plutonium sorption decreased in the presence of DFOB (re

261 cts intrinsic differences between cesium and plutonium sorption/desorption behavior (charge, cation s

262 However, it has not been applied for plutonium speciation measurements yet.

263 r the absolute isotopic assay of uranium and plutonium standards, mock-up nuclear forensic samples, a

264 s involving various radionuclides (including plutonium, strontium, caesium) measured in the laborator

265 dynamic magnetism, we construct a theory for plutonium that agrees with relevant measurements by usin

266 hanism for the citrate-mediated reduction of plutonium that involves electron transfer from the oxida

267 uranium to neptunium; however, on moving to plutonium the orbital-energy matching improves but the s

268 Given the practical importance of metallic plutonium, there is considerable interest in understandi

269 tant bond distances and angles for these new plutonium thiophosphate materials is compared to the lim

270 an and dogs had a nonuniform distribution of plutonium throughout the lung tissue.

271 ing the redox lability and the reluctance of plutonium to distort.

272 Accordingly, we used plutonium to quantify contributions of global versus Che

273 maged reactors were the major contributor of plutonium to surface soil at the source, decreasing rapi

274 Plutonium undergoes a 25 per cent increase in volume whe

275 wed substantial sequestration of water-borne plutonium (up to 73%) on the humics-coated silica gels.

276 in vitro assays, we found that intracellular plutonium uptake can occur through siderocalin-mediated

277 tions of the lattice dynamical properties of plutonium using an electronic structure method, which in

278 Separation and purification of trace plutonium was carried out followed by three stage therma

279 Overall, more plutonium was desorbed from the 140 degrees C colloids (

280 In 2004, a bottle containing a sample of plutonium was recovered from a Hanford waste trench.

281 used for active interrogation of uranium and plutonium, we observed beta-delayed neutron production f

282 The chemical yields of plutonium were averagely better than 90% under the optim

283 In this work, metal and oxide forms of plutonium were measured using a handheld detection syste

284 superconductivity if the hazardous material plutonium were not a constituent.

285 d precision of isotope ratio measurements of plutonium when compared to the established resin bead lo

286 Nevertheless, the electronic structure of plutonium, which directly influences its metallurgical p

287 and the first-ever measurement of elemental plutonium with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer.

288 s C may lead to a more stable association of plutonium with colloids, resulting in lower desorption r

289 apons-grade, heat source, and higher burn-up plutonium with fallout material.

290 , USA (SRS) decades ago, trace quantities of plutonium with highly unique isotopic characteristics st

291 extend the range of complexity exhibited by plutonium with the discovery of superconductivity in PuC

292 ties by reporting the first-ever analysis of plutonium with the LS-APGD and the first-ever measuremen

293 ratio measurements of ultratrace amounts of plutonium with thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIM

294 and beagle dogs, the appearance of retained plutonium within the respiratory tract was inconsistent

295 ore than half the blood cells of the healthy plutonium workers contain large (>6 Mb) intrachromosomal

296 lear material (e.g. highly-enriched uranium, plutonium...) would be useful for national security miss

297 mium, copper, lead, mercury, silver, uranium/plutonium, zinc) exemplify the problem.