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1 ase activity missing from two modules of the polyketide synthase.
2 synthase with that of module 2 of rapamycin polyketide synthase.
3 se and an oxygenase, in addition to the core polyketide synthase.
4 ormed by biphenyl synthase (BIS), a type III polyketide synthase.
5 the organization displayed by this singular polyketide synthase.
6 he programming selectivities of the tenellin polyketide synthase.
7 it formation to the ACPs integrated into the polyketide synthase.
8 line skeleton is biosynthesized by a type II polyketide synthase.
9 BonMT2 from module 2 of the bongkrekic acid polyketide synthase.
10 -amino acids and other elements derived from polyketide synthases.
11 quinolone and acridone alkaloid by type III polyketide synthases.
12 e clade of the functionally diverse type III polyketide synthases.
13 onyl-CoA, a common substrate of multimodular polyketide synthases.
14 tituted components from a variety of modular polyketide synthases.
15 chalcone synthase families of fatty acid and polyketide synthases.
16 e mechanism of natural evolution for modular polyketide synthases.
17 d, much like an in vitro version of Nature's polyketide synthases.
18 cillaene, difficidin, and mupirocin trans-AT polyketide synthases.
20 toacyl-acyl-carrier protein (ACP) synthases, polyketide synthases, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA syn
21 investigation of the model type I iterative polyketide synthase 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (6-M
22 of ACP domains of the erythromycin precursor polyketide synthase, 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DE
24 etic metabolon (ACYL COENZYME A SYNTHETASE5, POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A [PKSA], PKSB, and TETRAKETIDE alph
25 structural analyses of the TE/CLC domain in polyketide synthase A, the multidomain PKS central to th
26 d by the combined action of a modular Type-I polyketide synthase, a conserved set of enzymes involved
30 nd CTB3 genes that encode, respectively, the polyketide synthase and a dual methyltransferase/monooxy
31 cluster, followed by characterization of the polyketide synthase and acyltransferase involved in bios
32 alyses identify extensive diversification of polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase
33 mong differentially expressed transcripts, a polyketide synthase and three lipoxygenases (involved in
34 ne backbone is biosynthesized by the minimal polyketide synthases and an amidotransferase homologue O
35 on and release from six of these nonreducing polyketide synthases and have identified the products.
36 and di-domain ARO/CYCs in bacterial type II polyketide synthases and lays the groundwork for enginee
38 te pathway that is extended by the action of polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetas
41 ers are converted by thioesterase domains of polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetase
43 lism is shown by gene expression analyses of polyketide synthases and the determination of the second
44 module and intermodule substrate transfer in polyketide synthases, and establishes a new model for mo
46 Acyltransferase (AT) domains of multimodular polyketide synthases are the primary gatekeepers for ste
47 tegy to identify the low expression of Bik1 (polyketide synthase) as a major bottleneck step in the p
48 role for ABM superfamily proteins in type II polyketide synthase assemblages for maintaining biosynth
52 initiating and terminating an unusual type I polyketide synthase assembly line, and discover that mac
54 e hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase biosynthetic gene cluster is encoded
55 ibe a pathway to chloroethylmalonyl-CoA as a polyketide synthase building block in the biosynthesis o
56 n the dark: the fermentation products of the polyketide synthase CalE8 (without its cognate thioester
57 Furthermore, in vitro investigations of the polyketide synthase central to cercosporin biosynthesis
58 ction of atrochrysone carboxylic acid by the polyketide synthase ClaG and the beta-lactamase ClaF.
60 a shunt product in all related non-reducing polyketide synthase clusters containing homologues of Tp
61 s); each encodes acyltransferase-less type I polyketide synthases commensurate with iso-migrastatin b
62 oding hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthases consistent with thalassospiramide a
63 ation and heterologous expression of type II polyketide synthase-containing eDNA clones is reported h
65 MAL cluster, we identified malleilactone, a polyketide synthase-derived cytotoxic siderophore encode
66 of the biosynthesis of an important group of polyketide synthase-derived mycobacterial lipids, and su
69 conducted rational domain swaps between the polyketide synthases encoding the biosynthesis of the cl
70 nated when both the tpc and enc non-reducing polyketide synthase-encoding genes, tpcC and encA, respe
72 ly required for the release of products from polyketide synthase enzymes, but no such enzyme has been
73 inition: A long-standing paradigm in modular polyketide synthase enzymology, namely the definition of
74 chloroethylmalonyl-CoA, a novel halogenated polyketide synthase extender unit of the proteasome inhi
75 important step toward harnessing these rare polyketide synthase extender units for combinatorial bio
78 antroquinonol biosynthesis in mycelium, and polyketide synthase for antrocamphin biosynthesis in fru
82 recently a large trans-acyltransferase (AT) polyketide synthase gene cluster responsible for the bio
83 approach by isolating and sequencing type I polyketide synthase gene clusters from an Antarctic soil
84 ow describe a method for rapidly recombining polyketide synthase gene clusters to replace, add or rem
87 tants showed significant upregulation of the polyketide synthase genes ppsA-ppsE and drrA, which cons
93 line collaboration between a highly reducing polyketide synthase (HRPKS, Fub1) and a nonribosomal pep
96 teins of several families including type-III polyketide synthases, hydrolases, and cytochrome P450s r
97 e, can be incorporated by the actions of the polyketide synthase III (KSIII) AsuC3/C4 as well as the
100 e for the mandatory homodimeric structure of polyketide synthases, in contrast to the monomeric nonri
102 ciated with defoliation shared homology with polyketide synthases involved in secondary metabolism, w
104 oxin B1, is one of the multidomain iterative polyketide synthases (IPKSs), a large, poorly understood
105 l polyketide intermediate from the iterative polyketide synthases (iPKSs), most frequently by a thioe
107 lite gene clusters are anchored by iterative polyketide synthases (IPKSs), which are multidomain enzy
108 s involves a pair of collaborating iterative polyketide synthases (iPKSs): a highly reducing iPKS wit
110 Chalcone synthase (CHS), a type III plant polyketide synthase, is critical for flavonoid biosynthe
111 nge assay directly establishes that specific polyketide synthase ketoreductase domains also have an i
115 hat encode three acyltransferase-less type I polyketide synthases (MgsEFG), one discrete acyltransfer
116 lly, we introduced the S148C mutation into a polyketide synthase module (PikAIII-TE) to impart increa
119 e course of the enigmatic iterative use of a polyketide synthase module was deduced from targeted dom
120 yketide natural products produced on modular polyketide synthase multienzymes by an assembly-line pro
124 ketide/amino acid structure encodes a hybrid polyketide synthase nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS
125 c gene cluster contains only a single-module polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS
126 ay-specific enzyme CpaS, a hybrid two module polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS
128 erial strains and contains an unusual hybrid polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase, whi
130 aced, en masse, the promoters of nonreducing polyketide synthase (NR-PKS) genes, key genes in NP bios
132 of fungal nonreducing, multidomain iterative polyketide synthases (NR-PKS group of IPKSs) results fro
136 emplate (PT) domains from fungal nonreducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKSs) are responsible for contr
138 by a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase (NRPS-PKS) system of the trans-acyl
139 n termination mechanism is described for the polyketide synthase of curacin A, an anticancer lead com
140 n is described for the loading module of the polyketide synthase of curacin A, an anticancer lead der
141 idated this system by expressing nonreducing polyketide synthases of Aspergillus terreus and addition
142 hat employs the final two monomodular type I polyketide synthases of the pikromycin pathway in vitro
144 re the extent of phosphopantetheinylation of polyketide synthase (PKS) acyl carrier protein (ACP) dom
145 tes and virulence factors biosynthesized via polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synth
146 lic fatty acid synthase of type 1 (FAS1) and polyketide synthase (PKS) and the down-regulation of the
147 eaturing an acyltransferase (AT)-less type I polyketide synthase (PKS) and three tailoring enzymes Mg
148 olide B synthase (DEBS) and pikromycin (Pik) polyketide synthase (PKS) are unique multifunctional enz
150 ential to both fatty acid synthase (FAS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) biosynthetic pathways, yet rel
151 omain FosDH1 from module 1 of the fostriecin polyketide synthase (PKS) catalyzed the stereospecific i
154 r nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme complexes by a conserve
155 of bioactive natural products synthesized by polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme complexes predominantly
156 n postulated to be synthesized by a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme, but so far type III PK
158 ducts are produced by multifunctional type I polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes that operate as biosyn
160 son mutagenesis, we identified a stand-alone polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster required for the
164 ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and NRPS-polyketide synthase (PKS) hybrid BGCs from Photorhabdus
165 nt antibiotic produced via a trans-AT Type I polyketide synthase (PKS) in Pseudomonas fluorescens, co
166 These techniques were applied to CalE8, the polyketide synthase (PKS) involved in calicheamicin bios
167 Detailed analysis of the modular Type I polyketide synthase (PKS) involved in the biosynthesis o
170 decouple R*-domain-containing NRPS from the polyketide synthase (PKS) machinery, expanding the parad
172 ybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)/polyketide synthase (PKS) megasynthase followed by the t
173 h nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) modules acting along with cata
175 his moiety, the gem-dimethyl group producing polyketide synthase (PKS) modules of yersiniabactin and
176 nits through the use of dedicated initiation polyketide synthase (PKS) modules offers opportunities t
177 mains of cryptic function are often found in polyketide synthase (PKS) modules that produce epimerize
178 , encodes a trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) polyketide synthase (PKS) multienzyme that was hypothesi
179 by heterologous complementation of enediyne polyketide synthase (PKS) mutants from the C-1027 produc
183 en 77 and 80 kb and encode five multimodular polyketide synthase (PKS) proteins, a hydroxymethylgluta
184 ad branch of fatty acid synthase- (FAS)-like polyketide synthase (PKS) proteins, which sacoglossan an
185 ns a hybrid type I fatty acid synthase (FAS)-polyketide synthase (PKS) system and an ABC transporter.
186 mains act as interaction hubs within modular polyketide synthase (PKS) systems, employing specific pr
188 nd the characterization of a highly reducing polyketide synthase (PKS) that acts in both a sequential
189 olyketides are biosynthesized by the type II polyketide synthase (PKS) that consists of 5-10 stand-al
190 antibiotic erythromycin, is synthesized by a polyketide synthase (PKS) that has emerged as the protot
191 core has been predicted to be initiated by a polyketide synthase (PKS) that is distinct from all know
192 g disease, house a nonamodular assembly line polyketide synthase (PKS) that presumably synthesizes an
193 thase (DEBS) is a prototypical assembly line polyketide synthase (PKS) that synthesizes the macrocycl
194 er encoding a cryptic trans-acyl transferase polyketide synthase (PKS) was identified in the genomes
195 mains (DHs) of the iso-migrastatin (iso-MGS) polyketide synthase (PKS) were investigated by systemati
196 ) from Streptomyces coelicolor is a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) with broad substrate flexibili
197 c pathways of the products of type I modular polyketide synthase (PKS) with the focus on providing a
198 a chersina previously identified an enediyne polyketide synthase (PKS), but no anthraquinone PKS, sug
200 in, which exhibits a putative combination of polyketide synthase (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthet
201 viously identified as a cluster containing a polyketide synthase (PKS)-encoding (FUB1) and four addit
203 ticancer activity that are biosynthesized by polyketide synthase (PKS)-nonribosomal peptide synthetas
211 Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and polyketide synthases (PKS) produce numerous secondary me
212 compounds is proposed to involve two fungal polyketide synthases (PKS) that function collaboratively
215 le that targets the thioesterase activity of polyketide synthase Pks13, an essential enzyme that form
216 gene deletion verified that the F. fujikuroi polyketide synthase PKS13, designated Gpy1, is responsib
217 22) and a 6-domain reducing iterative type I polyketide synthase (Pks15/1) for production of p-hydrox
218 ing the norsolorinic acid anthrone-producing polyketide synthase, PksA, from the aflatoxin biosynthet
219 Previous work identified enediyne-specific polyketide synthases (PKSEs) that can be phylogeneticall
220 tion and functionalization encoded by type I polyketide synthase (PKSs), cascade reactions can take p
223 id lactone (TAL) is a signature byproduct of polyketide synthases (PKSs) and a valuable synthetic pre
224 enetic analysis of the corresponding melanin polyketide synthases (PKSs) and alignment of melanin BGC
225 The final transformation catalyzed by both polyketide synthases (PKSs) and fatty acid synthases is
228 Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) are large enzymes responsibl
232 Ketoreductase (KR) domains from modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) catalyze the reduction of 2-
239 most of the fatty acid synthases (FASs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) known to date are characteri
243 ineering the acyltransferase (AT) domains of polyketide synthases (PKSs) responsible for the incorpor
245 e alkylresorcinol synthases (ARSs), type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) that produce 5-alkylresorcin
246 However, manipulation of modular type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) to make unnatural metabolite
247 polyketide intermediates are set by modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) when condensation is not imm
249 iosynthetic machinery, represented by type I polyketide synthases (PKSs), has an architecture in whic
250 rbon framework is assembled by two iterative polyketide synthases (PKSs), Hpm8 (highly reducing) and
251 To harness the synthetic power of modular polyketide synthases (PKSs), many aspects of their bioch
252 the biosynthesis of polyketide backbones by polyketide synthases (PKSs), post-PKS modifications resu
259 roach has been successful for type I modular polyketide synthases (PKSs); however, despite more than
260 a spontaneous point mutation in the putative polyketide synthase PpsD that results in a G44C amino ac
261 of mellein by a partially reducing iterative polyketide synthase (PR-PKS) as a pentaketide product.
262 ar compounds (marginolactones) are formed by polyketide synthases primed not with gamma-aminobutanoyl
263 thase (DEBS) is a prototypical assembly line polyketide synthase produced by the actinomycete Sacchar
264 rmations responsible for converting the post-polyketide synthase product into the exciting anticancer
265 ort the characterization of a novel Type III polyketide synthase, quinolone synthase (QNS), from A. m
267 of programming of iterative highly reducing polyketide synthases remains one of the key unsolved pro
269 the hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetases/polyketide synthase rifamycin biosynthetic cluster of Am
270 ng 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA), the polyketide synthase starter unit of both natural product
271 hioluteus catalyzes the formation of unusual polyketide synthase starter unit p-nitrobenzoic acid (pN
272 ing an extensive literature on assembly line polyketide synthases such as the 6-deoxyerythronolide B
273 ormed by an iterative highly reducing fungal polyketide synthase supported by a hydrolase, together w
274 unctional analysis of three soil DNA-derived polyketide synthase systems in Streptomyces albus reveal
275 , we have constructed pathways involving two polyketide synthase systems, and we show that fluoroacet
279 by DynE8, a highly reducing iterative type I polyketide synthase that assembles polyketide intermedia
282 e show that chlorizidine A is assembled by a polyketide synthase that uniquely incorporates a fatty a
283 polyketide biosynthesis mediated by trans-AT polyketide synthases that lack integrated acyl transfera
285 ding frames that encode three modular type I polyketide synthases (TtmHIJ), one type II thioesterase
286 ates tested positive for at least one of the polyketide synthase type I, polyketide synthase type II
287 least one of the polyketide synthase type I, polyketide synthase type II or non-ribosomal peptide syn
288 tory quinones, PkQs are produced by type III polyketide synthases using fatty acyl-CoA precursors.
289 licolor RppA (Sc-RppA), a bacterial type III polyketide synthase, utilizes malonyl-CoA as both starte
290 s of DynE8, fatty acid synthase, and modular polyketide synthases, we overexpressed a 44-kDa fragment
291 quence-specific synthesis by the ribosome to polyketide synthases, where tethered molecules are passe
292 opolone nucleus: tropA encodes a nonreducing polyketide synthase which releases 3-methylorcinaldehyde
293 nsible for chain release from the enacyloxin polyketide synthase, which assembles an antibiotic with
294 hanism for chain release from the enacyloxin polyketide synthase, which assembles an antibiotic with
296 y, terpenoid pathways, cytochrome P450s, and polyketide synthases, which may contribute to the produc
298 suggest that Pks15/1 is an iterative type I polyketide synthase with a relaxed control of catalytic
299 ltransferase domain of module 6 of rifamycin polyketide synthase with that of module 2 of rapamycin p
300 gested to be the product of a modular type I polyketide synthase working in trans with two monofuncti