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2 at large hydrophobic side chains occlude the pore, forming a physical gate, and that channel opening
4 bacterial membranes are consistent with the pore-forming activities of AMPs previously observed in l
5 ggest the relative independence between StII pore-forming activity and its immunomodulatory propertie
6 umolysin-induced MIF production required its pore-forming activity and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK in
8 sdermin D (GSDMD) induces pyroptosis via the pore-forming activity of its N-terminal domain, cleaved
11 ylatable Thr6 residue of GSDME, inhibits its pore-forming activity, thus uncovering a potential mecha
13 directed exposure of individual cells to the pore-forming agent alpha-hemolysin, we have controlled t
17 ic alternative splice variants of the single pore-forming alpha subunit ( KCa1.1, Kcnma1, Slo1) gene,
18 d consists of a protein complex comprising a pore-forming alpha subunit and two associated beta subun
21 e-activated K(+)(BK) channel consists of the pore-forming alpha subunits (BKalpha) and auxiliary subu
22 ltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels comprise pore-forming alpha subunits and a multiplicity of regula
23 nd Ca(v)2 Ca(2+) channels are comprised of a pore-forming alpha(1) subunit (Ca(v)1.1-1.4, Ca(v)2.1-2.
24 e intracellular S0-S1 loop of the BK channel pore-forming alpha-subunit controls functional coupling
25 ewise, OHCs of BKalpha(-/-) mice lacking the pore-forming alpha-subunit of BK channels have longer IP
26 CaM that lack Ca(2+)-binding capacity to the pore-forming alpha-subunit of Ca(V)1.2, Ca(V)1.3, and Ca
27 Ca2+ channel beta-subunit interactions with pore-forming alpha-subunits are long-thought to be oblig
28 The properties and physiological function of pore-forming alpha-subunits of large conductance calcium
29 hannels are formed by the co-assembly of the pore-forming alpha-subunits, Kv4.2 and Kv4.3, together w
30 n of PMN number and function and the role of pore-forming alpha-toxin (AT), a virulence factor that c
31 multisubunit protein complexes composed of a pore-forming alpha1 and auxiliary beta and alpha2delta s
32 rafficking and biophysical properties of the pore-forming alpha1 subunit and trigger excitatory synap
33 its N-terminal region, scaffolds the L-type pore-forming alpha1 subunit and, through its C-terminal
34 caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the pore-forming alpha1 subunit of CaV 2.1 (P/Q-type) calciu
35 alleled by changes in phosphorylation of the pore-forming alpha1 subunit of the cardiac voltage-gated
36 divisions of calcium channel, defined by the pore-forming alpha1 subunit, the CaV 1, CaV 2 and CaV 3
37 age-gated Ca(2+) (CaV) channels consist of a pore-forming alpha1 subunit, which determines the main f
40 leavage of the gasdermin proteins to produce pore-forming amino-terminal fragments causes inflammator
42 Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the pore-forming and Ca(2+)-conducting subunit of the unipor
46 More generally, treatment with H2A and the pore-forming antibiotic polymyxin B completely eradicate
47 ocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxins are pore-forming bacterial toxins that translocate multiple
50 five proteins arranged in two-fold symmetry: pore-forming beta-barrel protein Tom40 and four auxiliar
52 ng such tissues, we developed a new class of pore-forming bioink to spatially and temporally control
53 ssible to direct either rapid and transient (pore-forming bioinks), or slower and more sustained (sol
54 ated potassium channels (BK) are composed of pore-forming BKalpha and auxiliary beta1 subunits in art
56 e attributed to the specific geometry of the pores, forming cages built with phenyl rings and enriche
58 ocessability, thermal stability, and uniform pore-forming capability, which endow the resultant frame
60 nels, Cav1.4 channels are composed of a main pore-forming Cav1.4 alpha1 subunit and auxiliary beta an
61 nnels are oligomeric complexes formed by the pore-forming CaValpha1 with the auxiliary CaVbeta and Ca
62 ytes exist as heteromeric complexes with the pore-forming CaValpha1, CaVbeta, and CaValpha2delta1 sub
63 elation between the total amount of the LTCC pore-forming Cavalpha1.2 and the Akt-dependent phosphory
64 of a multiprotein complex consisting of the pore-forming channel subunits, the constitutively bound
66 etry upon the conformational behavior of the pore-forming, cholesterol-dependent cytolysin perfringol
67 oL1 has been hypothesized to function like a pore-forming colicin and has been reported to have perme
71 which the receptor complex combines with the pore-forming component to assemble a new translocase for
72 ative intracellular pathogen that secretes a pore-forming cytolysin called listeriolysin O (LLO), whi
73 the transcription factor PrfA, including the pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO), two phosph
75 we report the structures of a staphylococcal pore-forming cytotoxin, leukocidin GH (LukGH), in comple
77 echanotransduction complex that contains the pore-forming degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/EN
78 o the surface of podocytes, with most of the pore-forming domain (PFD) and C terminus of the Serum Re
79 mic N-terminal domain and smaller C-terminal pore-forming domain comprising six transmembrane helices
80 GC-35 evolved from GABA-A receptors, but the pore-forming domain contains novel molecular determinant
81 RCD-1 is a remote homolog of the N-terminal pore-forming domain of gasdermin, the executioner protei
82 Lo-like domain of HELLP is homologous to the pore-forming domain of MLKL, the cell death-execution pr
83 uman ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG1), the pore-forming domain of the delayed rectifier K(+) channe
84 e based on expression of a chimera between a pore-forming domain of the mechanically insensitive ASIC
87 ell death-inducing protein containing a HeLo pore-forming domain, is activated through amyloid templa
88 involves global changes in structure of the pore-forming domains transduced by interactions of the p
89 ng domains transduced by interactions of the pore-forming domains with either the NT, CT, or both, wi
90 acNavs contain conserved voltage-sensing and pore-forming domains, but they are homotetramers of four
91 osis requires cleavage and activation of the pore-forming effector protein gasdermin D by inflammator
92 During pyroptosis, GSDMD (gasdermin D), the pore-forming effector protein, is cleaved, forms oligome
94 acter pylori (Hp) secrete VacA, a diffusible pore-forming exotoxin that is epidemiologically linked t
96 ne model to evaluate the contribution of the pore-forming GBS beta-hemolysin/cytolysin (betaH/C) to v
102 ve potassium (K(ATP)) channels composed of a pore-forming Kir6.2 potassium channel and a regulatory A
103 tive potassium (KATP) channels comprise four pore-forming Kir6.2 subunits and four modulatory sulfony
104 f-function (GOF) mutations in genes encoding pore-forming (Kir6.1, KCNJ8) and accessory (SUR2, ABCC9)
105 Kv4 channels are ternary complexes including pore-forming Kv4 subunits and two types of auxiliary sub
106 Kv4 channels are ternary complexes including pore-forming Kv4 subunits, K(+) channel-interacting prot
111 us is thought to depend on the production of pore-forming leukocidins that kill leukocytes and lyse e
114 (MABP) domain binds membranes such that the pore-forming machinery of MPEG1 is oriented away from th
116 -expressed gene 1, Mpeg1), which possesses a pore-forming MACPF domain, reduces the viability of bact
117 beta), each of which comprises an N-terminal pore-forming MACPF/CDC domain, a central focal adhesion-
118 (uniplex) contains four core components: the pore-forming MCU protein, the gatekeepers MICU1 and MICU
121 ly, there are tantalizing hints that the CDC pore-forming mechanism is more sophisticated than previo
122 al tools to dissect different aspects of the pore-forming mechanism of StII(1-30), a peptide derived
124 e make the unexpected finding that SNTX is a pore-forming member of an ancient branch of the Membrane
125 nce of a lipid-dependent bulge region in the pore-forming module of lysenin, which may explain the ga
127 rned through direct interactions between the pore-forming Orai proteins and the endoplasmic reticulum
129 ances the membrane selectivity of a prolific pore-forming peptide, melittin, based on experimental ob
131 of combinatorial libraries from which potent pore-forming peptides have been derived, optimized to wo
132 w that conformational fine-tuning of helical pore-forming peptides is a powerful way to modulate thei
133 e contents--granzyme (Gzm) proteases and the pore-forming perforin (PFN)--into the infected cell.
137 l synapse with their targets and secreting a pore-forming protein (perforin) and pro-apoptotic serine
140 rst evidence, to our knowledge, that StII, a pore-forming protein from a marine eukaryotic organism,
141 to avoid this hurdle, sticholysin (St) II, a pore-forming protein from the Caribbean Sea anemone Stic
142 toxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated the pore-forming protein Gasdermin D, which formed mitochond
145 ic T lymphocytes enhance the function of the pore-forming protein perforin, thereby leading to more e
146 study, we show that the membrane-associated pore-forming protein Perforin-2 (P2) is critical for LPS
147 ed endosome-disrupting agent composed of the pore-forming protein Perfringolysin O (PFO), potent sile
148 bolished the correct localisation of EXP2, a pore-forming protein required for the nutrient-permeable
149 Equinatoxin II (EqtII) is a soluble, 20 kDa pore-forming protein toxin isolated from the sea anemone
150 erall scheme of the archetypical beta barrel pore-forming protein toxin mode of action, in which the
151 specialized lysosomes containing perforin, a pore-forming protein, and granzymes, which are proteases
152 y cytokines such as IL-1beta and IL-18 and a pore-forming protein, gasdermin D, which triggers pyropt
155 elices similar in arrangement to other large-pore forming proteins but assemble as a heptameric chann
156 e similar membrane topology with other large-pore forming proteins such as connexins, innexins, and L
158 apoptosis at mitochondria by activating the pore-forming proteins Bax and Bak and by inhibiting the
159 anisms from all kingdoms of life, only a few pore-forming proteins have been successfully reconstitut
160 irectly by the recently identified family of pore-forming proteins known as gasdermins, the best char
162 sins (CDCs) represent a family of homologous pore-forming proteins secreted by many Gram-positive bac
163 ct effector proteins termed Yops, as well as pore-forming proteins that comprise the translocon itsel
164 Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are pore-forming proteins that serve as major virulence fact
167 te this inflammasome activation to different pore-forming proteins, GSDMD and pannexin-1, respectivel
168 proteins comprise the largest superfamily of pore-forming proteins, playing crucial roles in immunity
169 also exhibits behavior typically observed in pore-forming proteins, such as porins and ionic transpor
171 nserved residue leucine 29 to alanine in the pore-forming region increased its single-channel conduct
177 to this pathway, and mutations of homologous pore-forming residues had analogous effects on GltPh sim
178 nal adenylyl cyclase (AC) domain linked to a pore-forming RTX cytolysin (Hly) moiety, binds the compl
179 otide-binding domain (CNBD) connected to the pore-forming S6 transmembrane segment via the C-linker.
180 amino acid residues in or near the S5 and S6 pore-forming segments of NALCN, highlighting the functio
181 ate new polymers with flexible backbones and pore-forming side chains that have unexplored promise fo
184 form a channel complex with the K(+) channel pore-forming subunit Kv4.3 in a subset of nociceptors to
186 l the contribution of MCUB, a paralog of the pore-forming subunit MCU, in mtCU regulation and functio
187 otein 16A (TMEM16A), also known as ANO1, the pore-forming subunit of a Ca(2+) -dependent Cl(-) channe
188 neuron-specific misexpression of TRP-4, the pore-forming subunit of a mechanotransduction channel, s
191 , a gene required for hearing that encodes a pore-forming subunit of mechanosensory transduction chan
193 culum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor STIM1 to Orai1, the pore-forming subunit of the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(
194 n is required for mammalian hearing and is a pore-forming subunit of the hair cell mechanotransductio
195 tations of the CACNA1A gene that encodes the pore-forming subunit of the human Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) volt
196 d by mutations in CACNA1A, which encodes the pore-forming subunit of the neuronal voltage-gated calci
198 ther-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed r
199 ther-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed r
200 ther-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed r
201 ther-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapidly activating delayed r
202 protein Sec61 subunit alpha isoform 1), the pore-forming subunit of the Sec61 protein translocon, as
203 nnel like protein 1 (TMC1) is likely to be a pore-forming subunit of the transduction channel of coch
205 These channels consist of a primary alpha(1) pore-forming subunit, which is associated with an extrac
208 of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is observed when pore-forming subunits coassemble with or without auxilia
209 Two mammalian genes, Kcnt1 and Kcnt2, encode pore-forming subunits of Na(+)-dependent K(+) (KNa) chan
210 ne (polyQ) within the C terminus (CT) of the pore-forming subunits of P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels (Cav2.
212 of evidence is consistent with these TMCs as pore-forming subunits of the long-sought hair-cell trans
215 tion channels with two non-equivalent tandem pore-forming subunits that dimerize to form quasi-tetram
216 IKs channels are comprised of four KCNQ1 pore-forming subunits, two KCNE1 accessory subunits, and
217 ding domain (LBD) is essential for gating by pore-forming subunits, whereas a conserved motif on the
222 crease in the level of the cation-selective, pore-forming TJ protein claudin-2 was observed after cel
225 inetics for the well-characterized bacterial pore-forming toxin aerolysin in single cells in real tim
234 rs ranging from 20 to 200 nm, containing the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) and phosphatidy
236 We studied L. monocytogenes and its secreted pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) to identify key
243 ccus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin is a pore-forming toxin targeting the human C5a receptor (hC5
244 ainst MRSA strains encoding alpha-toxin(4)-a pore-forming toxin that binds the metalloprotease ADAM10
245 ostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is a pore-forming toxin that causes the symptoms of common ba
248 s white button mushrooms by secretion of the pore-forming toxin tolaasin, the main virulence factor o
249 membrane, we engineered a natural SM-binding pore-forming toxin, equinatoxin II (Eqt), into a nontoxi
253 nd transgenic overexpression, we show that a pore-forming toxin-like (PFT) gene at Fhb1 confers FHB r
259 elongs to the aerolysin family of small beta-pore-forming toxins (beta-PFTs), some members of which a
264 the mechanisms of other important classes of pore-forming toxins and proteins across the kingdoms of
268 pid and evolutionarily conserved response to pore-forming toxins in the gut, involving cytoplasm ejec
272 Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are pore-forming toxins secreted by bacteria that target mem
273 n important class of such protein complexes, pore-forming toxins start their journey as soluble monom
274 nflammatory form of cell death instigated by pore-forming toxins such as S. pneumoniae pneumolysin.
277 rol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), a family of pore-forming toxins that form gigantic pores in cell mem
278 senin is a member of the aerolysin family of pore-forming toxins that includes many representatives f
279 S. aureus produces an array of bicomponent pore-forming toxins that target and kill leukocytes, kno
280 peratures as measured by hypersensitivity to pore-forming toxins that target PS (papuamide A) or PE (
282 venom of sea anemones, actinoporins are the pore-forming toxins whose toxic activity relies on the f
283 ongated shape, which resembles those of beta-pore-forming toxins, such as Aerolysin, but is devoid of
284 e bacterial pathogens that secrete cytotoxic pore-forming toxins, such as Staphylococcus aureus and S
285 ng of pore formation by other aerolysin-like pore-forming toxins, which often represent crucial virul
289 egulatory and agonist-binding domains to the pore-forming trans-membrane domain (TMD), and validated
292 f antagonism, and complete structures of the pore-forming transmembrane domains of these receptors re
293 Voltage-gated sodium (Na(V)) channels are pore-forming transmembrane proteins that play essential
294 l critically evaluate the candidates for the pore-forming unit of the PTP and discuss recent data sug
297 y measurements in order to investigate how a pore-forming, virucidal peptide destabilizes lipid vesic
298 ub-strains of Escherichia coli secreting the pore-forming virulence factor alpha-hemolysin (HlyA).
300 determined not only by the properties of the pore-forming voltage-gated Na(+) channel (VGSC) alpha su